Term
|
Definition
| the ileum has thinner walls, shorter vasa recta, more mesenteric fat & more arterial arcades |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Posterior duodenal ulcers erode into the gastroduodenal artery or the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
-Can cause hemorrhage - > death.
-Tx: surgical ligation of the vessels
-Anteriorduodenal ulcers erode into the peritoneal cavity -> peritonitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Examines the bowel lumen by having the pt swallow Barium sulfate and then uses S-Ray fluoroscopy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Examination of the bowel wall & extrinsic masses using a flexible camera. Bleeding areas are cauterized or injected with drugs to stop it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Distal end of the ileum to the anus. -Absorbs fluids & salts.
-Consists of: cecum, appendix, colon (ascending, transverse and descending), rectum, & anal canal
-Colon has a large diameter & the peritoneal has fat accumulations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-First part of the large intestine
-Continuous w/ the ascending colon at the entrance of the ileum & usually in contact w/ the anterior abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Has large aggregations of lymphoid tissue
~Base is at the junction of the lateral & middle 1/3 of a line from the ASIS to the umbilicus (McBurney’s point) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Usually occurs when the appendix is obstructed (bacteria grow & invade the appendix)
-After 6-10 hours the pain localizes in the right iliac fossa & becomes constant.
-Pt’s may get temp, nausea, & vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-The ascending & descending segments are retroperitoneal & the transverse & sigmoid segments are intraperitoneal
-Major vessels & lymphatic are on the medial & posteromedial sides of the ascending & descending colon a relatively blood free mobilization of the ascending & descending coon is possible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
largest visceral organ in the body. In the right hypochondrium & epigastric regions. It extends into the left upper quadrant
-Has diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces |
|
|
Term
| Diaphragmatic Surface of Liver |
|
Definition
| Lies against the inferior surface of the diaphragm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Divides the liver into right & left
-Helps attach diaphragm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Separates the diaphragmatic surface from the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On the right side b/t the liver & the right adrenal gland |
|
|
Term
| Visceral Surface of Liver |
|
Definition
•Right anterior part of the stomach
•Superior part of the duodenum
•Lesser omentum
•Gallbladder
•Right colic flexure
•Right transverse colon
•Right kidney
•Right adrenal gland
•Porta hepatis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Entry point of the hepatic arteries & portal vein & exit for hepatic ducts |
|
|
Term
| Ligaments that connect liver to diaphragm |
|
Definition
| Right & left triangular ligaments & anterior/posterior coronary ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Right & left lobes
-Quadrate lobe
-Caudate lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Anterior
-Visible on the upper part of visceral surface related to the left lobe of the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Posterior lobe
-Visible on the lower part of the visceral surface
-Separate from left or right lobes |
|
|
Term
| Metabolic Functions of Liver |
|
Definition
| Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism |
|
|
Term
| Sugar metabolism in liver |
|
Definition
| Stored as glycogen, converted to glucose, used to make fats |
|
|
Term
| Protein metabolism in liver |
|
Definition
| Synthesized from amino acids; ammonia made into urea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oxidized for energy, synthesized, packaged into lipoproteins |
|
|
Term
| Drug and hormone metabolism in liver |
|
Definition
–Biotransformation into water-soluble forms
–Detoxification or inactivation |
|
|
Term
| Other metabolic activities in liver |
|
Definition
Bile production
Clotting Proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• B/t the right & quadrate lobes
-Concentrates bile that is formed in the liver
-Head, body, tail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Right + left hepatic ducts = common hepatic duct –> descends toward gallbladder.
• Cystic duct (from the gallbladder) + common hepatic duct =common bile duct
• Bile duct + pancreatic duct (@ the Hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater} enter the descending part of the duodenum passing through the sphincter of Oddi.
• At this papilla, it goes from foregut (celiac trunk) to midgut (superior mesenteric) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common patient: 3 F's-female fat and forty
• If the stone lodges in the neck or bile duct the gallbladder cannot empty normally & contractions produce severe pain. Sometimes the pain may be referred to the shoulder on the right side b/c of the innervation of the visceral peritoneum by C3-C5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crystalized cholesterol vs. Pigment (calcium salts - firm, but can be broken up) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Pre-hepatic: Excessive breakdown of red blood cells (bilirubin is the end product of heme degradation)
•Hepatic jaundice: inability to conjugate fat soluble into water soluble bilirubin
•Post hepatic: jaundice Obstruction of the bile ducts common causes are gallstones or a tumor at the head of the pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Extends from the duodenum on the right to the spleen on the left
-Retroperitoneal except for a small part of the tail
-The pancreatic duct begins in the tail & passes to the right through the body of the pancreas
-Pancreatic duct joins the bile duct forms the hepatopancreatic ampulla or ampulla of Vater
-Accessory pancreatic duct empties into the duodenum just above the major duodenal papilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Normal Pancreatic Development: develops from the ventral & dorsal diverticula of the foregut. Dorsal bud forms the head, neck & body of pancreas. The ventral bud forms part of the head & the uncinate process. If the ventral bud becomes bifid, segments may encircle the duodenum.
-After birth the child may fail to thrive & vomit due to poor gastric emptying.
