Term
| Insula is located under __________ lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 Functions of Hypothalamus |
|
Definition
-ANS control center
-Center of emotional response
-Control of endocrine glands activity
-Body temperature regulation
-Control of drives
-Regulation of sleep-wake cycle |
|
|
Term
| Area for understanding of language (written & spoken) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of primary visual area |
|
Definition
| Occipital lobe, posterior tip |
|
|
Term
| Motor speech area is also called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of Wernicke's Area |
|
Definition
| a portion of the parietal lobe & temporal lobe |
|
|
Term
| Location of primary somatosensory area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sensory speech area is also called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary motor area function |
|
Definition
| Transmit information toward voluntary muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls speech, planning of speech |
|
|
Term
| Primary somatosensory area function |
|
Definition
| identifying origin of input |
|
|
Term
| Location of auditory areas |
|
Definition
| superior gyrus of the temporal lobe (middle portion) |
|
|
Term
| Location of olfactory area |
|
Definition
| Medial aspect of temporal lobe |
|
|
Term
| Location of gustatory cortex |
|
Definition
| Inferior postcentral gyrus |
|
|
Term
| Location of visceral association area |
|
Definition
| In insula, posterior to gustatory |
|
|
Term
| Function of the prefrontal area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of the gnostic area |
|
Definition
| Interpretation of entire situation from all senses |
|
|
Term
| Function of limbic association area |
|
Definition
| Provides the emotional impact to whole situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The largest white commissure between two hemispheres is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebral hemispheres are separated by __________ ________ & united by three __________ |
|
Definition
| Cerebral hemispheres are separated by longitudinal fissure & united by three commissures |
|
|
Term
| Fissure located between two hemispheres |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fissure located between cerebrum & cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulci located between frontal & parietal lobes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulci located between temporal & parietal lobes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevated ridges of tissue are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shallow grooves are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More deep grooves are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-subcortical olfactory center
-included in limbic system |
|
|
Term
| Which structure produces and secretes ADH & Oxytocin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which structure connects III-d & IV-th cerebral ventricles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral ventricles are separated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Third ventricle continues in the forth ventricle by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name fibers of the cerebrum that provide connection between various parts of the cortex within the same hemisphere |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name fibers of the cerebrum that provide connection between cortex & lower structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name fibers of the cerebrum that provide connection between one hemisphere & another |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to mapping in cortex ("Homunculus"), superior part of the left precentral gyrus is |
|
Definition
| motor area of the right leg |
|
|
Term
| According to mapping in cortex ("Homunculus"), inferior part of the left precentral gyrus is |
|
Definition
| motor area of the left side of the head & face |
|
|
Term
| According to mapping in cortex ("Homunculus"), superior part of the right postcentral gyrus is |
|
Definition
| somatosensory area of the left leg |
|
|
Term
| According to mapping in cortex ("Homunculus"), inferior part of the right postcentral gyrus is |
|
Definition
| somatosensory area of the right side of the head & face |
|
|
Term
| Name structure that lacks the blood-brain barrier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of the pituitary gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cingulate gyrus belongs to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The brainstem is made up of which 3 structures? |
|
Definition
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
| Name of primary motor cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of primary somatosensory cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CSF is reabsorbed by arachnoid _____ into venous blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of visual and auditory reflex center |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of superior part of corpora quadrigemina (visual reflex center) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of inferior part of corpora quadrigemina (auditory reflex center) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Substantia nigra & red nuclei are parts of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Midbrain contains nuclei for cranial nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pons contain nuclei for cranial nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medulla oblongata contains nuclei for cranial nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain contains the most important vital centers (cardiovascular, respiratory, ...)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Centers that control swallow, vomit, cough, sneeze, & hiccup are located in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of neuroglial cells that provide outer covering of the capillaries in choroid plexuses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of neuroglial cells that are involved in the formation of the blood-brain barrier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of innermost thin vascular membrane that clings to the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arachnoid & pia matter together are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of outermost fibrous tissue covering of the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of avascular covering membrane with spider-like fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of space between arachnoid & dura mater |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of space between arachnoid & pia matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of dural septum that is located between two hemispheres of the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name part of the brain involved in controlling daily & seasonal activity cycle & some mood aspects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name part of the brain involved in pain supression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name part of the brain involved in synergic control & coordination of voluntary movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 detailed functions of the cerebellum |
|
Definition
-Comparing of intended movement with what actually happened for adjustment
-Maintaining posture & balance
-Coordination of fine voluntary movement
-Controls the property of movement (speed, acceleration) |
|
|
Term
| Name part of the brain responsible for mediating emotions and is involved in memory processing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name part of the brain responsible for mediating sensations & is the major relay station for ascending sensory impulses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name part of the brain responsible for controlling ANS activity & some drives (thist, hunger, sex) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Between blood & the brain urea, toxins & most drugs are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nutrients, such as glucose & essential amino acids, |
