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Anatomy Tests
2nd Semester Muscles, Digestive System, Nervous System, Brain
117
Anatomy
10th Grade
05/23/2009

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Term
Orbicularis
Definition
A muscle that has fibers running in a circular pattern.
Term
Rectus Femoris
Definition
A muscle in the quadriceps group. Either: -rectus femoris -biceps femoris -gastrocnemius -piriformes
Term
External Oblique
Definition
Muscle with fibers on an angle to the midline.
Term
Posterior Thigh
Definition
Location of the Hamstring muscles.
Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
Muscle that moves the upper arm.
Term
Triceps
Definition
Doing handstands would require extensive strength in this muscle
Term
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
A muscle that assists with rotating the neck.
Term
Clavicle and Scapula
Definition
The origin of muscles that move the upper arm.
Term
Abdominal Muscles
Definition
Flex the spine
Term
Insertion
Definition
The bone moved most when a muscle contracts.
Term
External Intercostals
Definition
Muscle that's a major synergist of the diaphragm.
Term
Temporalis
Definition
Muscle that's a synergist to the masseter.
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
Originates on posterior femur, inserts Achilles tendon to calcaneus.
Term
Supraspinatus
Definition
Muscle located deep to trapezius, superior to spine of scapula.
Term
Infraspinatus
Definition
Rotator Cuff muscle.
Term
Transverse Abdominis
Definition
Doesn't assist with sit ups or abdominal crunches much.
Term
Sartorius
Definition
Longest muscle in the human, runs diagonal across the thigh.
Term
Popliteus
Definition
Not an adductor muscle.
Term
Platysma
Definition
Thin sheet muscle that overlays the sternocleidomastoid.
Term
Neck
Definition
Platysma is found where?
Term
Back
Definition
Trapezius is found where?
Term
Chest
Definition
Pectoralis Major is found where?
Term
Abdominal Wall
Definition
Transverse Abdominus and External Oblique are found where?
Term
Shoulder
Definition
Deltoid is found where?
Term
Upper Arm
Definition
Biceps Brachii are found where?
Term
Forearm
Definition
Extensors are found where?
Term
Thigh
Definition
Adductor Longus, Semitendinosus, Rectus Femoris, and Biceps Femoris are found where?
Term
Lower Leg
Definition
Gastrocnemius is found where?
Term
Neuromuscular Junction
Definition
The place where a neuron almost touches a muscle fiber to stimulate it.
Term
Actin and Myosin
Definition
One is skinny, one is fat.
Term
Muscle Tendons
Definition
the Epimysium of a skeletal muscle is continus or "contiguous with the... ?
Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
When a muscle impulse is just ready to occur, vesicles are full of... ?
Term
Myosin
Definition
The barbs or flaps that help the certain protein fiber get a grip or contract strongly are found on which protein strand?
Term
ATP
Definition
The most commonly used, most available, and most efficient energy source is
Term
Glycogen
Definition
The energy source most likely to supply you at the end of a triathalon is... ?
Term
Myofibril
Definition
Many of these make up the fiber
Term
Na
Definition
A change in the concentration of ______ ions around the myofibrils causes a contraction to occur.
Term
O2
Definition
Is not necessary for every contraction to occur.
Term
Lactic Acid
Definition
Results from O2 debt.
Term
Alimentary Canal
Definition
Consists of mouth, esophagus, small intestine
Term
Mastication
Definition
The first activity to occur in your body when dealing with nutrients.
Term
Preparation of Bolus
Definition
A major function of the tongue and hard palate.
Term
Lips
Definition
Alimentary Canal begins with
Term
All are
Definition
What parts of Alimentary canal are not protected by a mucous membrane? (esoph/stomach, duodenum, small intestine)
Term
Saliva
Definition
Composed of amalyse, bacteriastats, water
Term
Pharynx
Definition
Allows water, air, and food to pass through.
Term
Pyloric Sphincter
Definition
Allows Chyme to pass through.
Term
Bile/Digestive enzymes
Definition
Can be found in a healthy stomach
Term
Ilium
Definition
Longest part of small intestine.
Term
Ilium
Definition
Longest part of small intestine.
Term
Suspending the Liver
Definition
The Falciform ligament's main function is to... ?
Term
Isles of Langerhans
Definition
Where insulin is created
Term
Bile/Pancreatic Enzymes
Definition
What can be found in a healthy duodenum?
Term
Up
Definition
Material flows _______ after passing through the ileo-cecal valve.
Term
Small Intestine
Definition
Jejunum is found in the __________.
Term
Pepsin in Stomach
Definition
Protein is digested by ________ in the ________.
Term
Incisors, Canines, and Molars
Definition
What teeth are covered in enamel?
Term
Descending Tract
Definition
The sigmoid section of the large intestine is part of what segment?
