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- Basic Functions of the Respiratory System
- 4 Processes of Respiration
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supples body with oxygen; disposes of carbon dioxide pulmonary ventilation; external respiration; transport of respiratory gases, internal respiration
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- nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
- pharynx, larynx, trachea
- bronchi and smaller branches
- lungs and alveoli
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provides airway for respiration moistens and warms air filters inhaled air resonating chamber for speech houses olfactory receptors
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external nares = nostrils divided by the nasal septum 2 types of mucous membrane (olfactory mucosa and respiratory mucosa)
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- olfactory mucosa
- respiratory mucosa
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near roof of nasal cavity; houses olfactory (smell receptors) lines nasal cavity; consists of pseudostratified columnar epithelium (with cilia); cilia moves contaminated mucus posteriorly
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funnel-shaped passageway that connects nasal cavity and mouth divided into 3 sections according to location: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx type of mucosal lining changes along its length
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ONLY an air passageway, closed off during swallowing pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) located on back wall; destroys entering pathogens contains opening to the pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)
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arch-like entranceway that extends from soft palate to epiglottis stratified squamous epithelium 2 types of tonsils: palatine tonsils (on the sides), lingual tonsils (covers back surface of tongue)
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passageway for both food and air stratified squamous epithelium continuous with the esophagus and larynx
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3 functions: voice production, open airway, routes air and food in proper channels closed during swallowing, open during breathing superior portion - stratified squamous epithelium; inferior portion - pseudostratified ciliated columnar
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thyroid cartilage - forms laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple) a pair of each: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
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c-shaped cartilage rings keep airway open carina - marks where trachea divides into two primary bronchi pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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Left Primary Bronchi (largest) - divided into superior and inferior lobes Right Primary Bronchi - divided into superior, middle, and inferior lobes
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| bronchioles > terminal bronchioles > respiratory bronchioles > alveolar ducts > alveolar sacs |
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consist of: Type 1 cells and basal laminae, Type 2 cells that secrete surfactant gas-filled air spaces site for free movement of macrophages interconnect by way of alveolar pores
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