|
Definition
| move passively by facilitated diffusion |
|
|
Term
| Nonessential amino acids & K+ are |
|
Definition
| prevented from entering & pumped from the brain |
|
|
Term
| Name part of the brain that forms floor of diencephalon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name site of crossing optic nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In epithalamus, choroid plexus of the third ventricle is responsible for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Midbrain is surrounded by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which feature of cerebral peduncles helps regulate unconscious muscle activity by inhibiting of excessive muscle activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Degeneration of substantia nigra results in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which feature of cerebral peduncles coordinates muscle tone & posture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name feature of midbrain that surrounds cerebral aqueduct |
|
Definition
| preaqueductal gray matter |
|
|
Term
| Preaqueductal gray matter is involved in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name structures involved in formation of the floor of the fourth ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name external features of the medulla oblongata |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Within cerebellum, name gray matter outside cortex with gyri |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Within cerebellum, name white matter inside cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Limbic system is a group of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name structures of the lymbic system |
|
Definition
-Septal nuclei
-Cingulate gyrus
-Hippocampus
-Forinx |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the lymbic system |
|
Definition
-Basic survival functions (memory, reproduction, nutrition)
-Emotional aspects of behavior |
|
|
Term
| Reticular formation of the brain stem |
|
Definition
| Gray matter with control center in midbrain |
|
|
Term
| Reticular activating system functions |
|
Definition
-Initiating & maintaining wakefulness (alarm clock)
-Introspection
-Directing attention
-Filtering & damping repetitive, familiar & weak signals (allows focus; crying baby during sleep) |
|
|
Term
| Declarative memory triggers release of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-declarative memory triggers release of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of three connective tissue membranes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Liquid cushion
-Helps to nourish the brain
-Carries chemical signals |
|
|
Term
How is CSF circulated?
(2 ways) |
|
Definition
-Through ventricles into the central canal of the spinal cord
-Through medial & lateral apertures of the fourth ventricle into subarachnoid space |
|
|
Term
| The least permeable capillaries in the body are found in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diffuse through plasma membrane & affect the brain |
|
|
Term
Within CNS,
grey matter _____
white matter _____ |
|
Definition
Within CNS,
grey matter core
white matter external |
|
|
Term
| Lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle by |
|
Definition
| interventricular foramen (foramen Monro) |
|
|
Term
| Gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres |
|
Definition
-Cortex (outside)
-Ganglia (in depth of hemispheres) |
|
|
Term
| White matter of the cerebral hemispheres |
|
Definition
| Under cortex (gyri, sulci, fissures) |
|
|
Term
| Which areas control voluntary movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which areas are responsible for integration of primary information for purposeful action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which areas are responsible for conscious awareness of sensations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foramen magnum to the level of L1-L2 |
|
|
Term
| Fixation of the spinal cord to the coccyx is provided by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Functions of the spinal cord |
|
Definition
-Two way conduction
-Major reflex center |
|
|
Term
| Two way conduction of the spinal cord is provided by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major reflex center of the spinal cord is provided by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protection of the spinal cord is provided by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During lumbar puncture, CSF is obtained from __________ space beneath ___ vertebra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical enlargement is a source for nerves to & from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar enlargement is a source for nerves to & from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The end of the spinal cord is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collection of spinal nerves around filum terminalis is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of site where nerve fibers of sensory neurons enter the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of structure that contains cell body of sensory neuron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of site where nerve fibers of motor neuron leave the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dorsal & ventral roots fused together to form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gray matter of the spinal cord is located |
|
Definition
| inside in butterfly shape |
|
|
Term
| Dorsal or posterior horns of the spinal cord contain |
|
Definition
| second order sensory neurons |
|
|
Term
| Ventral or anterior horns of the spinal cord contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dorsal or posterior horns are _____ & _____ while ventral or anterior horns are _____ & _____ |
|
Definition
| Dorsal or posterior horns are long & narrow while ventral or anterior horns are short & wide |
|
|
Term
| Ventral roots of the spinal cord transmit information |
|
Definition
| away from the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| Dorsal roots of the spinal cord transmit information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| White matter of the spinal cord is located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conscious proprioception ("body sense") for lower limbs is transmitted by |
|
Definition
| tracts, located in medial region of dorsal (posterior) funiculus (column) |
|
|
Term
| Name of information from lower part of the body & lower limbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of information from upper part of the body & upper limbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Motor by function
-Located in lateral & ventral (anterior) funiculus
-Descending by direction |
|
|
Term
| First order sensory neurons located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Second order sensory neurons located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Upper motor neurons located |
|
Definition
| in cortex or in nuclei of cerebrum & brainstem |
|
|
Term
| Lower motor neurons located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of delicate connective tissue that covers single nerve fiber within a fascicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of connective tissue that covers fascicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of connective tissue outer covering for the whole nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sensory (or afferent) Nerve Characteristics |
|
Definition
-Carry sensory nerve fibers
-Transmit info toward CNS
-A few cranial nerves |
|
|
Term
| Mixed Nerve Characteristics |
|
Definition
-Carry sensory & motor nerve fibers
-Transmit info away & toward CNS
-All spinal nerves; most cranial nerves |
