Term
True or False Chemistry can be defined as the science that deals with the structure, arrangement, & composition of substances & the reactions they undergo. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Water is the universal solvent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Electrolytes include acids, bases, & salts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Biology is the study of life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The head, neck, arms, and legs make up the axial skeleton. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If your reference point is "farthest from the trunk of the body" versus "nearest to the trunk of the body," where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? A. Proximal B. Superficial C. Superior D. Distal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: |
|
Definition
Chemical Organelle Cellular Tissue Organ System Organism |
|
|
Term
Which of the following bonds are the weakest? A. Electricovalent bonds B. Covalent bonds C. Ionic bonds D. Hydrogen bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The term that is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body cells is: A. Metabolism B. Catabolism C. Anabolism D. Synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The mediastinum contains all the following except the: A. Trachea B. Right lung C. Venae cavae D. Esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The plane that divides the individual into upper & lower parts is the: A. Transverse plane B. Sagittal plane C. Frontal plane D. Superficial plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which subatomic particles carry a charge? A. Protons & electrons B. Neutrons & electrons C. Protons & neutrons D. Only neutrons carry a charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Humans have similar right & left sides of the body, at least superficially. This is an example of: A. Anterior symmetry B. Anatomical position C. Ipsilateral position D. Bilateral symmetry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The most abundant & important compound(s) in the body is/are: A. Nucleic acids B. Proteins C. Water D. Air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Approximately what percentage of body weight is water? A. 70% B. 60% C. 50% D. 40% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Negative feedback control systems: A. Oppose change B. Have no effect on he deviation from set point. C. Accelerate a change. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? A. 78% B. 96% C. 50% D. 60% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A somatotype characterized by having a muscular physique is called a(n): A. Endomorph B. Mesomorph C. Ectomorph D. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The smallest living units of structure & function in the body are: A. Organelles B. Atoms C. Cells D. Molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DNA: A. Is a single strand of nucleotides. B. Contains the sugar ribose. C. Is the heredity molecule. D. Transports amino acids during protein synthesis. |
|
Definition
C. Is the heredity molecule. |
|
|
Term
A plane through he body that divides the body into anterior & posterior portions is: A. Sagittal B. Median C. Transverse D. Coronal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Metabolism refers to: A. A subdivision of physiology. B. The chemical basis of life. C. The sum of all the physical & chemical reactions occurring in the body. D. An organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function. |
|
Definition
C. The sum of all physical & chemist reactions occurring in the body. |
|
|
Term
The number of abdominal regions is: A. Nine B. Seven C. Five D. Three |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An isotope of an element contains a different number of _____ than other atoms of the same element. A. Protons & neutrons B. Protons C. Neutrons D. Electrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: A. Kidneys B. Urinary bladder C. Right lung D. Gall bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A plane through the body that divides the body into right & left sides is called: A. Frontal B. Sagittal C. Coronal D. Transverse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): A. Organ B. System C. Organism D. Tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The lungs are located in the: A. Mediastinum B. Thoracic cavity C. Cranial cavity D. Abdominal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Two major cavities of the human body are: A. Axial/appendicular B. Ventral/dorsal C. Visceral/parietal D. Inferior/superior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Humans can produce 12 of 20 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called: A. Structural proteins B. Essential amino acids C. Peptide bonds D. Enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Several kinds of tissues working together is termed a(n): A. Organism B. Organ C. Organ system D. Plasma membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Homeostasis can best be described as: A. Changes in body temperature. B. Adaptation to external environment. C. A constant state maintained by living & nonliving organisms. D. A state of relative constancy. |
|
Definition
D. A state of relative constancy. |
|
|
Term
Atomic weight is determined by the number of: A. Protons & neutrons B. Neutrons, protons & elections. C. Neutrons & electrons D. Protons & neutrons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Is the science that examines the function of living organisms & their parts. |
|
|
Term
A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): A. Electron B. Orbital C. Neutron D. Proton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The major direct cell connections are tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The cells internal supporting framework is called the cytoskeleton. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The plasma membrane can be described as a double layer of phospholipid molecules. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Rough endoplasmic reticulum looks rough because there are mitochondria attached to it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Catabolism builds large molecules from smaller ones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False An important function of the cell membrane is the maintenance of cell integrity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The process of pinocytosis may be viewed as the cell drinking. