Term
Sternoclidomastoid
(if both contract) |
|
Definition
flexes neck
"Prayer Muscle" |
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|
Term
Sternoclidomastoid
(if one contracts) |
|
Definition
rotates the neck to opposite side--laterally
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|
Term
|
Definition
pools mouth corners downward;
tenses skin of neck
"Samauri Muscle" |
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Term
| What is the name of the muscle that is located right below m. infraspinatus, involved in formation of rotator cuff, laterally rotates & adducts humerus? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the name of the muscle that is located inferiorly to teres minor and extends from inferior angle of scapula to intertubercular groove of humerus? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle is a synergist with masseter muscle? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
True or False
Sphincter muscles do not have synergists or antagonists
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|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle adducts, flexes & medially rotates humerus? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle abducts humerus (+assists with medial & lateral rotation)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle extends neck & adducts scapula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle extends, medially rotates & adducts humerus? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which muscle extends, adducts & medially rotates humerus?
(e.g. backstroke swimming) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles retract & rotate scapula? |
|
Definition
| mm. rhomboideus minor & major |
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|
Term
| Which muscle group extend trunk? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
How does Galea aponeurotica connect with
a. cranial bones _____(loose/tight)
b. skin _____(loose/tight) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles form Galea aponeurotica? |
|
Definition
| m. frontalis & m. occipitalis |
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|
Term
| Which muscle compresses cheek and is involved in chewing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which muscle raises mouth corners?
"smiling muscle" |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle elevates & protracts mandible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which muscle elevates & retracts mandible?
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|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle closes eye and allows to squint, blink & wink? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which muscle closes & puckers lips?
"kissing muscle" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles elevate ribs & are involved in inhale? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles depress ribs & provide forceful exhale? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the functions of the muscles located on the anterior surface of the forearm is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the functions of the muscles located on the posterior surface of the forearm is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the functions of the muscles located on the anterior surface of the forearm is |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| One of the functions of the muscles located on the posterior surface of the forearm is |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| One muscle that is synergist for biceps brachii |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscle that is antagonist for biceps brachii |
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Definition
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|
Term
Muscles that move the wrist, hand & fingers originate on the
a. ______
& insert on the
b. ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Muscles that move the forearm (antebrachium) originate on the
a. _____
& insert on the
b. _____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Muscles that move the upper arm (brachium) originate on the
a. _____
& insert on the
b. _____ |
|
Definition
a. axial skeleton or shoulder girdle
b. humerus |
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|
Term
| Name of the forearm muscle that is located superficially, posteriorly & medially is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name of the forearm muscle that is located superficially, posteriorly, and between carpal extensors radialis & ulnaris |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name muscle that is antagonist for brachialis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Supinators of the forearm are located on the |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Pronators of the forearm are located on the |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle provides eversion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle provides inversion? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles form Achilles tendon? |
|
Definition
Gastrocnemius & soleus
(Triceps surae) |
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|
Term
| Which muscle compresses abdomen, flexes trunk & rotates trunk to opposite site? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle compresses abdomen, flexes trunk & depresses ribs? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle is the deepest, compresses abdomen, and is involved in breathing, defecation, urination & labor? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle compresses abdomen, flexes trunk & rotates trunk to the same site? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the main function of the quadriceps? |
|
Definition
Knee extension
"soccer muscle" |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh and flexes knee (to cross-legged position)? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle group extends hip & flexes knee? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle group flexes & medially rotates thigh? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which muscle performs flexion of the thigh?
(prime hip flexor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which muscle performs extension of the hip?
