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Definition
| mechanism that allows the eye to focus at various distances, primarily achieved by changing the curvature of the lens |
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Definition
| a sensory receptor that detects the presence of chemicals; responsible for taste, smell, and monitoring the concentration of certain chemicals in body fluids |
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Definition
| sensory receptor that responds to a bending or deformation of the cell; examples include receptors for touch, pressure, hearing, and equilibrium |
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Definition
| a sensory receptor that responds to tissue damage; pain receptor |
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Definition
| a sensory receptor that detects light; located in the retina of the eye |
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Definition
| a type of mechanoreceptor located in muscles, tendons, and joints; provides information about body position and movements |
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Definition
| phenomenon in which some receptors respond when a stimulus is first applied but decrease their response if the stimulus is maintained; receptor sensitivity decreases with prolonged stimulation |
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| a sensory receptor that detects changes in temperature |
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| tympanic membrane; eardrum |
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| defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye resulting in a distorted image on the retina |
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| inflammation of the edges of the eyelid |
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| hearing loss associated with impaired transmission of sound waves from the external ear to the fluids in the cochlea |
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| disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure from an accumulation of aqueous humor due either to an increased production or to decreased drainage; the increased pressure causes pathological changes in the optic disk and typical defects in the field of vision; if untreated, can lead to blindness |
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Definition
| a defect in vision in which light rays focus beyond the retina; farsightedness |
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Definition
| inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear resulting in dizziness and loss of balance; otitis interna |
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Definition
| a gradually progressive condition that results in the loss of central vision because of the breakdown of cells in the macula lutea; frequently affects older people |
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Definition
| a chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by recurring attacks of dizziness, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss; attacks vary in duration and frequency |
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| a defect in vision in which light rays focus in front of the retina; nearsightedness |
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| a condition in which the individual has difficulty seeing at night; night blindness |
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| a fungal infection of the external ear; also called swimmer's ear |
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Definition
| progressive formation of bony tissue around the oval window, immobilizing the stapes; results in conduction deafness |
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Definition
| visiual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using and otoscope |
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Definition
| impairment of hearing resulting from aging |
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Definition
| impairment of vision cause by aging |
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Definition
| hearing loss as a result of damage along any part of the auditory pathway from the receptor cells in the cochlea to the auditory cortex of the cerebrum; noise-related damage to the receptor cells in the cochlear in this type of deafness |
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Definition
| a chart, printed with lines of black letters that are graduated in size from smallest on the bottom to largest on the top, used for testing visual acuity |
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Definition
| a ringing or buzzing sound in the ears |
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Definition
| measurement of the tension or pressure within the eye, which is useful in detecting glaucoma |
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Definition
| inflammation of the tympanic membrane |
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Definition
| a feeling of dizziness, loss of balance, and lightheadedness caused by a disturbance of the semi-circular canals, utricle, saccule, or vestibular nerve |
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| age-related macular degeneration |
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right eye
(oculus dexter) |
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left eye
(oculus sinister) |
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Definition
| anterior portion of the pituitary gland |
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Definition
| gland that secretes its product directly into the blood; opposite of exocrine gland |
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Definition
| gland that secretes its product to a surface or cavity through ducts; opposite endocrine gland |
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Definition
| a substance secreted by an endocrine gland |
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Definition
| a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus |
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Definition
| posterior portion of the pituitary gland |
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Definition
| a group of substance, derived from fatty acids, that are produced in small amounts and have an immediate, short-term, localized effect; sometimes called local hormones |
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Definition
| a tissue (cells) that responds to a particular hormone because it has receptor sites for that hormone |
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| assemble, gather together |
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| enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive growth hormone in the adult |
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Definition
| a group of synthetic derivatives of testosterone that are used clinically to promote growth and repair of body tissues; used illegally by athletes to increase strength and muscle mass |
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Definition
| dwarfism caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormone in childhood and usually accompanied by mental retardation |
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Definition
| a group of symptoms caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol; characterized by excessive deposition of fat in the subscapular area and in the face (moon face), high blood pressure, generalized weakness & loss of muscle mass because of excessive protein catabolism; may be cause by overproduction of cortisol or by taking glucocorticoid hormone medications to treat inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis |
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Definition
| a metabolic disorder caused by a deficient quantity of antidiuretic hormone, resulting in a large quantity of dilute urine (polyuria) and great thirst (polydipsia) |
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Definition
| disorder caused by a deficiency of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreatic islets; characterized by a disturbance in the metabolism of blood glucose and manifested by polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia |
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Definition
| any disease caused by a disorder of the endocrine system |
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Definition
| study of the endocrine glands |
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Term
| glucose tolerance test (GTT) |
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Definition
| a blood sugar test performed at specified intervals after the patient has been given a certain amount of glucose; blood sameples are drawn, and the blood glucose level of each sample is determined |
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Definition
| a condition of swelling attributable to an accumulation of mucus in the skin; results from deficiency of thyroid hormone in adult |
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Definition
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| excessive ingestion of food |
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Definition
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| a condition of premature old age occurring in childhood, which may be due to hormone dysfunction |
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Term
| adrenocorticotropic hormone |
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Definition
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| follicle-stimulating hormone |
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Definition
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Term
| gestational diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
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Term
| growth hormone (somatotropin) |
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Definition
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Term
| human chronic gonadotropin |
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Definition
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Term
| interstitial cell-stimulating hormone |
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Definition
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Term
| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; type I diabetes or juvenile-onset diabetes |
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Definition
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Term
| luteinizing hormone (luteotropin) |
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Definition
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Term
