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Definition
| Involves the expenditure of extra energy from the cell's own energy reserves and can result in net movement of solute uphill against a concentration gradient. |
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Definition
| One solute may be exchanged for another in a process of exchange. |
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Definition
| A large family of enzymes. |
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Definition
| Proteins that actually bind individual solute molecules on one side of the membrane and release the solute ont he opposide side of the membrane. |
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Definition
| Barrel-shaped poers that enclose a small water-filled passage through which solutes diffuse as if in a free solution. |
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Definition
| Multiple solutes of different types may need to bind to the carrier before all are translocated. |
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Definition
| The movement of a substance due to the random movement of its individual particles. |
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Definition
| A fasctor that determines the rate of net movement of a substance by diffusion, it is a property that depends on the particle size of the substance and the nature of the medium in which diffusion is occuring. |
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Definition
| The charge seperation generated by this process can be measured as an electrical voltage between the two chambers. |
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Definition
| A key factor that determine the rate of net movement of a substance by diffusion. Greater distance reduce the rate of net movement. |
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Definition
| Changes the regulated variable in the direction of the set point. |
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Definition
| A process of cellular uptake in which a small region of the plasma membrane is first indented to form a pocket and then is pinched off to form an endocytotic vesicle. |
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Definition
| A packet of plasma membrane containing anything that was within the pocket when it formed. |
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Definition
| Any of a very large class of complex percutaneous substances (as amylases or pepsi) that are produced by living cells, that are essential to life by adcting like catalysts for the body, permitting it to carry our reactions at body temperature that would require a much higher temperature if conducted without catalysts. |
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Definition
| The magnitude of the equilibrium potential (E) is directly related to the magnitude of the concentration gradient, since one must balance the other. |
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Definition
| A process in which one solute may be exchanged for another (antiport). |
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Definition
| A process in which intracellular vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents to the exterior. |
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Definition
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Term
| Extracellular Compartment |
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Definition
| All of the solution outside cells. |
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Definition
All the fluid outside cells, which has two main components:
-The interstitial fluid
-The blood plasma |
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Definition
| A solution that contains a higher impermeant solute concentration and causes cells to shrink. |
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Definition
| A homeostatic challenge that adds additional impermeant solute to the ECF without changing the total water content of the body will drive movement of water from the intracellular compartment to the extracellular compartment until the osmotic concentrations of both compartments are again equal, but higher than normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A solution that contains a lower concentration of impermeant solute than normal cytoplasm (and therefore a higher osmotic strength) and cuases cells placed in it to swell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A homeostatic challenge that decreases total extracellular solute will result in osmotic flow of water into the cells until the osmotic concentration of the two compartments becomes equal, but lower than normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid that immediately surrounds cell in tissues. |
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Term
| Intracellular Compartment |
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Definition
| A compartment, which is surrounded by a water-permeable barrier, that holds all of the cytoplasm of a cell. |
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Definition
| Atoms or molecules that have an electrical charge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Solutions throughout most organs and tissues in which the osmotic concentration of the cytoplasm is approximately 300mOsmoles/liter. |
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