(major hip extensor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle abducts thigh & steadies pelvis during walking? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle is an important site for intramuscular injections? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle provides dorsiflexion & inversion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles make up triceps surae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle provides plantarflexion & eversion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle extends toes, dorsiflexes & everts foot? |
|
Definition
| Extensor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
| Which muscle provides plantarflexion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle provides plantarflexion & knee flexion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles make up the hamstring group? |
|
Definition
| Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus |
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|
Term
| What is the main function of biceps femoris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the hamstring muscles is the most medial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the hamstring muscles is the most lateral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles make up the quadriceps group? |
|
Definition
| Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis & vastus intermedius |
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|
Term
| 4 examples of internal organ functions, in which abdominal muscles are involved |
|
Definition
| Breathing, defacation, urination, labor |
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|
Term
| Which muscle expands thoracic cavity & is prime mover of inspiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During contraction, diaphragm moves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles elevate ribs (involved in inhale)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles depress ribs (provide forceful exhale)? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscle elevates first two ribs in deep inspiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle elevates clavicle & sternum in deep inspiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hernia is more commin in men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hernia is more common in infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hernia is most common in elderly persons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles are synergists with diaphragm? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscles are antagonists in breathing? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Conducts impulse toward the body |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Name of long single nerver fiber (one per neuron) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Generates nerve impulse & transmits them away from the cell body |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Characteristics of Dendrites |
|
Definition
Receptive
Short nerve fibers
Highly branched
Numerous in each cell
Conducts impulse toward the cell body
Always unmyelinated |
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|
Term
| Characteristics of an Axon |
|
Definition
Conducting
Long nerve fiber (one per cell)
Generates impulse away from cell body
Usually myelinated |
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|
Term
| Group of neuron bodies in PNS is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Group of neuron bodies in CNS is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bundle of neuron process in CNS is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bundle of neuron process in PNS is called |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which cells produce myelin sheaths for central neurons? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which cells produce myelin sheaths for peripheral neurons? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which cells cover & anchor neurons to capillaries, protect, mop up K+, and repair nerve tissue damage? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which cells protect from diseases through phagocytic activity? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which cells line the central cavities of the brain & spinal cord, help circulate CSF, and secrete CSF? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which cells are ciliated & polymorphal? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which cells are star shaped? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which cells are small & branching with "thorny" processes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells are found in the CNS? |
|
Definition
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Olygodendrocytes |
|
|
Term
| Which cells are found in the PNS? |
|
Definition
Sattelite cells
Schwann cells |
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|
Term
| Which cells support neurons in ganglia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of neurons |
|
Definition
Parenchyma
Transmit electrical impulses
Less numerous
Not capable of reproduction (amitotic) |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of neuroglia |
|
Definition
Stroma
Supportive, connective & phagocytic functions
More numerous
Capable of reproduction |
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|
Term
| Motor (efferent) division of the PNS conducts information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sensory (afferent) division of the PNS conducts information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Somatic NS conducts impulses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Autonomic NS conducts impulses |
|
Definition
| toward cardiac, smooth muscles & glands |
|
|
Term
| Nissl bodies of neuron are specialized elaborated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Works during emergencies
-Releasing energy |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic NS functions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of movement of substances from soma to synaptic knobs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of movement of substances from synaptic knobs to soma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of unmyelinated space between adjacent Schwann cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is essential for spreading of depolarization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During resting state, Na+ gates are _____ & K+ gates are _____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| During depolarizing phase, Na+ gates are _____ & K+ gates are _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During repolarizing phase, Na+ gates are _____ & K+ gates are _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During hyperpolarization, what is happening? |
|
Definition
Na+/K+ pumps maintain correct concentration to return to resting state
(ATP is used here) |
|
|
Term
| Hyperpolarization in action potential occurs because |
|
Definition
| K+ gate is open & K+ outflow is too large |
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|
Term
| Where in the body are unipolar neurons located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the body are multipolar neurons located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the body are bipolar neurons located? |
|
Definition
Retina (eye)
Olfactory mucosa (nose) |
|
|
Term
| What type of propagation occurs in fibers without myelin sheath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of propagation generates APs at each point along axon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of propagation takes time (is slow)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of propagation occurs in fibers with myelin sheath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of propagation generates APs only at Ranvier's node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of propagation is rapid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of propagation requires less ATP for Na+/K+ pump (more economical)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neurons that connect other neurons are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neurons that carry impulses from receptors toward CNS are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neurons that carry impulses away from CNS to muscles & glands are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the body are sensory (afferent) neurons located? |
|
Definition
| In sensory ganglia (PNS) & sensory organs |
|
|
Term
| Where in the body are motor (efferent) neurons located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the body are association (interneurons) located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristis of Action potential |
|
Definition
Nerve impulse only in axon
Long-distance
All-or-non phenomenon
Doesn't decrease in strength |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of graded potential |
|
Definition
Everywhere in cell
Short-distance
Depends on strength of stimulus (graded) |
|
|
Term
Charge of a cell membrane
a. when resting
b. threshold
c. peak |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major structural type of neurons in CNS is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of neurons are unipolar or bipolar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of neurons are multipolar? |
|
Definition
Motor (efferent)
Association (interneurons) |
|
|
Term
| Minimal graded potential necessary to raise MP to a level that will open Na+ channels is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Time when an excited cell absolutely cannot generate another AP is called |
|
Definition
| Absoulte refractory period |
|
|
Term
| Time when an excited cell can initiate another action potential by a larger-than-normal stimulus |
|
Definition
| Relative refractory period |
|
|
Term
| During depolarization, membrane becomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During hyperpolarization, the membrane becomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name for flow of ions parallel to membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of A-fibers |
|
Definition
Largest diameter
Myelinated
Fastest propagation
|
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of B-fibers |
|
Definition
Medium diameter
Lightly myelinated
Medium-speed propagation |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of C-fibers |
|
Definition
Smallest diameter
Unmyelinated
Slowest propagation |
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