|
|
Term
| Motor (or efferent) Nerve Characteristics |
|
Definition
-Carry motor nerve fibers
-Transmit info away from CNS
-Ventral roots of spinal cord; a few cranial nerves |
|
|
Term
___ pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord
___ pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain |
|
Definition
31 pairs of spinal nerves
12 pairs of cranial nerves |
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerve has 3 major branches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two nerves are followed by a tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which three nerves are sensory only? |
|
Definition
I-Olfactory
II-Optic
VIII-Vestibulocochlear |
|
|
Term
| Which five nerves are motor only? |
|
Definition
III-Oculomotor
IV-Trochlear
VI-Abducens
XI-Accessory
XII-Hypoglossal |
|
|
Term
| Which four nerves are combined? |
|
Definition
V-Trigeminal
VII-Facial
IX-Glossopharingeal
X-Vagus |
|
|
Term
| Damage to which nerve causes difficulties in speech and swallowing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve is formed by a cranial root and a spinal root so it is involved in neck muscles movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve extends beyond the head and neck region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which three nerves send motor impulses to the eye muscles (to move eyeball)? |
|
Definition
III-Oculomotor
IV-Trochlear
VI-Abducens |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve provides for facial expressions (major motor for the face)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve is major sensory for the face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cranial nerves III-IV are located within |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cranial nerves V-VII are located within |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cranial nerves VIII-XII are located within |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve is major parasympathetic for the whole body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain that radiates down along the posterior surface of the lower limb & may be caused by herniated lumbar disc is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve can be injured by hanging an arm over a chair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve will cause sesation of breathing when injured? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phrenic nerve is formed by ventral rami of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve is associated with carpal tunnel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve can be injured because of inappropriate position of the patient during surgery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spinal nerve is formed by fusion of |
|
Definition
5 dorsal (sensory) & 6 ventral (motor) spinal roots
*Mixed by function |
|
|
Term
| Dorsal ramus supplies the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ventral ramus supplies the |
|
Definition
| rest of the trunk & limbs |
|
|
Term
| What provides a route for sympathetic axons that enter sympathetic chain ganglia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of skin region that provides sensory information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only spinal nerve that doesn't supply branches to the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the only skin area that is not innervated by spinal nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of nerve that passes beneath inguinal ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of nerve that goes through foramen obturatum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve passes through greater sciatic notch and is the largest nerve in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motor pathway includes two motor neurons known as |
|
Definition
-Preganglionic neuron (preganglionic axon)
-Postganglionic neuron (postganglionic axon) |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic Division Characteristics |
|
Definition
Works during emergencies
"Fight-or-Flight" reactions
Exercise, emergency, excitement, embarrassment
Releasing Energy
|
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Division Characteristics |
|
Definition
Non-emergency functions
"Resting and Digesting"
Digesting, defecation, diuresis
Conserving energy |
|
|
Term
| Autonomic reflexes involve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distal half of the large intestine and urinary bladder receives parasympathetic innervation from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Constriction of pupil & bulging of lens is the function of which cranial nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of cranial nerve that stimulates secretion of nasal, lacrimal & salivary glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of cranial nerve that stimulates secretion of parotid salivary gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation of thoracic & abdominal viscera is the function of which cranial nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibers of ANS that release during activation Ach are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibers of ANS that release during activation NE is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B-adrenergic receptors during activation cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A-adrenergic receptors during activation cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A-Adrenerguc receptors are located in |
|
Definition
| Vessels of skin, sphincters & almost all sympathetic target organs except heart |
|
|
Term
| B-Adrenergic receptors location |
|
Definition
| Vessels of the heart, lungs, brain, most sympathetic target organs, fat tissue |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic target organs |
|
Definition
-Heart
-GIT (smooth muscle)
-Urinary Tract (smooth muscle) |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic Target Organs |
|
Definition
-Circulatory system (defines BP)
-Adrenal gland
-Sweat glands
-Arrector pili of skin
-Kidneys
-Liver (releasing of glucose) |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of eye during activation |
|
Definition
-Pupil dilation
-No effect to accommodation |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of glands (nasal, lacrimal salivary, GIT glands) during activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of sweat glands during activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of adrenal medulla during activation |
|
Definition
| stimulates secretion of E & NE |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of arrector pili muscle during activation |
|
Definition
| contraction causing goosebumps |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of heart (muscle) during activation |
|
Definition
| Increased heart rate & force of heartbeat (pump blood) |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of bladder/urethra during activation |
|
Definition
-Relaxation
-Utethral sphincter contraction causing inhibition of urination
|
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of lungs during activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of GIT during activation |
|
Definition
| ↓ peristalsis, constricts sphincters → inhibit movement of content |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of liver during activation |
|
Definition
| Releasing of glucose to blood |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of kidney during activation |
|
Definition
Decrease urine output
Increase BP |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of blood vessels during activation |
|
Definition
| Vasoconstriction (general) causing increased BP |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of cellular metabolism during activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic effect of adipose tissue during activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adrenal medulla functionally is |