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The basic unit of structure & function in the human body is a(n): A. Gene B. Cell C. DNA molecule D. Atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The major function of ribosomes is to synthesize: A. Fats B. Cholesterol C. Proteins D. carbohydrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which organelle processes & packages material to be secreted? A. Golgi apparatus B. Ribosomes C. Nucleus D. Mitochondrion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The major energy production site of the cell is the: A. Mitochondrion B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Golgi apparatus D. Ribosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the: A. Cilium B. Microtibule C. Flagellum D. Microvillus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? A. Chromosome B. nucleus C. Lysosome D. Ribosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: A. Cytoplasm B. Golgi apparatus C. Centrosome D. Plasma membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A cell's digestive system is the: A. Peroxisomes B. Cilia C. Lysosomes D. Mitochondria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? A. Cholesterol B. Glycoproteins C. Phospholipids D. Protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Phagocytosis is an example of: A. Exocytosis B. Facilitated diffusion C. Endocytosis D. Passive transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If a cell were placed in a hypotonic solution: A. There would be a net gain of water into the cell. B. There would be a net loss of water out of the cell. C. No water would move into or out of the cell. D. Water would move into & out of the cell in equal amounts. |
|
Definition
A. There would be a net gain of water into the cell. |
|
|
Term
The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: |
|
Definition
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
|
|
Term
A natural phenomenon cause by the tendency of small particles to spread out evening within a given space. A. Filtration B. Endocytosis C. Diffusion D. Osmosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Bone-destroying cells are called osteoblasts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Elastic cartilage is the most prevalent type of cartilage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Adipose tissue contains predominantly fat cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Basic characteristics of the nervous system are excitation & conduction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False A malignant tumor that arises from epithelial tissue is generally called a sarcoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Muscle & nervous tissues have limited capacity to regenerate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The most widespread & abundant tissue in the body is: A. Muscle B. Nervous C. Epithelial D. Connective |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A tissue is: A. A membrane that lines body cavities. B. The most complex organizational unit of the body. C. A thin sheet of cells embedded in a matrix. D. A group of similar cells that perform a common function. |
|
Definition
D. A group of similar cells that perform a common function. |
|
|
Term
Blood is a member of which basic tissue type? A. Connective B. Nervous C. Epithelial D. Muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which tissue lines body cavities & protects body surfaces? A. Nervous B. Muscle C. Epithelial D. Connective |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not a function of epithelial tissue? A. Absorption B. Protection C. Assimilation D. Secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Glands that are not ducted, but release their products directly into tissue fluid & blood are called: A. Apocrine B. Endocrine C. Holocrine D. Exocrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not a function of connective tissue? A. Defense B. Support C. Transport D. Communication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The mature cells of bone are called: A. Fibroblasts B. Osteoblasts C. Osteoclasts D. Osteocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The type of tissue that contains cells called neurons is: A. Connective B. Nervous C. Epithelial D. Muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The functioning of which of the following glandular tissues does not injure the cell or cause a loss of cytoplasm? A. Merocrine B. Holocrine C. Endocrine D. Apocrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Reticular tissue does not form the framework for which of the following? A. Kidney B. Spleen C. Lymph nodes D. All of the above are composed of reticular tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a class of cartilage tissue? A. Elastic B. Fibrocartilage C. Cancellous D. Hyaline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complex, non-living material between cells in a tissue: A. Intracellular matrix B. Collagen C. Cytoplasm D. Extracellular matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All are structural proteins of extracellular matrix except: A. Elastin B. Fibrogen C. Collagen D. Glycoprotein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mammary glands are good examples of this type of exocrine gland: A. Holocrine B. Merocrine C. Apocrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This form of connective tissue is avascular & slow to heat after injury: A. Bone B. Blood C. Cartilage D. Fibrous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which epithelial membrane lines & protects organs that open to the outside of the body? A. Serous B. Squamous C. Mucosa D. Cutaneous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A serous type of membrane that surrounds a lung & lines the thoracic cavity: A. Peritoneum B. Parietal C. Pleural D. Visceral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The blood-forming tissue in the red marrow of bones is a form of: A. Skeletal muscle tissue B. Cartilage tissue C. Smooth muscle tissue D. Hematopoietic tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Hair is usually not found on thin skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Heat loss by the skin is controlled by a negative feedback loop. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Prolonged exposure to the sun causes increased melanin production. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False A first degree burn is considered a partial-thickness burn. