Term
| The vast majority of clinical diagnosis come from through these two non-imagery tasks? |
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Definition
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Term
| X-rays are a form of ________ radiation |
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Definition
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Term
| Name three imagery methods that use ionizing radiation. |
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Definition
x-ray
CT
Nuclear Medicine scans |
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Term
| _____ and MRis are examples of imagery modalities that use _____ radiation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the four types of imagery densities and give at least two examples of each. |
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Definition
Air/gas: Stomach, intestines, Lungs
Fat: Breast, Superficial fat or surrounding organs
Water/ soft tissue/organs: solid organs(heart /liver/muscles/cartilage), filled bladder, blood
Bone / metal: ribs, Calcified bone, contrast material, metal - bullet fragments / capped teeth |
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Term
| Approximately half of all radiographic studies done are _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Chest x-rays are taken in which 2 views and why? |
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Definition
PA - posterior anterior
Lateral
Oblique- (if you can't determine from 1st two views) |
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Term
| Name at least three methods/ substances film radiography uses to enhance the images. |
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Definition
Barium swallow/enemia- Gi series
Angiography / Venography (constrast iodine solution)
Technetium -99M: nuclear bone scan |
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Term
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Definition
Catheter inserted into an artery in the groin or by direct puncture and placed into a vessel
INjecting dye into vessel
Iodine metal absorbs x-rays rendering radiopacity (white on negative film at the location of the iodine)
images recorded enhancing vessels of interest |
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Term
| What is the advantage of CT over classical film imagery? |
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Definition
3D rendering of large anatomical regions with increased resolution of soft tissues, fine bone structures
Easy,fast moderately expensive and widely available |
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Term
| What methods are used to enhance CT imagery? |
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Definition
IV contrast
Barium Swallow (oral contrast) |
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Term
| Describe what is found on a normal nuclear medicine bone scan. |
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Definition
-Bone is a living tissue and is constantly being remodeled so a light background of tracer deposition is normal over all the bones of the skeleton. In areas of high impact and constant movement such as joints a greater amount of deposition of tracer is seen. Tracer is also excreted from the kidney so the kidneys and urinary bladder also shows "normal" enhancement on bone scan.
-Bright spots at site of injection, urinary bladder
-Should have fairly equal coloring of all bones in body |
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Term
| What processes would you expect to show enhanced uptake of tracer on nuclear bone scan? |
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Definition
Where a bone is broken
Where a lot of pressure is applied to bone
Where bones are being turned over quickly
Metastatic bone cancer |
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Term
| What are the advantages/limitations of US? |
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Definition
Advantages:
-Harmless- no exposure to ionizing radiation
-Quick
-Less expensive
-Reliable for screening purposes
Limitations:
-Difficult to read
-Less resolution than CT
-Limited to areas not blocked by bone or filled with air |
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Term
| What are some indications for the use of MRI? |
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Definition
-Brain disease - white matter disease , infarction
-infections
-Soft tissues injuries that produce edema
-Abdomen and pelvc tumors
-Spine and spinal cord |
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Term
| What are some contraindications for MRI? |
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Definition
Ferrous containing objects
--Surgically implanted or metallic objects
--Brain aneurysm clips
Cardiac pacemakers
Implanted medication pumps
Implanted nerve stimulating devices
Intrauterine device |
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Term
| On T1 weighted MRI what tissue in general is displayed as bright white? |
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Definition
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Term
| CSF and edma are best visualized as enhanced signal (bright white) using _____ weighted MRI. |
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Definition
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Term
| The susceptibility of modern imagery that can directly treat disease through minimally invasive percutaneous access to internal structures is _______ radiology. |
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Definition
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