Term
| Typically, how many vertebrae are there in the human vertebral column? |
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Definition
| 33 (C=7, T=12, L=5, S=5, Cx = 4) |
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Term
| How many vertebrae are there in the cervical region? Lumbar region? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the vertebrae of C1/C2 differ from typical vertebrae? |
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Definition
Atlas – Ring-like and No spinous process or body
Axis- Dens projects superiorly |
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Term
| How do the vertebra that makeup the sacrum differ from typical vertebrae? |
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Definition
They are fused together
Have foramena for the dorsal and ventral primary rami |
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Term
| What are the components of typical vertebrae? |
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Definition
Body
Transverse processes
Spinous process
Pedicle
Lamina
Articular processes with facet joints (superior and inferior) |
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Term
| The motor neurons responsible for voluntary skeletal muscle movements lie in what part of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Ventral root and horn of the gray matter |
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Term
| Where are the sensory neurons associated with peripheral nerves located? |
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Definition
| Dorsal root, ganglion, dorsal horn |
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Term
| Intercostal nerves are examples of which particular division of a peripheral (somatic) nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| The intrinsic muscles of the back are supplied by what specific division of a somatic nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two areas of the spinal cord are grossly larger than the rest, and why? |
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Definition
Cervical enlargement (C4-T1) and Lumbosacral (lumbar) enlargement (L1-S3)
Beginning location of the brachial and lumbar/sacral plexus which innervate the arm or leg, respectively |
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Term
| The most common site for a herniated disc is found at what spinal cord level? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the adult the spinal cord usually ends at what vertebral body level? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the collection of spinal nerve roots found past the end of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two derivatives of the pia mater? |
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Definition
Denticulate ligaments (2) to separate the dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves
Filum terminale – extension off end of spinal cord, attaches at coccyx |
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Term
| What is found in the subarachnoid space? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a cerebral artery ruptures, where is the blood found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is found in the epidural space? |
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Definition
| Fat, veins (venous plexus) |
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Term
| When doing a spinal tap to sample the CSF, what is the last meningeal layer that the needle should pierce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bony landmark is used to locate the appropriate vertebral level for doing a spinal tap? |
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Definition
| Iliac crest at the spinous process of L4 |
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Term
| The most common place to insert a needle to do a spinal tap is between the spinous process of which vertebra? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the arterial supply to the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Spinal branches off aorta and spinal branches off the vertebral arteries |
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Term
| In a caudal epidural anesthesia the cannula is placed up which foramen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve innervates the trapezius muscle? |
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Definition
| Cranial nerve XI (Spinal Accessory) |
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Term
| What is the function of the latissimus dorsi? |
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Definition
| Internal rotation, Adduction, Extension – “toilet paper” muscle |
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Term
| What is the general function of the serratus posterior muscles? |
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Definition
| Accessory respiratory muscle – aid in breathing and moving the rib cage |
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Term
| How does the innervation of the erector spinae differ from the intermediate and superficial back muscles? |
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Definition
Erector spinae is innervated from the dorsal primary rami of the mid-thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves, an immediate extension of the spinal nerve at the root
The others are by ventral primary rami |
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