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Karposi sarcoma account for more than 95% of all reported cases of skin cancer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The shedding of epithelial elements is called desquamation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The body's temperature control center is located in the: A. Cerebrum B. Medulla C. Thalmus D. Hypothalamus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The time required for the completion of mitosis, differentiation, & the movement of new cells from the stratum basale to the surface of the skin is about: A. 35 hours B. 17 days C. 35 days D. 22 days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Apocrine sweat glands can be found in all of the following areas except the: A. Areolae of the breasts B. Soles of the feet. C. Pigmented skin areas around the anus. D. Armpits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The surface film found on the skin had a variety of functions, including: A. Lubrication B. Buffering of caustic irritants. C. Antibacterial & antifungal activity. D. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The area referred to as true skin is the: A. Hypodermis B. Stratum corneum C. subcutaneous layer. D. Dermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a function of the skin? A. Defense against disease organisms. B. By synthesis of vitamin E. C. Excretion of water & salts. D. Regulation of body temperature. |
|
Definition
B. Synthesis of vitamin E |
|
|
Term
A complex, nonliving material between cells in a tissue: A. Epithelium B. Extracellular matrix C. Connective tissue D. Glandular epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The sea of the skin in an average-sized adult is about: A. 24 sq. ft. B. 12 sq. ft. C. 31 sq. ft. D. 18 sq. ft. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This last of the dermis forms a unique pattern that gives individuals fingerprints: A. Epidermis B. Papillary C. Hypodermis D. Reticular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The term used to describe the skin & its appendages is the: A. Epidermis B. Dermis C. Integumentary system D. Integument |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The waxy secretion in the external ear canal is: A. Eccrine B. Sebaceous C. Apocrine D. Ceruminous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Approximately how much heat loss occurs through the mucosa of the respiratory, digestive, & urinary tract? A. 80% B. 50% C. 100% D. 20% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All are basic determinants of melanin except: A. Type B. Distribution C. Color D. Quantity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The most numerous, important & widespread sweat glands in the body are: A. Ceruminous B. Sebaceous C. Aprocrine D. Eccrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not a part of a hair? A. Lanugo B. Shaft C. Root D. Medulla |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The superficial outer layer of the epidermis is the stratum: A. Basale B. Corneum C. Granulosum D. Lucidum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one can undergo mitosis is the stratum: A. Lucidum B. Basale C. Corneum D. Granulosum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This method of heat loss is especially important at high environmental temperatures when it is the only method heat can be lost from the skin: A. Conduction B. Evaporation C. Radiation D. Convention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Severe, sometimes fatal condition characterized by a body temperature of 105 degrees or higher: A. Heat stroke B. Heat exhaustion C. Hypothermia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What skin cell constitutes more than 90% of cells present in the epidermis: A. Keratinocytes B. Melanocytes C. Merkel cells D. Langerhans cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The layer of epithelium under the nail body which contains an abundant of blood vessels: A. Nail body B. Nail bed C. Nail root D. Lunula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increased secretions from these glands may lead to formation of pimples & blackheads in adolescence: A. Ceremonies glands B. Apocrine glands C. Sebaceous glands D. Eccrine glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blisters, severe pain, generalized swelling & edema characterize this type of burn: A. Second degree B. Third degree C. Third degree |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The type of cartilage that occurs in the public symphysis & intervertebral disks is fibrocartilage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Mechanical stress, such as physical activity, weakens bone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Myeloid tissue is another name for bone marrow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Calcitonin is the primary regulator of calcium homeostasis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Bone grows in length from the epiphysis towards the diaphysis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Osteomyelitis is the most common, primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The patella is classified as a sesamoid bone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The periosteum is a dense, white, fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False In an infants or child's body, virtually all of the bones contain red marrow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The most abundant type of cartilage is: A. Hyaline B. Elastic C. Fibrocartilage D. All three types are present in approximately equal amounts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The organic matrix of bone consists of: A. Collagenous fibers B. Protein C. Polysaccharides D. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The primary ossification center of a long bone is located: A. In the medullary cavity B. At the midpoint of the diaphysis C. At the epiphyseal cartilage D. In the epiphysis |
|
Definition
B. At the midpoint of the diaphysis |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the epiphysis? A. Made of spongy bone. B. Cylindrical in shape. C. Contain red bone marrow. D. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Endosteum can be found: A. Lining the epiphysis. B. At articular surfaces. C. Lining the medullary cavity. D. Covering bones. |
|
Definition
C. Lining the medullary cavity |
|
|
Term
A fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the: A. Articular cartilage B. Diaphysis C. Periosteum D. Epiphysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In bone growth, the medullary cavity is enlarged because of the activity of: A. Osteoclasts B. Osteoblasts C. Osteocytes D. Chondrocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The cells responsible for active erosion of bone minerals are called: A. Osteoclasts B. Osteoblasts C. Osteocytes D. Osteomorphytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The tarsal bones are examples of: A. Long bones B. Flat bones C. Short bones D. Irregular bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hematopoiesis is carried out in the: A. Osteocytes B. Red bone marrow C. Osteoclasts D. Yellow bone marrow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The first step in healing a fracture is: A. Proper alignment of the fracture. B. The formation of a collar of normal bone covering the broken ends. C. The formation of specialized callus. D. The formation of a fracture hematoma. |