|
Definition
modified sympathetic ganglion
("misplaced ganglion") |
|
|
Term
| Name division which originates in thoracolumbar lateral horns of gray matter of spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name division which originates in craniosacral location & spinal cord sacral segments S2-S4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of lateral rectus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of medial rectus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of superior rectus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of inferior rectus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of inferior oblique |
|
Definition
| elevates eye & turns it laterally |
|
|
Term
| Function of superior oblique |
|
Definition
| depresses eye & turns it laterally |
|
|
Term
| Lateral rectus innervated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior oblique innervated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medial, superior & inferior rectus and inferior oblique innervated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of mucous membrane on eyelids which secrete mucus for lubrication and antibacterial protection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of lacrimal gland |
|
Definition
| tear production (contains lysozyme - a/b protection) |
|
|
Term
| Function of nasolacrimal duct |
|
Definition
| Transmits tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| Fibrous layer of eyeball is composed of |
|
Definition
| avascular connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 regions that make up the fibrous layer of the eyeball |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of sclera |
|
Definition
-Posterior portion
-White
-Posteriorly pierced by optic nerve in same place continues with dura mater of the brain |
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Term
| Characteristics of cornea |
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Definition
-Anterior portion
-Transparent
-Covered by epithelium
-Very sensitive (nociceptors)
-Good regeneration
-Easy to transplant |
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Term
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Definition
Protection
Shaping
Anchoring site for eye muscles |
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Term
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Definition
-Passage for light
-Part of the light-bending (refractory) system of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides nutrition supply for all other tunics |
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Term
| Name of structure that contains melanin to prevent light scattering within the eye |
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Definition
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Term
| Ciliary body is composed of |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of ciliary body |
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Definition
-Controlling lens shape (focusing)
-Secretion of fluid through aqueous humor |
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Term
| Function of suspensory ligaments |
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Definition
| Provides connection between ciliary body & lens |
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Term
| Name of smooth muscles that form iris |
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Definition
Sphincter pupillae
Dilator pupillae |
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Term
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Definition
| Defines the size of pupil and amount of light |
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Term
| Name of the two sensory layers (retina) within the eye |
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Definition
Pigmented layer
Neural layer |
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Term
| Functions of pigmented layer within the eye |
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Definition
-Light absorption to prevent light scattering within the eye
-Phagocitic activity
-Storage for vitamin A |
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Term
| Which type of cells make pigmented layer within the eye |
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Definition
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Term
| Neural layer within the eye is composed of which three types of neurons? |
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Definition
Photoreceptors
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells |
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Term
| Function of photoreceptors |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of bipolar cells |
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Definition
| Provide connection with ganglion cells |
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Term
| Function of ganglion cells |
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Definition
| Site of action potential generation |
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Term
| Nerve cells that are responsible for color, central "day vision" are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve cells that are responsible for non-color, peripheral vision "night vision" are called |
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Definition
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Term
Name of yellowish spot near the center of the retina--contains mostly cones |
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Definition
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Term
| Name of small depression in macula lutea that contains only cones |
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Definition
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Term
| Name of place where optic nerve is originated, doesn't contain cones or rods → no light (blind spot) |
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Definition
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Term
| Name of the weakest place of the eye because it is not reinforced by sclera |
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Definition
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Term
| Bending of light rays is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Inner core of eye is made up of |
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Definition
Lens
Vitreous body
Aqueous humor |
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Term
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Definition
-Suspended on ciliary body
-Avascular
-Divides the eye into two segments |
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Term
| Name of gel like substance in posterior portion of the eye behind the lens |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of vitreous body |
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Definition
-Transmits light
-Supports the lens & holds two layers of retina firm to each other
-Defines intraocular pressure & reinforce the eyeball internally |
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Term
| What is produced by the ciliary body and drains into venous blood through the Schlemm canal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Location of Schlemm canal |
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Definition
| Encircles the eye at the sclera-cornea junction |
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Term
| Function of schlemm canal |
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Definition
-Maintain intraocular pressure
-Supplies nutrients & oxygen to the lens & cornea |
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Term
| Changing of shape of the lens for proper refraction (specifically for close vision) is called |
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Definition
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