-Pancreas encircles the vasculature. Embryologic. Can = duodenal obstruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Near ribs 9 and 10 (L hypochondrium of the abdomen)
-Connected to the left kidney by the splenorenal ligament; connected to the stomach by the gastrosplenic ligament.
-Splenic hilum is the entry point for the splenic vessels
-Spleen has upper & lower lobe. May not always connect or may have spleen parts in abd/pelvic cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Blunt trauma – emergency b/c of it’s blood supply = hemorrhagic.
• Splenic enlargement in diseases & infections. (Ex. leukemia, lymphoma)
• Spleen is a bag of blood- gets rid of old, dying rbc. Can also be hematopoietic tissue in a pinch. |
|
|
Term
| Abdominal Aorta Anterior Branches |
|
Definition
| Supply GI viscera, celiac trunk & superior/inferior mesenteric arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal esophagus, stomach, duodenum superior to the major papilla, liver, pancreas & gall bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Left Gastric Artery, Right Gastric Artery, Splenic Artery, and Common Hepatic Artery |
|
|
Term
| Left/Right Gastric Artery |
|
Definition
| supplies esophagus and surface of the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supplies spleen and pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Feeds into hepatic artery proper -> divides into right & left hepatic arteries |
|
|
Term
| Superior Mesenteric Artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Duodenum inferior to the major duodenal papilla, jejunum, ileum, cecum appendix, ascending colon & right 2/3 of the transverse colon |
|
|
Term
| Branches of Superior Mesentery Artery |
|
Definition
| inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, Jejunal & Ileal |
|
|
Term
| Middle, right & ileocolic arteries |
|
Definition
| Supply terminal ileum, cecum, ascending and 2/3 of the transverse colon |
|
|
Term
| Inferior Mesenteric Artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Left 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum & upper anal canal |
|
|
Term
| Inferior Mesenteric Artery Branches |
|
Definition
•left colic artery
•sigmoid arteries
•superior rectal artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -spleen, pancreas, gallbladder & the GI tract (except inferior rectum). Everything goes through the liver for detox, lipid/protein creation. Then feeds into Inferior Vena Cava |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Splenic and superior mesenteric veins |
|
|
Term
| Tributaries of Portal Vein |
|
Definition
–Right and left gastric veins
–Cystic veins
–Para-umbilical veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drains rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon & splenic flexure |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of Abdominal Cavity |
|
Definition
•Visceral efferents are part of the sympathetic & parasympathetic ANS
•Sympathetic trunks & Splanchnic nerves
•Parasympathetic fibers (pelvic ganglia & the vagus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Two parallel nerve cords extending on either side of the vertebral column from the base of the skull to the coccyx (chain ganglion)
•3 in cervical region
•12 in the thoracic region
•4 in the lumbar
•4or 5 in the sacral region
•Ganglion impart in the coccyx
•Neuronal fibers found in the sympathetic trunks include preganglionic & postganglionic sympathetic fibers & visceral afferent fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Pass from the sympathetic trunk or sympathetic ganglia associated with the trunk
-Three types: thoracic, lumbar, and sacral |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves |
|
Definition
| Carry preganglionic sympathetic fibers from sympathetic trunk in thorax to ganglia in the prevertebral plexus and ganglia associated with abdominal aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (5-9 thoracic ganglia) -> celiac ganglion in the abd (prevertebral ganglion associated w/ the celiac trunk) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (9th & 10th or 10th & 11th thoracic ganglia) -> aortiocorenal ganglion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (12th thoracic ganglion) -> renal plexus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (L2-L4) pass from the lumbar sympathetic trunk & enter the prevertebral plexus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pass from the sacral sympathetic trunk & enter the inferior hypogastric plexus |
|
|
Term
| Abdominal Prevertebral Plexus and Ganglia |
|
Definition
| •A collection of nerve fibers (most postganglionic sympathetic) that surround the abdominal aorta (& branches) - Some of the cell bodies form ganglia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A/w roots of the celiac trunk & superior mesenteric artery
ganglia a/w the celiac plexus are: celiac, superior mesenteric and aorticorenal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-nerve fibers on the anterior & lateral surface of the abdominal aorta
-below the superior mesenteric artery, at the bifurcation of the aorta into the common iliac arteries
-Major ganglion: inferior mesenteric |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Roots of Pelvic Splanchnic nerves |
|
Definition
carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the S2-S4 spinal nerves to the inferior hypogastric or pelvic plexus.
