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| do neuroanatomists use the CAT scan convention? |
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| cervical spinal cord characteristics |
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| thoracic spinal cord characteristics |
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| lumbar spinal cord characteristics |
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| sacral spinal cord characteristics |
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Lumbar and sacral Less white matter
Big horns for the lower limb
[image] |
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| peaks of white and grey matter |
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at C6- cervical enlargement and L5- lumbar enlargement
-Large Amount of Gray Matter Where the Limbs Are Involved C5 to T1 and L4 to S2 |
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| T/F Ventral horn cells are organized in nuclei based on the muscles they supply. |
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| Three Main Pathways for Sensation From the Body |
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1. Discriminative touch, vibration, joint position
2. Pain and temperature
3. Muscle length and tension |
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| Ascending (Sensory) Pathways |
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| Dorsolateral (dorsal column), Anterolateral (spinothalamic) , Spinocerebellar tracts |
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| Dorsolateral (dorsal column) |
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joint position, discriminative touch, vibration
-Conscious sensation (projects to the cortex) |
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| Anterolateral (spinothalamic) |
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pain, temperature, and diffuse touch
-Conscious sensation (projects to the cortex) |
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muscle length (muscle spindles) and tendon tension (Golgi tendon organs)
-Unconscious sensation (projects to the cerebellum) |
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Ascending (Sensory) Pathways
[image] |
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| control over individual motor units |
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| a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls |
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| Reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts |
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| bilateral control of trunk and postural muscles for balance and gait |
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the Spinal Nerve Into the Vertebral Canal and Branch to Follow the Dorsal and Ventral Roots
[image] |
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supplied by branches of vertebral artery
[image] |
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Posterior Spinal Artery Supplies...
Anterior Spinal Artery Supplies..... |
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posterior- Dorsal Columns
anterior- Gray Matter and Corticospinal Tract
[image] |
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| if you have an Occlusion of a major branch of the anterior spinal artery |
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in the subarachnoid space
[image] |
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| where is a lumbar puncture done |
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| T/F The anterior spinal artery in the cervical region receives a large bilateral supply from the vertebral artery. |
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| T/F The dorsal columns are supplied by the anterior spinal artery. |
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| T/F The best place to perform a lumbar puncture is between L2 and L3. |
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| types of axonal degeneration following injury |
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So let's think now about how that might reveal itself in a spinal cord injury case here. This is a special stain for anterograde degeneration. So unlike the previous slides that we've looked at where we see a dark region such as here, it tells us that the axons running in that region are degenerated. And they're degenerated because they're not connected to their cell body anymore.
So we see here now that this region here, as we recall, is the corticospinal tract. And what this implies is that somewhere along the corticospinal tract, these axons have been damaged and are now undergoing degeneration. By contrast, if we look up here in the sensory region in the dorsal columns, we see that these axons are largely intact. And that's because they're supplied by cell bodies of neurons, which are, in this case, probably below the region of injury and are therefore intact.
So in this case, the injury has been somewhere superior to this image and the descending fibers here have been interrupted, but the fibers ascending from below are still intact. So the answer here then is that the superior fibers coming up from the corticospinal tract are damaged, but the inferior fibers coming up from below are still intact. So the answer here is that based on the pattern here, the injury is superior to this image. |
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A Telencephalon
D Parasympathetic/sympathetic/enteric
C Motor
B Mylencephalon |
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