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Definition
1.Transport of gases, nutrients and waste products; e.g. oxygen
2.Transport of processed molecules; e.g., precursor of vitamin D from skin to liver then kidneys
3.Transport of regulatory molecules; e.g., hormones
4.Regulation of pH and osmosis (normal pH of most body tissues between 7.35 and 7.45)
5.Maintenance of body temperature; e.g., warm blood shunted to the interior of the body
6.Protection against foreign substances; e.g., antibodies
7.Clot formation |
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Term
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Definition
•Recall that connective tissue consist of cells separated from each other by extracellular matrix.
•Blood – a type of connective tissue consisting of a liquid matrix containing cells and cell fragments
•Plasma is the liquid matrix
•Formed elements are the cells and cell fragments |
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Term
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Definition
•Liquid part of blood
•Pale yellow color
•91% water
•9% other substances
•7% proteins – albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen
•2% other solutes – ions, nutrients, waste products, gases, regulatory substances |
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Term
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Definition
•Albumins: 58% of the plasma proteins; regulates movement of water between tissues and blood; bind and transport molecules in blood (e.g., fatty acids, bilirubin, thyroid hormone)
•Globulins: 38% of plasma proteins; transports lipids, carbohydrates, hormones, ions, antibodies, and involved in immunity
•Fibrinogen: 4% of plasma proteins; responsible for formation of blood clots |
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Definition
•Ions: involved in osmosis, membrane potentials, and acid-base balance
•Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, vitamins
•Waste Products:
•Breakdown products of protein metabolism (e.g., urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia salts)
•Breakdown product of RBCs (bilirubin)
•End product of anaerobic respiration (lactic acid)
•Gases: oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inert nitrogen
•Regulatory substances: hormones, enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
•95% of volume of formed elements is made up of red blood cells, or erythrocytes
•5% of volume of formed elements is made up of
•White blood cells, or leukocytes
•Platelets, or thrombocytes |
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Term
| Production of Formed Elements |
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Definition
•Hematopoiesis: process of blood cell production
•Stem cells: All formed elements derived from single population
•Proerythroblasts: Develop into red blood cells
•Myeloblasts: Develop into basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils
•Lymphoblasts: Develop into lymphocytes
•Monoblasts: Develop into monocytes
•Megakaryoblasts: Develop into platelets |
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Definition
| process of blood cell production |
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Definition
| All formed elements derived from single population |
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Definition
| Develop into red blood cells |
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Definition
•Develop into basophils,
neutrophils, eosinophils |
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Definition
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The presence or absence of different growth factors determines the type of formed element derived from the stem cells and how many are produced. |
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Definition
•Protect body against microorganisms and remove dead cells and debris
•Form a thin, white layer of cells between the plasma and the red blood cells when the components of blood are separated from each other
•Two main types with additional subtypes:
1.Granulocytes- large cytoplasmic granules and lobed nuclei; types include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
2.Agranulocytes – appear to have no granules although they in fact have small granules not easily seen with a light microscope; types include lymphocytes and monocytes |
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Definition
| large cytoplasmic granules and lobed nuclei; types include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
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Definition
| appear to have no granules although they in fact have small granules not easily seen with a light microscope; types include lymphocytes and monocytes |
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Definition
•Neutrophils: Usually first WBCs to response to infection; stay in circulation 10-12 hours then move into other tissues; account for 60-70% of the WBCs.
•Eosinophils: Leave circulation and enter tissues during inflammatory response; prevalent in allergic reactions; destroy inflammatory chemicals like histamine; account for 2-4% of the WBC.
•Basophils: Leave circulation and migrate through tissues; contain large amounts of histamine which they release within tissues to increase inflammation; account for less than 1% of the WBC. |
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Definition
•Usually first WBCs to response to infection; stay in circulation 10-12 hours then move into other tissues; account for 60-70% of the WBCs. |
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Definition
•Leave circulation and enter tissues during inflammatory response; prevalent in allergic reactions; destroy inflammatory chemicals like histamine; account for 2-4% of the WBC. |
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Definition
•Leave circulation and migrate through tissues; contain large amounts of histamine which they release within tissues to increase inflammation; account for less than 1% of the WBC. |
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Definition
•Lymphocytes: produced in red bone marrow but then migrate to lymphatic tissues and proliferates; responsible for antibody production; account for 20-25% of the WBC.
•Monocytes: Leave circulation and become macrophages where they phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments, and other debris; account for 3-8% of the WBC. |
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