~ Innervation of distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon & sigmoid colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Local neuronal circuit in the wall of the GI tract
-Regulates Gastric secretory activity, blood flow & peristalsis
-Motor and Sensory neurons organized into two interconnected plexuses
–Myenteric
–Submucosal (auerbach’s plexus)
-Enteric is the small post ganglionic cells |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Innervation of Abdomen |
|
Definition
| By vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Abdominal Wall Bones |
|
Definition
-Lumbar vertebrae, Sacrum and Coccyx
Ribs:
-11 and 12
-Rib 11 is posterior to the superior part of the left kidney
-rib 12 is posterior to the superior part of both kidneys |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles |
|
Definition
Psoas Major/Minor
Quadratus Lumborum
Iliacus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: transverse process of L-Spine & sides of bodies of T12-L5
I: Lesser trochanter if femur
Nerve: Lumbar plexus (L2-L4 central branches)
Function: hip flexion, vertebral column flexion, trunk balance (sitting), trunk flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: 12th rib (medial, inferior boarder) & tips of lumbar transverse processes
I: Illiolumar ligament & iliac crest
Nerve: Ventral branches T12 & L1-L4
Function: Flexion/Extension vertebral column; fixes 12th rib during inspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Superior 2/3 iliac fossa, ala of sacrum & anterior sacroiliac ligaments
I: Lesser trochanter & shaft of femur and psoas major tendon
N: femoral nerve
Function: flexes/stabilizes hip joint along with psoas major |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•4-5 in long, 2-3 in wide, 1 in thick
•Found just above the waist b/t the peritoneum & posterior wall of abdomen
•retroperitoneal (along with adrenal glands & ureters)
•Protected by 11th & 12th ribs with right kidney lower
•Superior to the kidneys is the adrenal gland. – dented side of kidney is hilum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transparent membrane maintains kidney shape- protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protects kidney from trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense, irregular connective tissue that holds against back body wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protective covering all over kidney |
|
|
Term
| Internal Anatomy of Kidney |
|
Definition
| •Consists of cortex, medulla, pyramids, papillae, columns, calyces, & pelves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Functional unit of kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Functional portion of kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superficial layer of kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inner portion consisting of 8-18 cone-shaped renal pyramids separated by renal columns
-renal papilla point toward center of kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Fills renal sinus cavity
-cuplike structure (minor calyces) collect urine from the papillary ducts of the papilla
-minor & major calyces empty into the renal pelvis which empties into the ureter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B/t iliac crest & gluteal fold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"I, I Get Laid on Fridays"
-Iliohypogastric [L1]
-Ilioinguinal [L1]
-Genitofemoral [L1, L2]
-Lateral femoral cutaneous [L2, L3]
-Obtruator [L2, L3, L4]
-Femoral [L2, L3, L4] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spare TIRE
-Transversus Abdominis
-Internal Abdominal Oblique
-Rectus Abdominis
-External Abdominal Oblique |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 B4U
-Bifurcation of aorta
-Umbilicus |
|
|
Term
| Retroperitoneal Structures |
|
Definition
SAD PUCKER:
- Suprarenal glands
- Aorta & IVC
- Duodenum (half)
- Pancreas
- Ureters
- Colon (ascending & descending)
- Kidneys
- Esophagus (anterior & left covered)
- Rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MEAT LOAF
Lumbricals (1&2)
Opponens Pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dow Jones Industrial Climbing Average Closing Stock Report
-Duodenum
-Jejunum
-Ileum
-Cecum
-Appendix
-Colon
-Sigmoid
-Rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Thin plates of bone that form a latticework
-Oriented along lines of stress
-Spaces in between struts are filled with red marrow
-Found in ends of long bones and inside flat bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where blood cell production occurs in bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Found over joint surfaces of growing bones
-Acts as friction reducer & shock absorber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marrow cavity in long bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -In liver and bone tissue |
|
|
Term
| What does IGF stimulate osteoblasts to do? |
|
Definition
| -Promote cell division at epiphyseal plate in periosteum |
|
|
Term
| What does IGF do in protein synthesis? |
|
Definition
| -Enhances synthesis necessary to produce response to hGH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Embryo stem cells that act as blueprint for all tissue development |
|
|
Term
| Intramembranous ossification |
|
Definition
| Formation of bone directly from or within fibrous connective tissue membranes. |
|
|
Term
| Endochondrial ossification |
|
Definition
| Formation of bone from hyaline cartilage models. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Made up of layers:
-Epidermis
-Dermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Superficial portion of the skin -Epithelial tissue
-No blood vessels or lymphatics
-Supplied with afferent nerve endings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Deep layer of the skin
-Composed of:
-Connective tissue (collagen and elastic fibers)
-Hair follicles
-Sebaceous glands (part of sweat glands)
-Capillary beds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Subcutaneous layer
-Deep to the dermis
-NOT a part of the skin
-Consists:
-Areolar/adipose tissue
-Sweat glands
-Blood vessels
-Lymphatic vessels
-Nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Fat storage
-Blood vessel passage
-Area of pressure-sensing nerve endings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Small fibrous bands
-Length/density of ligaments determines skin mobility
-Longer/sparse skin ligaments=more mobile (back of hand)
-Short and abundant skin ligaments are firmer and attached to the underlying deep fascia (palms and soles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Wrapping, packing, and the insulating material of the deep structures of the body
-Underlies the subcutaneous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Dense and organized connective tissue devoid of fat
-Never passes freely over bone
-Blends with periosteum
-Works with contracting muscles and venous valves to create a musculovenous pump to return blood to the heart
-Forms retinaculum to hold tendons in place near joints, wrist and ankle the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Extension from deep fascia
