Term
| what is the skin of the back of the scalp and neck innervated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cervical nerves normally have no cutanous branches |
|
Definition
| dorsal rami of C1 and C6-C8 |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the skin of the anterior and lateral aspecs of the neck |
|
Definition
| ventral rami of C2-C4 by the cutanous branches of the cervical plexus |
|
|
Term
| where doe the nerves that innervate the skin of the anterior and lateral aspecs of the neck emmerge from |
|
Definition
| under posterior border of the sternocleidomadtoid muscle |
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of the cutanous branches of the cervical plexus |
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Definition
| lesser occipital nerve (C2 or C2 and C3) and greater auricular nerve (C2, C3) |
|
|
Term
| what does the lesser occipital nerve supply |
|
Definition
| skin over lateral part of occipital region and upper part of medial surface of the auricle |
|
|
Term
| what does the lesser occipital nerve follow |
|
Definition
| posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
|
Term
| where is the greater auricular nerve located in relation to the muscles and vessels by it |
|
Definition
| superificial to sternocleidomastoid and parallel to external jugular vein |
|
|
Term
| what does the great auricular nerve supply |
|
Definition
| skin over angle of mandible and parotid gland and both surfaces of lower part of the auricle |
|
|
Term
| what spinal nerves is the transverse cervical nerve made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the transverse cervical nerve supply |
|
Definition
| skin anterior and lateral aspects of the neck |
|
|
Term
| where is the transverse cervical nerve in relation to the sternonucleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| superificial and anterior |
|
|
Term
| what spinal nerves make up the aupraclavicular nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of the supraclavicular nerves |
|
Definition
| medial, intermediate, lateral |
|
|
Term
| in general, where are the supraclavicular nerves located |
|
Definition
| descend across side of lower neck |
|
|
Term
| what do the supraclavicular nerves supply |
|
Definition
| skin at base of neck and skin that covers upper parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the platysma embedded in |
|
Definition
| superificial fascia of the neck |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the platysma |
|
Definition
| deep fascia that covers upper parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the inesrtion of the platysma |
|
Definition
| fibers pass superificial to clavicle and run superior and medial over side of neck, some insert into lower border of body of mandible, others enter face and blend with muscles of lower lip and angle of mouth |
|
|
Term
| what nerves supplies the platysma |
|
Definition
| cervical branch of facial nerve |
|
|
Term
| what are the actions of the platysma |
|
Definition
| tense skin of neck, assists in depressing mandible, draws down lower lip and angle of mouth |
|
|
Term
| what joins to make the external juggular vein, where |
|
Definition
| posterior to the mandible, the posterior auricular vein and posterior branch of retromandibular |
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior auricular vein drain |
|
Definition
| scalp posterior and superior to auricle |
|
|
Term
| what forms the retromandibular vein, where at |
|
Definition
| formed within parotig gland by union of superificial tamporal and maxillary veins |
|
|
Term
| what does the retromandibular vein divide into |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior branches |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein join |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein join, what does this form |
|
Definition
| posterior auricular vein forming the external juggular |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the external juggular vein in relation to the other vessels and muscles around it |
|
Definition
| decends obliquly superificial to sternocleidomastoid to the mid clavicle, pierces investing layer of deep cervical fascia, drains into the subclavian vein |
|
|
Term
| what are the tributaries of the external juggular vein |
|
Definition
| transverse cervical, suprascapular, anterior juggular |
|
|
Term
| where does the anterior juggular vein bein, by what joining |
|
Definition
| submental region when several small veins join |
|
|
Term
| describe the location of the anterior juggular bein |
|
Definition
| close to anterior midline just superior to jugular (suprasternal) notch of sternum to sternocleidomastoid, drains into external juggular |
|
|
Term
| what is the juggular venous arch |
|
Definition
| vein that is usually present joining right and left anterior juggular veins across the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of the manubrium of sternum (sternal head) and superior surface of medial third of the clavicle (clavicular head0 |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| two heads of origin join and insert into the mastoid process and lateral part of superiornuchal line |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| accessory nerve (motor) and branches from ventral rami of C2-C3 and spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what divides the anterolateral part of the neck into anterior and posterior triangles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| unilateral contraction and bilateral contraction |
|
|
Term
| what does the sternocleidomastoid do in unilateral contraction |
|
Definition
| lateral flexion of the head and neck to the same side of contracting muscle, rotation of the head and neck to opposite side of the contracting muscle |
|
|
Term
| what does the sternocleidomastoid do in bilateral contraction |
|
Definition
| draw head forward, flexion of head and nack against resistance (rising from the supine position), if head is fixed it acts as accessory muscle of inspiration |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the deep cervical fascia |
|
Definition
| support muscles, vessels, and viscera of neck |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the deep cervical fascia |
|
Definition
| investing layer, pertracheal layer, prevertebral layer, carotid sheath, retropharyngeal space |
|
|
Term
| where is the investing layer of the cervical fascia, what does it contain |
|
Definition
| encircles the neck splitting to enclose sternocleidomastoid and trapezius |
