Term
| What forms the medial wall of the axilla? the anterior wall? |
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Definition
Medial – serratus anterior and thoracic wall
Anterior – pectoralis major and minor |
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Term
| At what anatomic landmark does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest branch of the axillary artery? What are its two major branches? |
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Definition
Subscapular Artery
Scapular circumflex artery & Thoracodorsal artery |
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Term
| To insure survival of the upper limb (especially the hand) where can the axillary artery be ligated during an emergency procedure following a traumatic bullet-induced tear in the axillary artery just below the clavicle? |
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Definition
| Apply pressure at the lateral border of the first rib in the angle between the clavicle and the attachment of the SCM (anywhere proximal to subscapular artery |
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Term
| What cord of the brachial plexus lies deep to the axillary artery? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name three nerves derived from the posterior cord. |
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Definition
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Subscapular nerves (upper and lower)
Thorocodorsal |
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Term
| What is the “M” of the brachial plexus? |
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Definition
___ musculocutaneous
< median
___ ulnar |
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Term
| What component of the brachial plexus supplies the flexor region of the arm? |
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Definition
| Upper roots to make up the Musculocutaneous – biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis |
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Term
| What muscle group in the arm is innervated by the median nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscle group in the arm is innervated by the radial nerve? |
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Definition
| Posterior compartments – triceps brachii |
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Term
| Where is the radial nerve in the arm most vulnerable to trauma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three muscles attach to the corocoid process of the scapula? |
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Definition
Pectoralis minor
Short head of biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis |
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Term
| What is the name for the most common upper brachial plexus injury? |
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Definition
Duchenne-Erb’s Paralysis
Due to stretching or tearing of C5-C7
Shoulder is pushed down and head is laterally flexed away from shoulder being depressed
Results in “tip taking” posture
Shoulder adducted and extended, forearm pronated, wrist flexed |
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Term
| What motions are lost that cause the final positioning of the upper limb in Duchenne-Erb's Paralysis? |
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Definition
| Elbow flexion, external rotation, supination |
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Term
| What are the likely circumstances which cause upper brachial plexus injuries? |
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Definition
Fall on neck/shoulder from a height that increases angle
Birth – head being pulled too far to the side during delivery |
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Term
| What is the name of the highest axillary lymph nodes within the axilla? |
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Definition
| Apical axillary lymph nodes |
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Term
| How does lymph from the axilla enter the circulation? |
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Definition
| The large veins in the root of the neck – near junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins |
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