-Covers individual muscles and neurovascular bundles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lies between the internal surfaces of the musculoskeletal walls and the serous membranes lining the body cavities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small blood vessels that supply blood to the cells of the walls of the arteries and veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Tunica interna (intima)
-Tunica media
-Tunica externa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Made up of endothelium
-Creates basement membrane and internal elastic lamina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made up of circular smooth muscle & elastic fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made up of elastic & collagen fibers |
|
|
Term
| Elastic/conducting arteries |
|
Definition
-Large arteries
-More elastic fibers/less smooth muscle
-Able to receive blood under pressure and propel it onward
-Conduct blood from the heart to medium sized muscular arteries
-Function as a pressure reservoir |
|
|
Term
| Muscular arteries (distributing arteries) |
|
Definition
-Medium-sized arteries with more muscle than elastic fibers in the tunica media
-Capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation to adjust rate of flow
-Walls are relatively thick
-Direct blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Communication between multiple branches of an artery
-Detours for blood flow in case the usual pathway is obstructed
-Provides collateral circulation that ensures blood supply to structures distal to the blockage
-Areas where collateral circulation does not exist (terminal arteries)
-True terminal arteries supply the retina ( blindness) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Proportionally thinner walls than same diameter artery
-Consist of the same three tunics as arteries
-Thinner tunica interna/media
-Thicker tunica externa
-Less elastic tissue and smooth muscle
-Thinner-walled than arteries
-Contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood
-Made up of thin folds of tunica interna
-Tunica media contain less muscle
-Lack external & internal elastic lamina
-Adaptable to variations in volume & pressure |
|
|
Term
| Vascular (venous) sinuses |
|
Definition
| -Veins with very thin walls and no smooth muscle to alter their diameters -Ex)Brain’s superior sagittal sinus and the coronary sinus of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Tunica media contains only a few smooth muscle cells & scattered fibroblasts
-Very porous endothelium allows for escape of many phagocytic white blood cells
-Venules that approach size of veins more closely resemble structure of vein |
|
|
Term
| Components of lymphatic system |
|
Definition
-Plexuses
-Vessels
-Lymph Nodes
-Lymphocytes
-Tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Formed from the exiting vessels of lymph nodes
Trunks include:
-Lumbar
-Intestinal
-Bronchomediastinal
-Subclavian
-Jugular trunks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Begins the cisterna chyli
-Main collecting duct of the lymphatic system
-Body except for right side head, arm and chest empty into duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dilation that begins thoracic duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Created by uniting of lymph vessels
-Lymph is dumped directly into left & right subclavian veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drains lymph from right side head, arm & chest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells in a primary tumor develop the ability to escape and travel in the blood or lymphatic system |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
|
Definition
-Located between the pia and the arachnoid
-80-50 ml of CSF surround brain/spinal cord
-CSF is changed 3-4 times a day
-400-500ml produced/absorbed by body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Delicate membrane that loosely covers brain
Passes over sulci
Enters cerebral longitudinal and transverse fissures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Project into sinuses of dura mater, -Where CSF diffuses into bloodstream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Found between layers of dura
-Created by dural infoldings
-Invagination of meningeal layer of dura
-Endothelial lined
-Venous channels
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Closely invests brain surface
-Can invaginate into ventricles to take part in the formation of choroid plexus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4 ventricles that contain specialized cells that create CSF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Towards body
-Convey impulses from the CNS to effector organs and muscles (General Somatic Efferents) |
|
|
Term
| General Somatic Afferent nerves (GSA) |
|
Definition
Convey from skin:
-Pain, temperature, touch, and pressure
From muscles/tendons/joints:
-Proprioception
-Combined with vestibular system |
|
|
Term
| General Somatic Efferent nerves (GSE) |
|
Definition
| Impulses to skeletal voluntary muscles |
|
|
Term
| General Visceral Afferent nerves (GVA) |
|
Definition
| Convey info on pain, distension, blood gas, and blood pressure to brain |
|
|
Term
| General Visceral Efferent nerves (GVE) |
|
Definition
| Conveys impulses to involuntary muscle in glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Sites where motor and sensory fibers of a spinal nerve are separated in the posterior and anterior roots
-Where the surgeon can selectively section either function for the relief of pain or spastic paralysis |
|
|
Term
| Compression of the vaso nervorum |
|
Definition
-Prolonged ischemia
-"Saturday night syndrome"
-Intoxicated person passes out with limb dangling or sleeps on a limb -Causes serious, permanent paresthesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus and brain stem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cell body in brain or spinal cord
-Axon is myelinated type B fiber that extends to autonomic ganglion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cell body lies outside the CNS in an autonomic ganglion
-Axon is unmyelinated type C fiber that terminates in a visceral effector |
|
|
Term
Prevertebral ganglia
Collateral ganglia |
|
Definition
| Lie anterior to the spinal column and close to large abdominal arteries |
|
|
Term
Sympathetic trunk
Vertebral chain
Paravertebral ganglia |
|
Definition
-Synonyms
-Lies in a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Terminal/intramural ganglia
-Located very close to or actually within the wall of a visceral organ
-Ex) ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, otic ganglia |
|
|
Term
| Structure of sympathetic NS |
|
Definition
-Thoracolumbar
-Rami communicantes
-Sympathetic chain ganglia along the spinal column
-Prevertebral ganglia at a distance from spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Preganglionic cell bodies at T1 to L2
-Part of sympathetic NS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Myelinated, preganglionic fibers of sympathetic CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unmyelinated, postganglionic fibers of sympathetic CNS |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic preganglionic fibers |
|
Definition
-Pass to sympathetic trunk
-Connect to postganglionic neurons in the following ways:
-Synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches.