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (melanotropin) |
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Definition
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Term
| non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; type II diabetes or maturity onset diabetes |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| prolactin (lactogenic hormone) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| triiodothyronine (thyroid hormone) |
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Definition
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Term
| tetraiodothyronine (thyroid hormone) |
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Definition
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Definition
| a specific substance in plasma that is capable of causing a clumping of red blood cells |
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Definition
| a genetically determined antigen on the cell membrane of a red blood cell that determines blood type |
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Definition
| the process of blood clotting |
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Definition
| the process by which white blood cells squeeze between the cells in a vessel wall to enter the tissue spaces outside the blood vessel |
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Definition
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Definition
| the process of red blood cell formation |
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Definition
| a hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production |
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Definition
| a stem cell in the bone marrow from which the blood cells arise |
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Definition
| blood cell production, which occurs in the red bone marrow; also called hematopoiesis |
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Definition
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Definition
| one of the formed elements of the blood; function in blood clotting; also called platelet |
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| clumping, sticking together |
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Definition
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Definition
| deficiency in red blood cells, or hemoglobin; most common form is iron deficiency anemia caused by a lack of iron to make hemoglobin; other types are aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, sick cell anemia, and thalassemia |
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Term
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Definition
| any disorder of blood coagulation |
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Term
ecchymosis
plural: ecchymoses |
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Definition
| a blue or purplish patch in the skin caused by intradermal hemorrhage; larger than a petechia; a bruise |
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Term
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Definition
| a moving clot or other plug; an object, often a blood clot, that moves in the blood until it obstructs a small vessel and blocks circulation |
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Definition
| an increase in the number of red blood cells as a result of factors other than a disorder of the hematopoietic mechanism; secondary polycythemia |
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Definition
| lab procedure that measures the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood; also used for the value determined by the procedure |
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Definition
| excessive bleeding caused by a congenital lack of one or more of the factors necessary for blood clotting; treatment of hemophilia is directed at replacing the missing clotting factors to control and prevent bleeding |
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Definition
| an increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood, which may result from hemorrhage, fecer, infection, inflammation, or other factors |
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Definition
| a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the blood |
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Definition
| malignant tumor of the bone marrow |
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Term
petechia
plural: petechiae |
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Definition
| a pinpoint, purplish red spot in the skin caused by intradermal hemorrhage |
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Term
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Definition
| the removal of plasma from withdrawn blood with the retransfusion of the formed elements into the donor |
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Term
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Definition
| any type of increase in the number of red blood cells |
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Definition
| a group of disorders characterized by a multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin |
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Definition
| an immature red blood cell with a network of granules in its cytoplasm |
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Definition
| a lower than normal number of thrombocytes, or platelets, in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| acute myelogenous leukemia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| chronic myelocytic leukemia |
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Definition
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Term
| disseminated (diffuse) intravascular coagulation |
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Definition
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Term
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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| mean corpuscular hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| valve between an atrium and a ventricle in the heart |
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Definition
| a complete heartbeat consisting of contraction and relaxation of both atria and both ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume pumped from one ventricle in 1 minute; usually measured by the left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac muscle cells specialized for conducting action potentials to the myocardium; part of the conduction system of the heart; also called Purkinje fibers |
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|
Definition
| relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle; opposite of systole |
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Term
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Definition
| valve between a ventricle of the heardt and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins |
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Term
|
Definition
| the volume of blood ejected from one ventricle during one contraction; normally about 70 milliliters |
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Definition
| contraction phase of the cardiac cycle; opposite of diastole |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| acute chest pain caused by decreased blood supply to the heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| an electronic device that stimulates the initiation of an impulse within the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| a physical assessment procedure using a stethoscope to listen to sounds within the chest, abdomen, and other parts of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| cessation of an effective heartbeat; heart may be completely stopped or quivering ineffectively in fibrillation |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of inserting a thin, fliexible tube, called a catheter, into a vein or artery and guiding it into the heart for the purpose of detecting pressures and patterns of blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| any primary disease of the heart muscle |
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Definition
| condition in which the heart's pumping ability is impaired and results in fluid accumulation in vessels and tissue spaces; various states of difficult breathing occur as fluid accululates in pulmonary vessles and lung tissue |
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Term
| coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) |
|
Definition
| a surgical procedure in which a blood vessel from another part of the body is used to bypass the blocked region of a coronary artery |
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Term
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Definition
| hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by hypertension in the pulmonary circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure in which an electric shock is applied to the heart with a defibrillator to stop an abnormal heart rhythm |
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Term
|
Definition
| a noninvasive clinical procedure using pulses of high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that are transmitted into the chest, and echoes returning from the valves, chambers and surfaces of the heart are plotted and recorded; provides information about valvular or strcutural defects and coronary artery disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| rapid, random, ineffectual, and irregular contractions of the heart at 350 or more beats per minute |
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Term
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Definition
| impairment of conduction of impulses from the sinoatrial node to heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| improper closure of the mitral valve when the heart is pumping blood; also called floppy valve syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of a region of heart muscle as a result of oxygen deprivation because of a blockage in blood vessels to that area; sometimes called a heart attack or MI |
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Term
|
Definition
| any disorder of the heart valves including insufficiency, stenosis, and prolapse |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| ateriosclerotic heart disease |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| coronary artery bypass graft |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| myocardial infarction; mitral insufficiency |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| premature ventricular contraction |
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