Term
| What are three types of muscle? |
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Definition
| smooth, cardiac, and skeletal |
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Term
| Which type of muscle is voluntary? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which tw types of muscle striated? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A ringlike band of smoth muscle |
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Term
| Where are sphincters found? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A broad band of connective tissue which support and surround muscles |
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Term
| What type of connective tissue is in a tendon? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many nuclei are in a muscle fiber? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Enlargement of existing muscle fibers |
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Term
| What is the function of a T Tubule? |
|
Definition
| dive deep into the muscle |
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|
Term
| What is the job f myoglobin? |
|
Definition
| binds oxygen molecules that diffuse to muscle fibers |
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|
Term
| What does sarcoplasmic reticulum store? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| A sarcomere is between two ___ discs |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which fillament has golf club heads? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which filament has troponin and tropomyosin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which binds tropomyosin ot troponin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A region where communication occurs between two neurons |
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|
Term
| What neurotransmitter crosses the neuromuscular junction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What rushes into a muscle cell to excite it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three energy sources for muscle? |
|
Definition
| Creatine, Anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration |
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|
Term
| How long does creatine phosphate last as an energy source for muscles? |
|
Definition
| Between 45 and 90 seconds |
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|
Term
| Where does aerobic respiration take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is anaerobic respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does myoglobin store? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A marathon runner wants to increase which type of respiration? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some things which contribute to muscle fatigue? |
|
Definition
| Changes in central nercous system, inadequate release of Ca+ |
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Term
|
Definition
| When stimuli arrive at different times causing larger contractions |
|
|
Term
| How do eye muscle units differ from leg muscle motor units? |
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Definition
| Eyes-10-20 muscle fibers Leg-2000-3000 muscle fibers |
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|
Term
| What is happening during a muscle twitch latent period? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is meant by recruitment? |
|
Definition
| # of active motor units is increased |
|
|
Term
| Why is muscle tone important for posture? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle type has more myoglobin and is therefore dark colored? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is wrong in myasthenia? |
|
Definition
| Chronic progressive damage of the neuromuscular junction |
|
|
Term
| How many times does the heart beat a day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many times does the heart beat a year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mass of tissue that extends from the sternum of the vertebral column between the lungs |
|
|
Term
| Where is the apex in the heart? |
|
Definition
| Anterior, Inferior, and to the left |
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|
Term
| Where is the base of the heart? |
|
Definition
| Posterior, superior, and to the right |
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Term
|
Definition
| Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart |
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|
Term
| What are the four heart chambers? |
|
Definition
| Rt. Atrium, Lt. Atrium. Rt. Ventricle. Lt. Ventricle |
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|
Term
| Where do we find pectinate muscles? |
|
Definition
| Anterior wall of the rt. Atrium |
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|
Term
| Where do we find trabeculae cerneae? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which AV valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which AV valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two semilunar valves? |
|
Definition
| Pulmonic Valve (Rt side) Aortic Valve (Lt. Side) |
|
|
Term
| What is the job of the cordae tendineae? |
|
Definition
| To hold the valve to the papilary muscles |
|
|
Term
| What is the job of the papilary muscles? |
|
Definition
| To hold the cordae tendineae to the muscle around the heart. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the origin or the coronary arteries? |
|
Definition
| Branch from the ascending aorta |
|
|
Term
| Which ventricle is thicker and why? |
|
Definition
| Left. It has to pump long distances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narrowing of heart valve opening that restricts blood flow |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by insuffuency? |
|
Definition
| Failure of a valve to close completely |
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|
Term
| Our left main artery branches into what two large arteries? |
|
Definition
| Anterior interventricular and Circumflex branches |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac vein drains into the coronary ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strangled chest and sever pain |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the term MI? |
|
Definition
| Heart attack with complete obstruction of blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Right atrial wall. (pacemaker) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Septum between two atria bundles through interventricular septum toward apex |
|
|
Term
| Where are the purkinje fibers? |
|
Definition
| Apex toward ventricular myocardium |
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|
Term
| The heart muscle is excited when what rushes in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is happening during a Pwave in an EKG? |
|
Definition
| P= Pacemaker getting excited (atrium) |
|
|
Term
| What is happening during a QRSwave in an EKG? |
|
Definition
| ORS= Ventricles getting excited |
|
|
Term
| What is happening during a Twave in an EKG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes the first heart sound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes the second heart sound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal sound consisting of a clicking, gurgling noise. That may mask normal heart sounds. |
|
|
Term
| What are the five key coronary risk factors? |
|
Definition
| Smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, family history |
|
|
Term
| Which is bad cholesterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is coronary angiography? |
|
Definition
| Catheter used to visualize arteries and inject clot dissolving drugs |
|
|
Term
| What is coronary angioplasty? |
|
Definition
| Baloon squashes plaque against artery wall |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innate/nonspecific defense system |
|
Definition
| Present at birth- immediate general protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| develop in response to contact |
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|
Term
| Job of the lymphatic system |
|
Definition
| circulates bodily fluid, defends the body |
|
|
Term
| Where does the thorasic duct join the blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells mature in the thymus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the body is the thymus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the first line of denfence in the body? |
|
Definition
| skin and mucous membranes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neutrophils and macrophages |
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|
Term
| What are the four signs of inflamation? |
|
Definition
| Red, hot, painful, and swollen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of phagocytes to a site of invading microbes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Foreigner that provokes the immune system |
|
|
Term
| What are the two MHC types? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which MHC is present in all cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which MHC is present in antigens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small protein hormones that stimulate cell functions. "cell messages" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five classes of antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is made first? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is most abundant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is involved with alergic reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classical compliment vs. Alternative compliment? |
|
Definition
| c- starts with antibodies binding to antigen. S- Lipid and carobhydrate complexes interact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dies off after a few days |
|
|
Term
| Secondary immune response? |
|
Definition
| Lasts longer.. 2+ interactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphocyes make antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a vaccine Active or Passive Immunity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does attenuated mean? |
|
Definition
| Weakened or killed microbes in a vaccones to help the body get use to it. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of T Lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which T lymphocyes recognize MHCI (Self) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Growth of new blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Why is angiogenesis important in tumors? |
|
Definition
| Chemicals could be made to stop tumor growth |
|
|
Term
| Which of the three layers of a artery contains smooth muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth muscle contracts, squeezing the vessel wall and narrowing the lumen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smooth muscle relaxes, increase in lumen diameter |
|
|
Term
| Pressure Reservoir of large elastic arteries? |
|
Definition
| store energy for a short period of time while the walls stretch to accomidate blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leaky venous veins- twisted and dialated veins |
|
|
Term
| What are three ways to alter blood pressure? |
|
Definition
| open/close vessels. ADH/Aldosterone. |
|
|
Term
| What part of the brianstem is cardiovascular center? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are chemo and baroreceptors found? |
|
Definition
| aorta, internal arteries (neck /head), arteries (neck/chest) |
|
|
Term
| What do Baroreceptors do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ADH and Aldosteron on Blood Pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heart doing its work- ventricles squeezing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heard relaxing- recoil of arteries |
|
|
Term
| Branches off of the Aortic arch |
|
Definition
| Brachiocephalic, Left common carotid artery, Left Subclavian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fixed Clot- little clot in a thin pipe |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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