-Ascend or descend to a higher of lower ganglion before synapsing with postganglionic neurons
-Continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to a prevertebral ganglion where it synapses with the postganglionic neuron. |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers |
|
Definition
| Synapse with postganglionic neurons in the terminal ganglia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sympathetic fibers go out same level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sympathetic fibers go up chain and up spinal nerve |
|
|
Term
| Collateral ganglion route |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic fibers go out splanchnic nerve to collateral ganglion |
|
|
Term
| Each spinal nerve in sympathetic nervous system innervates: |
|
Definition
| Sweat glands, arrector pili muscle, blood vessels to skin & skeletal muscle. |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic & cranial plexuses supply: |
|
Definition
-Heart, lungs, esophagus & thoracic blood vessels
-Plexus around carotid artery to head structures |
|
|
Term
| Splanchnic nerves to prevertebral ganglia supply: |
|
Definition
| GI tract from stomach to rectum, urinary & reproductive organs |
|
|
Term
| Intermediolateral cell column |
|
Definition
| -Constitutes the lateral horn of gray matter of spinal cord segments T1-L2 -Consists of cell bodies of presynaptic neurons |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic supply to medulla of adrenal gland |
|
Definition
-Secretory cells are postsynaptic
-The neurotransmitters produced by
medullary cells are released into the Bloodstream to produce widespread Sympathetic responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Sympathetic neurons that lack axons or dendrites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Made up of:
Four pairs of ganglia and the plexuses associated with the vagus (X) nerve |
|
|
Term
| Sacral parasympathetic outflow |
|
Definition
-Consists of preganglionic axons in the anterior roots of S2-S4
-Forms pelvic splanchnic nerve |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Sacral Nerves |
|
Definition
-Form pelvic splanchnic nerves
-Preganglionic fibers end on terminal ganglia in walls of target organs
-Innervate smooth muscle and glands in colon, ureters, bladder & reproductive organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Dominance caused by physical or emotional stress
-“E situations”
emergency, embarrassment, excitement, exercise
Causes:
-Dilation of pupils
-Increase of heart rate, force of contraction & BP
-Decrease in blood flow to nonessential organs
-Increase in blood flow to skeletal & cardiac muscle
-Airways dilate & respiratory rate increases
-Blood glucose level increase |
|
|
Term
| Neurotransmitter in sympathetic system |
|
Definition
NE:
-Causes long lasting sympathetic response
-Lingers in synaptic gap
-Released by the adrenal gland |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Responses |
|
Definition
-Enhance “rest-and-digest” activities
-Mechanisms that help conserve and restore body energy during times of rest
-Normally dominate over sympathetic impulses
-SLUDD type responses = salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion & defecation and 3 “decreases”--- decreased HR, diameter of airways and diameter of pupil
-Paradoxical fear when there is no escape route or no way to win
causes massive activation of parasympathetic division
-loss of control over urination and defecation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Concerned with positioning and moving the limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Concerned with moving or maintaining the position of the axial skeleton (posture) |
|
|
Term
| Movements of spinal column: |
|
Definition
-Extension/flexion
-Lateral flexion
-Rotation
-Circumduction |
|
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Term
|
Definition
C1-C7
In neck
Develops as child starts to hold head erect |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L1-L5
Lower back
Develops as child starts to walk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Anteriorly convex
Posteriorly concave |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Anteriorly concave
Posteriorly convex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anteriorly convex
Posteriorly concave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anteriorly concave
Posteriorly convex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Form strong joints between adjacent vertebrae
-Permit various movements of the vertebral column
-Absorb vertical shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Body
-Weight bearing
Vertebral arch made up of:
-Pedicles
-Laminae
Vertebral foramen
Seven processes
-2 transverse
-1 spinous
-4 articular
Vertebral notches |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Filled with fat, areolar connective tissue, and blood vessels.
-Surrounds spinal cord |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| All vertebral foramen together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 vertebral notches together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Primarily afflicts elderly patients -Caused by degenerative changes that result in enlargement of the facet joints.
-Enlarged joints place pressure on the nerves
-Pressure may be effectively relieved with a lumbar laminectomy |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Open decompression
-Surgical procedure performed to alleviate pain caused by neural impingement.
-Surgery designed to remove a small portion of the bone over the nerve root and/or disc material from under the nerve root
-Gives the nerve root more space and a better healing environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Back is approached through a 2-5 inch long incision in the midline of the back
-The left and right back muscles (erector spinae) are dissected off the lamina on both sides and at multiple levels
-After the spine is approached, the lamina is removed (laminectomy) which allows visualization of the nerve roots
-Facet joints, which are directly over the nerve roots, may then be undercut (trimmed) to give the nerve roots more room.