|
|
Term
| what forms the roof of the anterior and posterior triangles |
|
Definition
| investing layer of the deep cervical fascia |
|
|
Term
| where is the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the visceral part of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia contain |
|
Definition
| thyroid, trachea, esophagus, larynx, pharynx |
|
|
Term
| what does the muscular part of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the buccopharyngeal fascia |
|
Definition
| pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia that is located behind the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| where is the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia surround |
|
Definition
| cervical vertebra, anterior and posterior vertrbral muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the carotid sheath |
|
Definition
| part of the deep cervical fascia that forms a fascial tube extending from base of skull to root of neck |
|
|
Term
| what does the carotid sheath contain |
|
Definition
| carotid arteries, internal juggular vein, vagus nerve |
|
|
Term
| where is the retropharyngeal space located |
|
Definition
| between buccopharyngeal fascia (anterior) and prevertebral fascia (posterior) |
|
|
Term
| what is the retropharyngeal space filled with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what closes the retropharyngeal space, on what side |
|
Definition
| carotid sheath closes it laterally |
|
|
Term
| what is the span of the retropharyngral space |
|
Definition
| base of skull to mediastinum |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the retropharyngeal space, what accomodates this |
|
Definition
| the loose connective tissue allows movements of pharynx and esophagus during swalloqing |
|
|
Term
| what is the medical concern about the retropharyngeal space |
|
Definition
| infection that is in it could spread all the way down to the mediastinum |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior boundry of the posterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
| posterior border of the strenocleidomastoid |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior boundry of the posterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
| anterior border of the trapezius |
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior boundry of the posterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
| middle third of the clavicle |
|
|
Term
| what is covers the posterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
| skin, superificial fascia, platysma, investing layer of deep cervical fascia |
|
|
Term
| what forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
| splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenus posterior, and scalenus medius all covered by deep cervical fascia, a bit of the scalenus anterior |
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of the posterior trinalge of the neck |
|
Definition
| occipital triangle and supraclavicular triangle |
|
|
Term
| what divides the posterior triangle into this two divisions |
|
Definition
| inferior belly of omohyoid |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the supraclavicular triangle |
|
Definition
| omoclavicular or subclavian |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the scalenus anterior |
|
Definition
| transverse process of c3-C6 |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the scalenus anterior |
|
Definition
| superior surface of 1st rib and scalene tubercle |
|
|
Term
| where is the scalene tubrecle located |
|
Definition
| bony prominence on medial border of 1st rib |
|
|
Term
| what is anterior to the scalenus anterior |
|
Definition
| subclavian vein, phranic nerve, superificial cervical and suprascapular srteries, terminal part of the thoracic duct (on the left) |
|
|
Term
| what are the cervical and suprascapular arteries branches of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is posterior to the scalenus anterior, what are they bound by |
|
Definition
| brachial plexus, subclavian artery bound by scalenus anterior, sclanrus medius and 1st rib |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest and longest scalenus muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the scalenus medius |
|
Definition
| transverse process of C2-C7 |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the scalenus medius |
|
Definition
| superior surface of 1st rib, between costal tubercle and groove for subclavian artery |
|
|
Term
| what is the smallest scalene muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of scalenus posterior |
|
Definition
| transverse process of C4-C6 |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of scalenus posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates the scalene muscles |
|
Definition
| direct muscular branches from the ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what are the actionsof the scalene muscles |
|
Definition
| lateral flexion of neck, accessory muscles of inspiration (elevate rib 1 and 2 in forced inspiration) |
|
|
Term
| how is the omohyoid divided, by what |
|
Definition
| into inferior and superior bellies connected by intermediate tendon |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle |
|
Definition
| superior border of scapula medial to the suprascapular notch to the intermediate tendon |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle |
|
Definition
| begins at intermediate tendon to the body of hyoid |
|
|
Term
| what makes the omohyoid an angular shape |
|
Definition
| loop of deep cervical fascia that surrounds intermediate tendon and attaches inferior to the clavicle and rib 1 |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the omohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the omohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the arteries in the posterior triangle |
|
Definition
| subclavian, superificial cervical, suprascapular, dorsal scapular, occipital |
|
|
Term
| what are the brins in the posterior triangle |
|
Definition
| external juggular and its tributaries, subclavian sometimes |
|
|
Term
| what are the nerves in the posterior triangle |
|
Definition
| brachial plexus and branches of it, accessory nerve, branches of the cervical plexus |
|
|
Term
| what lymph nodes are in the posterior triangle, what are they next to |
|
Definition
| some cervical nodes long accessory nerve and superificial cervical vessels |
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