|
Definition
D. The formation of a fracture hematoma |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not made of hyaline cartilage? A. External ear B. Cartilage rings in the trachea. C. Cartilage connecting the ribs & sternum. D. Cartilage in the top of the nose. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sesamoid bones are classified as: A. Irregular bones B. Long bones C. Flat bones D. Short bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not one of the primary functions performed by bones: A. Hematopoiesis B. Mineral storage C. Hormonal production D. Protection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A vertebral bone is an example of a(n): A. Short bone B. Long bone C. Flat bone D. Irregular bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The humerus is an example of a(n): A. Irregular bone B. Flat bone C. Short bone D. Long bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Metabolic disease characterized by demineralization of bone; related to vitamin D deficiency. A. Fibromyalgia B. Osteomyelitis C. Osteoporosis D. Rickets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The scapula is an example of a(n): A. Long bone B. Short bone C. Flat bone D. Irregular bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The osteon, or haversian, system: A. Delivers nutrients to & removes waste products from bone cells. B. Resists stress C. Produces yellow marrow D. Erodes bone |
|
Definition
A. Delivers nutrients to & removes waste products from bone cells. |
|
|
Term
The process of blood cell formation is termed: A. Hemiplegia B. Homeostasis C. Hematopoiesis D. Hemophilia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cancellous bone is another term for a(n): A. Compact bone B. irregular bone C. Short bone D. Spongy bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints are biaxial joints in which one bone fits into a depression on another bone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False A pivot joint is a form of a uniaxial joint. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The fibrocartilage pads between the articulating ends of bones may be called menisci. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False An articulation is a point of contact between bones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Gliding joints have relatively flat articulating surfaces that allow limited gliding movements around various axis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False Eversion turns the sole of the foot outward. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False The structural classification of a joints can be described according to the presence of a fluid-filled capsule (synovial joint). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which structure of a synovial joint is defined as a strong cord of dense, white fibrous connective tissue? A. Menisci B. Joint capsule C. Bursae D. Ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Synovial joint formed by the lateral articulation of the capitulum of the humerus with the head of the radius: A. Humeroulnar joint B. Humeroscapular joint C. Humeroradial joint D. Radiocarpal joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In terms of function, which is considered a freely moveable joint? A. Synarthrosis B. Diarthrosis C. All joints are moveable D. Amphiarthrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most commonly a non-inflammatory disorder of a movable joint cause by wear & tear: A. Gouty arthritis B. Bursitis C. Rheumatoid arthritis D. Osteoarthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Moving a part of the body forward is: A. Inversion B. Depression C. Protraction D. Elevation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The knee joint is an example of a: A. Ball & socket joint B. Saddle joint C. Hinge joint D. Gliding joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tilting the foot upward, decreasing the angle between the top of the foot & the front leg, is called: A. Pronation B. Extension C. Dorsiflexion D. Plantar flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sutures can be found in the: A. Skull & thorax B. Skull only C. Hip only D. Skull & hip bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Saddle joints in the body can be found between the: A. Humerus & the glenoid fossa B. Tibia & the femur C. Atlas & the occipital bone D. Thumb & metacarpal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In terms of function, which is considered an immovable joint? A. All joints are moveable. B. Amphiarthrosis C. Synarthrosis D. Diarthrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which joint allows for the widest range of movement? A. Gliding B. Hinge C. Saddle D. Ball & socket |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A form of autoimmune disease that involves chronic inflammation of many different tissues & organs of the body: A. rheumatoid arthritis B. Osteoarthritis C. Gouty arthritis D. Bursitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following structures does not characterize a synovial joint? A. Bursae B. Joint cavity C. Menisci D. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called: A. Flexion B. Extension C. Addiction D. Abduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the unique joints that occur between the root of a tooth & the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla? A. Syndesmoses B. Gomphoses C. Symphyses D. Synchrondroses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The type of movement that increases the angle between body parts is: A. Adduction B. Abduction C. Extension D. Flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A gliding joint is an example of a(n): A. Uniaxial joint B. Biaxial joint C. Pivot joint D. Multiaxial joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Stretching the foot down & pointing the toe is called: A. Dorsiflexion B. Abduction C. Hyperextension D. Plantar flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The largest & most frequently injured joint is the: A. Shoulder B. Ankle C. Knee D. Hip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In terms of structure, which type of articulation has a joint capsule? A. Cartilaginous B. Amphiarthrotic C. synovial D. Fibrous |
|
Definition
|
|