-Post-operatively, patients are in the hospital for one to three day
-Pt's mobilization is largely dependent on his/her pre-operative condition and age
-Directly following the procedure, patients are encouraged to walk -Patients should avoid excessive bending, lifting or twisting for six weeks to avoid pulling on the suture line before it heals |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Foramen in each transverse process
-Vertebral body is short in height
-Spinous process is bifid
-Vertebral foramen is triangular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-C1
-Articulates with the skull
-No vertebral body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-C2
-Has a dens to act as a pivot
-Allows the atlas and head to rotate |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic Vertebrae Rib articulation |
|
Definition
-All articulate with ribs
-Superior and inferior costal facets
-Articulate with head of the rib above and head of the rib below
-Transverse process has a face for articulation with the tubercle of its own rib |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Larger and stronger bodies than cervical
-Longer transverse & spinous processes
-Facets or demifacets on body for head of rib
-Facets on transverse processes (T1-T10) for tubercle of rib |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Largest and strongest
-Transverse processes thin and long -Spinous process short, thick and point down
-Support back musculature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Fusion occurs by age 30
-Median sacral crest was spinous processes
-Sacral ala is fused transverse processes
-Sacral canal ends at sacral hiatus
-Auricular surface & sacral tuberosity of SI joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
-Fusion by age 30
-No vertebral canal |
|
|
Term
| Caudal/epidural anesthesia |
|
Definition
-During delivery
-Injected into sacral hiatus -Anesthetizes sacral & coccygeal nerves
-Sacral and coccygeal cornu are important landmarks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Involved with movement of upper limbs and thoracic wall
-Innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Deep
-Innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves
-Support and move the vertebral column -Participate in moving the head |
|
|
Term
| Superficial layer of extrinsic muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intermediate layer of extrinsic muscles |
|
Definition
| Associated with thoracic wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Holds spinal cord
-Made up of adjacent vertebrae and soft tissue |
|
|
Term
| Anterior wall of vertebral canal |
|
Definition
Formed by:
-Vertebral bodies of the vertebrae
-Intervertebral discs and ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Lateral walls/roof of vertebral canal |
|
Definition
| -Formed by the vertebral arches and ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-31 pairs
-Emerge from vertebral column between pedicles
-C8, T12, L5, S5 and Co1
-Attached to the cord by a posterior and anterior root
-After leaving canal, branch into posterior and anterior rami |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Innervate rest of body besides head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus
-Most common in lumbar region
-Pressure on spinal nerves causes pain
-Surgical removal of disc after laminectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Allows spinal nerves and blood vessels to pass in and out of the vertebral canal
-Formed by the inferior vertebral notch on the pedicle of the vertebra above and the superior vertebral notch of the pedicle of the vertebra below |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Common anomaly
-Occurs when transverse process of C7 anterior to transverse foramen becomes enlarged
-May become a complete rib
-Occurs bilaterally about 60% of time -Puts pressure on the subclavian artery and inferior trunk of the brachial plexus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Fracture of C1 ring
-Results from an axial loading injury to the head with compression force to C1
-Typically from diving
-Fracture consists of unilateral or bilateral fractures of the anterior and posterior arches of C1
-Unstable injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Unstable fracture of the C2 pedicles -Forward displacement of C1 and the body of C2 on C3.
-Traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2
-Caused by hyperextension of the head relative to the neck.
-MVA, hanging and hyperextension possible causes.
-Create a hyperextension or flexion force (leverage) of the cervical spine as a fulcrum.
-The upper portion of the cervical spine (skull, C1, C2) then separates from the lower cervical spine. -Hyperextension will initially cause fracture of the C2 neural arch (pedicles) and disruption of the anterior ligaments.
-Return to neutral position will then cause the body of C2 to become anteriorly displaced over C3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Between vertebral bodies
-Formed by a layer of hyaline cartilage on each vertebral body
-Each include a vertebral disc |
|
|
Term
| How many joints does a vertebra have with adjacent vertebrae? |
|
Definition
6
-4 synovial (2 above/2 below)
-2 symphyses (1 above/1 below) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Determined by the shape and orientation of joint surfaces on the articular processes and on the vertebral bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Absorbs vertical shock
-Permit various movements of the vertebral column
-Fibrocartilagenous ring with a pulpy center consisting of:
-Annulus fibrosus
-Nucleus pulposus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Joints between vertebral arches superior and inferior articular processes on adjacent vertebrae
-Articular capsule attached to the margins of the articular facets encloses each joint
-In cervical region the zygapophysial joints slope inferiorly from anterior to posterior
-Facilitates flexion and extension
In thoracic regions the joints are oriented vertically and limit flexion and extension but facilitate rotation
-In lumbar regions the joint surfaces are curved and adjacent processes interlock
-Limit movement, flexion and extension are major movements in the lumbar region |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar degenerative disc disease |
|
Definition
-Age causes discs to lose hydration, gain collagen and become more fibrous
