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| Study of structure & shape of the body and its parts |
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| Study of how the body functions and emphasizes that the structer of a part determines how it functions |
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| Equilibrium- most functions attempt to maintain internal environment |
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| Atoms forming molecules and compounds. |
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| molecules combine to for structural and functional compoments of cell. |
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| Groups of similar cell work together to prefom a specific function |
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| different tissues working together having a recongnizable shape and specific function(s). |
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| Sum a of all chemical processes in the body- catabolism and anabolism |
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| ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and/or external environments. |
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| motion of the whole organism or components even within the cell. |
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| increase in size and/or number od cells |
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| process of unspecialized cells becoming specialized. |
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| Formation of new cells for growth, repair or replacment or the production of new individuals. |
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controlled by endocrine and nerveous systems
Stress will disrupt balance.
Effects of stress counteracted by feedback mechanisms
negative feedback- body output counteracts the stress (input)- most feedbacks systems in the body are negative
Positive feedback- output internsifies input-usually deadly or destructive.
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| erect facing foward with palms of hand foward feet flat on floor |
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| higher than another structure or point of reference from the perspective od anatomical position. |
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| lower that another structure or point of reference from the perspective of anatomaical position |
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| Near or pertaining to the back or spinal side of the body |
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| Toward the midline of an organ or median plane of the body |
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| Away from the midline of an organ or median plane of the body |
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| Relatively near a point of origan or attachment |
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| relatively distant from a point of origin or attachment |
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| relatively close to the surface |
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| relatively far from th body surface |
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| divide into right & left parts |
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| Divide into anterior & posterior |
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| Horizontal (transverse) Plane |
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| divides into superior & inferior |
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| Space which contain internal organs |
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| cavities in the dorsal region |
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| cavities in the ventral region divided into sub-regions by diaphragm |
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| Thoracic cavity & mediastinal cavity |
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| contain the heart in pericardial cavity and lungs in the pleural cavities |
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| divided into two sub-regions by an imaginary line from the crest of the pelvis into the superior abdominal cavity containing the majority of the digestive structures and liver; and the inferior pelvic cavity containg the reproductive structures in females and lower portions of the digestive tract in all |
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| Four Quadrants in the abdomino |
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| Plevic cavityplacment of major internal strucres |
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| Nine Regions in the abdominc-pelvic cavity |
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| epigastric, upper left & right hypochondriac, umbilical, right & left lumber; hypogastric (pubic), right & left iliac (inguinal) |
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| Extracellular substance in which connective tissue cells are embeded. |
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| consists mainly of a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes resting on the basement membrane |
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| consists of several kayers if keratinocytes. In most skin, this is the thickest stratum, but think skin it is usually exceeded by the stratum corneum. |
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| consists of three to five layers of flat keratinocytes- more in thick skin than in thin skin. The kerationcytes of this layer contains coarse, dark staining keratohyalin granules that give the layer its name. |
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| is a thin zone superficial to the stratum granulosum, seen only in thick skin. |
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| consists of up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells that from a durable surace layer. |
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| Function in diffusion of gases, movement of fluids & dissolved substances by osmosis. (alveolar, blood vessels) |
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| function in seceretion; absorption of water |
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| function in absorption of nuetrients- modified with microvilli |
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| function in protection against microbes & water- many contain keratin |
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| function in protection, secretion- found in male urethra |
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| unusual- function in protection- found in eye, male urethra, sweat glands |
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| Pseudo-Stratified Columnar |
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| Function in secertion- movement of materials; found in large excretory ducts, respiratory tracts. |
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| prevents distention- found in urinary bladder |
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| most abundant-highly vascular containing varied cells with large amount of intracellular matrix; functioning in prtection, support, binding, storage. |
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| Mesnchyme and mucus connective |
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| Composed of Collagen, elastic, reticular fibers; fibrolasts, macrophages, plasma cells in matrix- located around organs, dermis, & subcutaneous layers of skin- provides strength, elasticity and support |
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| lubricates joints, maintains shape |
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| provides support, adhesion of cartilage, bone, heart valves, cornea of the eye & umbilical cord |
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| found in cartilage, tendons, ligaments |
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| Composed of collagen & glycoproteins- provide supporting network around fat and nerve cells, muscle fibers, and blod vessels |
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| composed of protein elastin- provide flexible support to skin and blood vessels |
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| cells which form fuctional parts of organs |
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| Cellss of supporting connective tissue |
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Parenchyma cells undergo regeneration.
stroma repair occurs by filbroblasts to replace damage connective tissue and can replace parenchyma with scar tissue |
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| results when scar rissue from fibrosis joins adjacent tissue normally in abdomen |
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| superficial repair begins with removal of dead WBC's, scab formation occurs & parenchymal cells regenerate- more extensive damage granulation tissue is formed |
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| nutrition vitamins A,B,C,D,E,&K are important plus a protien rich diet- excellent local blood circulation- age. |
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