Term
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Definition
| stratified squamous epitelium |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
largest organ
epidermis
dermis |
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Term
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Definition
barrier: serves to protect
vitamin D synthese
sensory
thermoregulation
social |
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Term
Function of the skin:
Barrier: Dry/acid mantel |
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Definition
| the surface can be a little dy and little acidic and prvent bacterial growth |
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Term
Function of the skin:
Barrier: UV barrier |
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Definition
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Term
Function of the skin:
Barrier: chemical barrier |
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Definition
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Term
Function of the skin:
vitamin D synthesis: |
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Definition
begins in keratinocytes (under the influence of UV light)
Helps maintain skeletal strength |
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Term
Function of the skin:
Sensory: |
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Definition
| receptors for heat, cold, touch, vibration and pain |
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Term
Function of the skin:
thermoregulation: |
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Definition
| Maintaining the correct body temperature |
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Term
Function of the skin:
social: |
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Definition
| facial expression, nonverbal communication, appearance |
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Term
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Definition
deepest layers of the epidermis, only one thick layer
cell division happening here (mitosis) |
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Term
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Definition
keratinocytes
dendritic cells: help with protection again pathogens
membrane-coating vesicles: helps with waterproofing |
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Term
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Definition
the first waterproofing from outside actually happens. it stops the water from getting any deeper
keratinocytes
dendritic cells
water proofing |
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Term
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Definition
looks like translucent layer in lab. just above the granulosum and below cornium only found in thick skin
eleidin (protein) forms a good barrier for protection
no nucleus/organelles |
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Term
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Definition
most superficial layer (top Layer)
dead, scaly
exfoliation |
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Term
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Definition
| keratinocytes: help with forming a barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| melanocytes: deals with producing melanin (skin pigmentation). the more active they are, the darker the pigment of the skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| like to feed on dead skin |
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Term
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Definition
| main tissue is areolar connective tissue. you have glands, receptors, blood vessels, and hair follocles |
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Term
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Definition
Papillary layer: gives rise to fingerprint
reticular layer: the layer that everything else is found in (glands, etc) stretch marks occur because of the damage to these layers |
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Term
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Definition
Below the dermis but not really part of the skin
subcutaneous tissue
Vascular: blood vessels |
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Term
| functions of the hypodermis |
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Definition
protection
heat/thermal generation |
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Term
Skin pigmentation
Hemoglobin |
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Definition
found in the blood -> red
the more blood that goes to the surface, the redder it gets |
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Term
skin pigmentation:
Carotene |
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Definition
color being more yellow in color
thick skin can store carotene and become more yellow over time |
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Term
skin pigmentation:
melanin |
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Definition
| darker versus lighter skin colors |
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Term
Abnormal skin colors
cyanosis: |
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Definition
blue
decrease in oxygen/bloodflow |
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Term
Abnormal skin colors
erythema: |
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Definition
red
increase in blood flow |
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Term
Abnormal skin colors
jaundice |
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Definition
yellow
accumulation bilirubin, dealth with by the liver |
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Term
Abnormal skin colors
bronzing |
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Definition
brown
decrease glucocorticoid hormone
addisons disease: where your body does not produce enough cortisol by genetics
hormone issue |
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Term
Abnormal skin colors
pallor |
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Definition
pale
decrease in blood flow |
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Term
Abnormal skin colors
albinism |
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Definition
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Term
Abnormal skin colors
hematoma |
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Definition
visible clotted blood
bruise is most common form but more referred to as a lump |
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Term
Skin markings
hemangiomas (birthmarks) |
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Definition
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Term
Skin markings
freckles and moles |
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Definition
| can increase with the more sun you are exposed to |
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Term
Skin markings
friction ridges |
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Definition
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Term
Skin markings
flexion creases |
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Definition
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Term
Structure of hair:
filament of keratinized cells |
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Definition
shaft/root
medulla, cortex, cuticle (inner to outer) |
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Term
structure of hair:
follicle |
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Definition
Bulb: where mitosis occurs
vascular tissue (papilla) |
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Term
Hair:
Forms
Lanugo:
Vellus
Terminal |
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Definition
premature infants
hair on arms
any other hair on the body |
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Term
| Hair color: pigment in cells of cortex |
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Definition
determined by protien
eumelanin: found more in darker hair
phenomelanin: red hair
blonde hair can have both eumelanin and phenomelanin
grey hair had no pigment |
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Term
Hair cycling stages:
Anagen |
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Definition
6-8 years
stem cells(hair bulb) ->epithelial root sheath-> hair matrix-> hair cells |
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Term
Hair cycling stages:
catagen |
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Definition
2-3 weeks
apoptosis
programs cells death |
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Term
hair cycling stages:
telogen: |
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Definition
1-3 months rest stage for hair
not actively growing or actively dying |
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Term
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Definition
body hair
scalp hair
beard, pubic, and axillary hair: develops at puberty
guard hairs (vibrissae): eye lashes and nose hairs, they are guarding an opening
eyebrows: more to do with social contexts (communicating with other rather than protection) |
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Term
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Definition
axillary and groin region
fatty acid composed solution
exocytosis |
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Term
Sebeceous gland:
where?
what?
structure
how?: |
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Definition
next to hair follicle (scalp axilary pubic)
sebum (oily, solution)
flask shapes
through the hair follicle and releases dead cells |
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Term
ceruminous gland
where?
what?
structure
functions: |
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Definition
ear canal
earwax
tubular
waterproofs, fights pathogens |
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Term
Skin cancer:
basal cell carcinoma |
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Definition
stratum basale -> dermis
rarely metastasizes |
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Term
skin cancer:
squamous cell carcinoma |
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Definition
stratum spinosum
can metastasize to lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
melanocytes:
ABCD: Asymmetry, border, color, diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid loss, infection, eschar |
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Term
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Definition
| epidermis only (red, painful, edema) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
fluid replacement/ infection control
debridement |
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Term
| Functions of the skeleton: |
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Definition
support
protection
movement
blood formation
mineral reservior (calcium phosphate)
pH balace (physiological pH is 7.4)
detoxification |
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Term
typical long bone:
Diaphysis (shaft) |
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Definition
| compact bone surrounding a medullary cavity |
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Term
Long bone:
Epiphysis (ends): |
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Definition
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Term
long bone
Articular cartilage |
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Definition
| surrounds epiphysis; present at joints |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounds the diaphysis; connects muscle/tendons to bone |
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Term
long bone:
epiphyseal plate: |
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Definition
| epiphysis and diaphysis meet; lengtheing of long bone. epiphyseal plate -> epiphyseal line when growth stops |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Cells of osseous tissue:
osteogenic cells: |
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Definition
| stem cells (found in the periosteum and bone cells) |
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Term
cells of osseous tissue:
osteoblasts: |
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Definition
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Term
cells of osseous tissue:
osteo cytes: |
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Definition
| "typical" bonecells; trapped in matrix |
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Term
cells of osseous tissue:
osteoclasts: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1/3 of bone
collagen
proteoglycans
glycoprotiens |
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Term
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Definition
2/3 of bone
hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate)
calcium carbonate |
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Term
Compact bone:
Osteon
Lamellae: |
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Definition
| concentric rings of matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| canals that connect osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| canals that contain blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
spongy bone
trabeculae?
light and strong |
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Definition
| bone marrow (within spaces) |
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Term
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Definition
hemopoietic (making blood cells
adults: head of femus and humerus in axial skeleton
children: all over (in bones) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| intermembranous ossification (flat bone formation) |
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Definition
1st: osteogenic cell
3rd: "holes"= marrow activity formed by osteoclasts
4th: osteoblasts |
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