-Horizontal intranuclear cleft develops as early sign
-Signal loss on T2
-Height loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Horizontal nuclear cleft
-Signal loss
-Height loss |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Longitudinal Ligament |
|
Definition
-Attached to the anterior part of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
-Runs from the base of the skull to the anterior surface of the sacrum |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Longitudinal Ligament |
|
Definition
-Posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies
-Lines the anterior surface of the vertebral canal
-Attached to the anterior part of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Passes between lamina of adjacent vertebrae
-Made of elastic connective tissue
-Form part of posterior surface of vertebral canal
-Runs between posterior surface of lamina on vertebra below to the anterior surface of the lamina of the vertebra above
-Resist separation of lamina in flexion and assist in extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Connects tips of the vertebral spinous processes from CVII to the sacrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-CVII up to the skull
-Continuation of suprasinous ligament -Structurally different
-Shaped like a triangle
-Base runs from occipital protuberance to foramen magnum
-Apex is attached to the tip of the spinous process of CVII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Causes:
-Hypertrophy of ligamentum flava and Zygapophsial joint
-Mild disc protrusion
-Results in reduction of vertebral canal side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Lesion in pars interarticularis of neural arch
-Most common cause of adolescent back pain
-Usually at L5 |
|
|
Term
| Xray presentation of lumbar spondylosis |
|
Definition
Looks like a scotty dog
-Ear (superior articular process)
-Head (transverse process)
-Neck (pars interarticularis)
-Body (lamina/spinous process)
-Feet (inferior articular process) |
|
|
Term
| Fractures/Dislocations of vertebrae |
|
Definition
| -Sudden violent movement or movement of a type not permitted in a specific region is likely to result in fracture, dislocation, and or fracture dislocation of the vertebral column |
|
|
Term
| Superficial Group of Extrinsic Back Muscles |
|
Definition
Innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves
-Trapezius
-Latissimus dorsi
-Thoracodorsal
-Rhomboid major
-Rhomboid minor
-Levator scapulae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nerve: Thoracodorsal C6-C8
Function: Lifts scapula
Where: Top of neck (C1) to shoulder |
|
|
Term
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major |
|
Definition
Nerve: Dorsal Scapular C4 and 5
Function: Retract scapula, hold scapula on rib cage
Where: Connects scapula with vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nerve: Thoracodorsal C6-C8
Function: Extension/flexion, rotation, adduction/abduction of scapula at rotator cuff
Where: Large, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior arm, and partly covered by trapezius on its median dorsal region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nerve: CN XI Spinal Accessory
Function: Moves scapula (shrugs and rotates shoulder)/support arm
Where: Back of skull to lower thoracic, trapazoidal shaped |
|
|
Term
| Intermediate group of extrinsic back muscles |
|
Definition
-Serratus posterior superior
-Serratus posterior inferior |
|
|
Term
| Serratus posterior superior |
|
Definition
Nerves: Anterior rami T9-T12
Function: Elevates ribs (helps in breathing)
Where: Upper back part of thorax |
|
|
Term
| Serratus posterior inferior |
|
Definition
Nerves: Anterior rami of T9-12
Function: Depresses ribs (helps in breathing)
Where: Junction of thoracic and lumbar regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Segment of the limb that overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower neck.
-Includes the pectoral, scapular, and lateral supraclavicular regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed scapulae and clavicles and manubrium of the sternum |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that connect scapula to trunk |
|
Definition
| Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that connect the clavicle, scapula and body wall to the proximal end of the humerus |
|
Definition
| Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and deltoid, and rotator cuff |
|
|
Term
Rotator Cuff Make Up
(SITS) |
|
Definition
-Supraspinatus, infraspinatus teres minor and subscapularis
-Provide support for the glenohumeral joint |
|
|
Term
| Anterior compartment of forearm |
|
Definition
Flexors
Innervated by median C6-C8 and T1 and ulnar nerve C7/8 and T1
Superficial layer
–Flexor carpi ulnaris
–Palmaris longus- tendon for flexion
–Flexor carpi radialis
–Pronator teres
Intermediate layer
–Flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep layer
–Flexor digitorum profundus
–Flexor pollicis (thumb) longus
–Pronator quadratus
Nerves:
Median nerve innervates all but flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus (ring/little fingers), which are the ulnar nerve
Proximal to wrist it becomes the superficial nerve
Lies between the tendons of the palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis muscles
Passes through the carpal tunnel deep to the flexor retinaculum
Vasculature
Radial artery lies lateral to the large tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle and anterior to the pronator quadratus muscle
Ulnar artery
-Passes down the medial side of the forearm. Passes between the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus.
Lateral to ulnar nerve
Passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist |
|
|
Term
| Posterior compartment of arm |
|
Definition
Extensors
Radial C5-8, T1
Innervated by radial nerve
deep branch/posterior interosseus
Arteries:
Ulnar artery branches:
Posterior Interosseus artery
Anterior Interosseus artery
Radial Artery
Muscles:
Superficial layer:
–Brachioradialis
–Extensor carpi radialis longus
–Extensor carpi radialis brevis
–Extensor digitorum
–Extensor digiti minimi
–Extensor carpi ulnaris
– Anconeus
Deep Layer:
–Supinator
–Abductor pollicis longus
–Extensor pollicis brevis- forms snuff box
–Extensor pollicis longus
–Extensor indicis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Separated into anterior and posterior compartments.