Term
Large Intestine / Appendix
Definition
Beneficial bacteria in the intestines are found where?
Term
Liver
Definition
Hepatocytes are most easily found where?
Term
Low
Definition
The pH of the stomach is very _______.
Term
Saliva gland, pancreas, liver
Definition
Accessory organs of digestion.
Term
Tongue/Teeth
Definition
Involved with mastication.
Term
B 12
Definition
What vitamin is absorbed because of the intrinsic factor?
Term
Pepsin
Definition
Digests Protein
Term
Bile
Definition
Breaks down fats
Term
Pancreatic Enzymes
Definition
Found mainly in Duodenum
Term
Salivary Amalyse
Definition
In saliva, digests carbs.
Term
Sphincter of Oddie
Definition
Controls the common bile duct
Term
Enamel
Definition
Covers/Is the outside of tooth.
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
Down the hatch?
Term
Defecation
Definition
Out the back door.
Term
Hepatitis A
Definition
Least dangerous type of Hep.
Term
False
Definition
True/False: The pancreas is a simple organ and is only responsible for one digestive system.
Term
food DOESNT pass through.
Definition
What form is food in as it passes through the sphincter of oddi?
Term
it's function
Definition
Why is the external anal sphincter any more special than any other sphincter?
Term
Jejunum
Definition
In the entire digestive tract, the most nutrients are absorbed where?
Term
Holding/Tearing
Definition
Considering the human dental set up, we are probably least evolved to perform what function?
Term
False
Definition
True/False: In the technical sense of the word, the tongue is an accessory of digestion.
Term
Normal
Definition
The presence of bacteria in the descending tract is ______.
Term
Descending Tract
Definition
Haustra are where?
Term
Contraction of biceps
Definition
A somatic nervous activity ___________.
Term
Afferent Autonomic
Definition
When you feel the need to respond to a call from nature, this message of awareness is sent to the brain via which set of nerve pathways?
Term
none
Definition
The type of glial cell that carry impulses in a panic/fight or flight situations.
Term
Now wait just a minute here, Earl!
Definition
The type of glial cells that transmit messages from CNS to muscles.
Term
Myelin by Schwann Cells
Definition
An injured neuron must have what to regenerate the injured part?
Term
Dendrites
Definition
Bushy, short projects that receive incoming impulses and conduct them toward the cell body.
Term
Saltatory Conduction
Definition
Doesn't have to do withs low impulse conductions along nerve fibers, isn't restricted to small neurons, and doesn't only occur in CNS.
Term
Schwann
Definition
A type of Glial or Support Cell needed for regeneration.
Term
10 to 1
Definition
Number of glial cells compared to neurons.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
you can always tell the neuron cell body by the presence of what?
Term
Forming myelin sheaths outside the CNS
Definition
Schwann cells have the umitigated pleasure of what?
Term
Afferent Neurons
Definition
Neurons that conduct impulses to the spinal cord or brain are called
Term
Axon
Definition
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body.
Term
Nodes of Ranvier
Definition
Where the impulse jumps to myelinated area.
Term
Action Potential
Definition
+30 mili volts
Term
Resting Potential
Definition
-70 mili volts
Term
Large myelinated neuron
Definition
Fiber transmits impulses rapidly
Term
Synaptic knobs
Definition
Full of vesicles of chemical transmitter fluid.
Term
PNS
Definition
nerves and sensory receptors
Term
efferent
Definition
Carries impulses away from CNS
Term
Afferent
Definition
Carries impulses towards CNS
Term
Nervous impulse
Definition
Described as self propagating wave.
Term
Na+
Definition
Ions that eagerly diffuse or move inside a neuron when an impulse is passed.
Term
No Name Negative ions
Definition
Under resting circumstances the inside of a neuron is dominated by
Term
+30 mV
Definition
The electrical measurement of a nervous impulse would be equivalent to
Term
There is a change in nerve cell permeability, Na+ rush into cell.
Definition
When an impulse is conducted by a neuron, what changes occur?
Term
Neurotransmitter chemical
Definition
A synaptic cleft is most commonly bridged by
Term
Vessicle
Definition
Neurotransmitter fluid would likely be stored where?
Term
Fluid starts another impulse in the next neuron
Definition
What effect might the neurotransmitter fluid have on the neuron receiving the transmitter fluid?
Term
+35 mV
Definition
This is about transmitting an impulse along a neuron. The electrical situation IN the neuron is busy transmitting at what mV?
Term
-70 mV
Definition
At rest, the electrical measurement of a neuron would be
Term
Many impulses
Definition
Strong stimulus means;
Term
-50 mV
Definition
Stimulus threshold is
Term
no impulses sent
Definition
If stimulus doesn't reach the threshold,
Term
Microglia
Definition
The disgusting job of eating invaders is that of
Term
Oligodendrocytes
Definition
In the CNS, the blood brain barrier is formed by
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