Term
| What is the vertical midline feature on the abdominal wall that intersects the umbilicus? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the quadrant system, what is the landmark for the two perpendicular lines? |
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Definition
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Term
In the quadrant system, where is the _______ located?
appendix
liver
stomach |
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Definition
appendix: LRQ
liver: URQ
stomach: ULQ |
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Term
| What is the bony component of the abdominal wall inferiorly? |
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Definition
| The pelvis (ilium, pubis, sacrum) |
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Term
| How many lumbar vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ribs support the posterior abdominal wall posteriorly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the thick fatty layer on the abdominal wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clinical significance of Scarpa’s fascia? |
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Definition
| Forms the wall for a potential space between the superficial fascia of the skin and the underlying abdominal wall. |
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Term
| How do the lateral abdominal muscles compare to the intercostal muscles? |
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Definition
| They are three in number, innervated mostly by thoracic nerves, helps control pressure in body cavity. |
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Term
| What are the collective functions of the abdominal muscles? |
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Definition
| Protection, flex trunk, helps control intra-abdominal pressure. |
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Term
| What is the makeup of the anterior rectus sheath above the arcuate line? |
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Definition
| In general the anterior rectus sheath is composed of the aponeuroses of the external oblique and the internal oblique above the arcaute line, and all three aponeuroses below the arcuate line. The posterior rectus sheath above the arcuate line is composed of the aponeuroses of the transversus abdominis and internal oblique, and below the arcuate line only transverses fascia. |
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Term
| How do the lateral abdominal muscles differ in innervation from the anterior abdominal muscles? |
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Definition
a.The three lateral muscles are innervated by T7-L1
b.The rectus abdominis is supplied by T7-T12. |
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Term
| How do the nerves and vessels reach the rectus abdominis? |
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Definition
| They run between the two inner lateral muscle layers and pierce the rectus sheath laterally. |
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Term
| What makes up the inguinal ligament? |
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Definition
| The thickened lower margin of the external oblique aponeurosis. |
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Term
| What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal? |
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Definition
| External oblique aponeurosis. |
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Term
| What runs through the inguinal canal in the male? The female? |
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Definition
M – Spermatic cord
F – Round ligament |
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Term
| What muscle layer gives rise to the cremasteric fascia? |
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Definition
| Internal oblique, rarely transverses abdominis too. |
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Term
| What is the name given to the testicular vein in the spermatic cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the sperm duct? |
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Definition
| Vas deferens, or ductus deferens. |
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Term
| What is the name of the peritoneal sack located in the scrotum, anterior to the testes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the thick coat of the testes called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure is responsible for storing sperm, once produced by the testes? |
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Definition
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Term
| In performing a vasectomy, what layers are incised to reach the vas deferens? |
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Definition
| Skin, Colles fascia, dartos muscle, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia/muscle, internal spermatic fascia, extraperitoneal fat. |
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Term
| What is the relationship of the hernia neck of a indirect hernia to the inferior epigatric vessels? |
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Definition
| The neck of the indirect hernia lies lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. |
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Term
| What is the most common age groups for occurrence of indirect inguinal hernias? direct? |
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Definition
a.Indirect – Young males: mostly new born and toddlers less than 1 yr of age.
b.Direct – Middle aged to old males, with weak abdominal muscles. |
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Term
| What is the difference between hematocele vs hydrocele? |
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Definition
| The tunica vaginalis contains blood in a hematocele, but peritoneal-like fluid in a hydrocele. |
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Term
| On which side is a varicocele most common found? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patent processes vaginalis is a ready-made path for which type of inguinal hernia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the initial lymphatic drainage of the testes and why is it different from that of the scrotum? |
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Definition
a.Testis lymphatics follow testicular vessels toward the para-aortic (lumbar)
b.Scrotal lymphatics follow external pudendal vessels toward the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
c.Difference due to fact that testes develop high on the posterior abdominal wall and descend into the scrotum, unlike scrotum that develops from anterior abdominal wall. Generally, lymphatics follow the vessels that supply the organ or region. |
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