Muscles in arm move the forearm and the elbow
Forearm muscles move the hand at the wrist and the fingers and thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendon for flexion (Tommy John) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Median, ulnar, musculocutaneous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intrinsic muscles:
Thenar (thumb) muscles and hypothenar muscles
lumbericals (flex your phalanges) and dorsal and palmar interossi (ab and adduct your fingers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Made up of anterior spinal rami of C5-T1
Forms in neck, continues through axillary inlet into axilla |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Abduction of the arm at the glenohumeral joint (can’t lift arm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flexion of forearm
Musculocutaneous innervates brachialis and biceps brachioradialis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extension of arm at elbow (can't straighten arm..radial nerve) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abduction and adduction of the index, middle and ring fingers
(Ab/Add of fingers, dorsal/palm interossie) |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Compartment of arm |
|
Definition
| Innervation by musculocutaneous C5-C7 |
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic Muscles of Hand |
|
Definition
Mostly Ulnar Nerve C7/8 and T1
Also Median Nerve C6-8, T1 |
|
|
Term
Carpal Bones
(Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle) |
|
Definition
Proximal row:
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Distal row:
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lateral border:
Tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Medial border:
Tendon of the extensor pollicis longus
Floor:
Scaphoid, trapezium, and distal ends of tendons of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ulnar artery/ulnar nerve and tendon of plamaris longus pass into the hand anterior to the flexor retinaculum
-Radial artery passes dorsally
-The extensor tendons pass into the hand on the medial, lateral and posterior surfaces of the wrist in a compartment defined by an extensor retinaculum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Entrapment syndrome caused by pressure on median nerve. Caused by overuse, swelling of tendon cysts, anoxic damage to the capillary endothelium of median nerve
-Causes weakness and loss of muscle bulk in thenar muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive sign for carpal tunnel syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
–Joint cavity movements limited
-Include those in an anteroposterior and vertical plane--some rotation can occur
–Ligaments are anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Top of sternum between clavicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
–Synovial joint
-Limited movement in the anteroposterior and vertical planes with some axial rotation
–Ligaments acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular |
|
|
Term
| Glenohumeral Joint Make Up |
|
Definition
–Synovial ball and socket joint -Articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
–Wide ROM Very unstable
–Movements are flexion, extension, abd. and adduction, internal and external rotation and circumduction
–Synovial membrane is loose inferiorly. It protrudes between tendons of muscles
–Bursa Fluid filled sacs
-Most famous of these are the subacromial bursa and the bursa of the subscapularis |
|
|
Term
| Glenohumeral Joint Stability Provided By: |
|
Definition
| Cuff muscles, long head of biceps, extrascapular ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deepens glenoid cavity
Fibrocartilaginous Collar
Holds the humerus in place |
|
|
Term
| Glenohumeral Joint Ligaments, Nerves, and Arteries |
|
Definition
Ligaments:
•Superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
•Coracohumeral ligament
•Transverse humeral ligament
Vascular supply:
anterior and posterior humeral and suprascapular arteries
Nerves:
Posterior cord of brachial plexus, suprascapular, axillary and lateral pectoral nerves |
|
|
Term
| Transverse Humeral Ligament |
|
Definition
| Holds the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii in the intertubercular sulcus in the glenohumeral joint |
|
|
Term
| Stability of Glenohumeral joint provided by: |
|
Definition
•Superiorly:
-Coracoid acromion and coraco-acromial ligament
-Rotator cuff muscles
-Long head of biceps restricts superior movement
-Nerves and Arteries
Anterior part:
Rotator cuff muscles
Posterior:
Rotator Cuff Muscles
• |
|
|
Term
| Scapular Muscles and Nerves |
|
Definition
Trapezius- accessory nerve
Deltoid- axillary nerve (posterior, middle, anterior parts- different directions)
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor and major
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Long head of Triceps (extensor muscle- posterior part, radial nerve!) |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Insertion onto Fingers |
|
Definition
Superficialis Splits in two,
To Permit Profundus Passing through. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clockwise from top:
-Supraspinatus
-Infraspinatus
-Teres minor
-Subscapularis |
|
|
Term
Interossei muscles
Dorsal/palmar |
|
Definition
"PAd and DAb":
The Palmar Adduct and the Dorsal Abduct.
-Use your hand to dab with a pad. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lumbrical action is to hold a pea, that is to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint and extend the interphalangeal joints. When look at hand in this position, can see this makes an "L" shape, since L is for Lumbrical. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Three B's Bend the elBow:
Brachialis
Biceps
Brachioradialis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Function: Its the Beer Raising muscle, flexes elbow, strongest when wrist is oriented like holding a beer.
Innervation: Breaks Rule: it's a flexor muscle, But Radial. (Radial nerve usually is for extensors: Recall BEST
rule: B was for brachioradialis).
Important relation: Behind it is the Radial nerve in the cubital fossa.
Attachment: Attaches to Bottom of Radius. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"C5-6-7 raise your wings up to heaven":
C567 injury causes inability to raise arm past 90 degrees up to heaven, and results in a winging of the scapula.
Long thoracic nerve roots (567) innervate Serratus anterior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Pimps Fuck Prostitutes For Fun":
-Pronator teres
-Flexor carpi radialis
-Palmaris longous
-Flexor carpi ulnaris
-Flexor digitorum superficialis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"The lady between two majors":
Teres major attaches to medial lip of groove.
Pectoralis major to lateral lip of groove.
Latissimus (Lady) is on floor of groove, between the 2 majors. |
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand |
|
Definition
"All For One And One For All":
Thenar:
-Abductor pollicis longus
-Flexor pollicis brevis
-Opponens pollicis
-Adductor pollicis.
Hypothenar:
-Opponens digiti minimi
-Flexor digiti minimi
-Abductor digiti minimi |
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