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Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Test #2
Anatomy & Physiology of Animals
88
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 2
04/07/2010

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Term
Study of muscles.
Definition
Myology
Term
Also called involuntary or unstraited muscle.
Definition
Smooth Muscles
Term
Also called involuntary striated muscle.
Definition
Cardiac Muscle.
Term
Also called voluntary or skeletal muscle.
Definition
Striated.
Term
This muscle type makes up the meat or flesh of domestic animals.
Definition
Skeletal
Term
A cell membrane sheath covering muscle cells.
Definition
Sarcolemma
Term
Fat interspersed between muscle bundles.
Definition
Marbling
Term
Relaxed muscles have a very ____ (high, low) level of Ca2
Definition
low
Term
For a muscle to remain in the relaxed state, it must also contain a relatively high concentration of ____
Definition
ATP
Term
Neurotransmitter needed for muscle contraction.
Definition
Acetylcholine
Term
Color of muscle which performs sustained and continous work.
Definition
Red
Term
Flat sheets of tendon found covering the muscles of the loin.
Definition
Aponeuroses
Term
The least movable attachment of muscle to bone.
Definition
Origin
Term
muscle located on the side of the limb towards which the join bends in decreasing the angle between the segments.
Definition
Flexor
Term
Muscles that tend to pull a limb toward the median plane
Definition
Adductor
Term
Muscles that surround an opening
Definition
Sphincters
Term
Muscles that are responsible for movement of the skin
Definition
Cutaneous muscle
Term
The resistance of a muscle to stretch
Definition
Tonus
Term
Type of muscle found in the iris and ciliary body or the eye
Definition
Multi Unit
Term
Hormone which inhibits peristalsis
Definition
Epinephrine
Term
Also called high mountain disease.
Definition
Brisket
Term
Modified muscle fibers confined the ventricles of mammalian hearts.
Definition
Purkinje Network
Term
Condition occurs when insufficient relaxation period occurs
Definition
tetany
Term
Type of muscle contraction where muscle operates against an immovable resistance
Definition
Isometric
Term
The muscle antagonistic to the biceps brachii.
Definition
Triceps brachii
Term
Also called milk teeth
Definition
Temporary teeth
Term
______, ______, and ______ are three types of teeth according to their manner of growth
Definition
True teeth, constantly growing teeth, and constantly erupting teeth.
Term
Cutting teeth.
Definition
Incisors
Term
Tearing or seizing teeth.
Definition
Canines
Term
Griding or shearing teeth.
Definition
Molars
Term
Part of the tooth which is found at the gum line
Definition
Neck
Term
Part of the tooth which protrudes above the gum line
Definition
Crown
Term
Part of the tooth embedded in the tooth socket.
Definition
Root
Term
Hardest tissue in the body
Definition
Enamel
Term
outermost covering of the tooth
Definition
Table surface
Term
forms the bulk of most teeth
Definition
dentine
Term
soft gelatinous tissue in center of tooth
Definition
Pulp
Term
List the three principal pairs of salivary glands.
Definition
Parotid, Submaxillary, Sublingual
Term
Forms the roof of the mouth
Definition
hard palate
Term
A condition seen occaisonally in young horses.  It is not a disease, but a passing inflammation of the mucosa covering the hard palate during eruption of the permanent incisor teeth.
Definition
Lampers (palatitis)
Term
A common passage for food and air
Definition
Pharynx
Term
Auditory tubes
Definition
eustachian
Term
In the act of swallowing the _________ prevents food or saliva from going down the ________
Definition
Epiglottis, trachea.
Term
Protrusion of the stomach above the diaphragm
Definition
Hiatus
Term
The three sections of the simple stomach, in order (cranial to caudal)
Definition
Cordia, fundus, pylorus
Term
What are the 4 layers of tissue in the wall of the simple stomach in order from out to in
Definition
Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
Term
What are the four parts to the ruminent stomach in order
Definition
Rumen, reticulum, omsaum, abomasum
Term
Also called the paunch
Definition
Rumen
Term
Also called the true stomach
Definition
Abomasum
Term
Also called the manyplies
Definition
Omasum
Term
Also called the honeycomb
Definition
reticulum
Term
What are the 3 sections of the small intestines (in order)
Definition
Duodenum, jejenum, ileum
Term
Start of the location of hardware's disease
Definition
reticulum
Term
Enzyme secreted by the crypts of Lieberkuhn which activates the pancreatic secretion of trypsinogen and amylase
Definition
Enterokinase
Term
Also called the blind sac
Definition
Cecum
Term
In the dog, the 1st part of the large intestines from the blind sac
Definition
Ascending Colon
Term
Two enzymes produced in the islets of Langerhans
Definition
Insulin and Glucagon
Term
Location of Bile Production
Definition
Liver
Term
Location of bile storage in all domestic animals other than the horse.
Definition
Gallbladder
Term
Used to help diagnose a diseased pancrease (fecal test)
Definition
Fecal trypsin determination
Term
Lining of the abdominal cavity
Definition
Perotineum
Term
Fingerlike projections which protrude into the lumen of the intestines
Definition
Villi
Term
Breakdown of feed particles into suitable products for absorption
Definition
Digestion
Term
Chewing
Definition
Mastication
Term
Animal that only eats meat and flesh
Definition
Carnivore
Term
Plants make CHO through process called
Definition
Photosynthesis
Term
Three examples of monosaccharides
Definition
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Mannose, Arabinose, Xylose
Term
Also called animal starch
Definition
Glycogern
Term
Called plant starch
Definition
Amalose
Term
Produces 2.25 times as much energy as CHO
Definition
Lipids
Term
Measures the relationship between protein retention and protein absorption
Definition
Biological value
Term
Makes up half the mineral content in the body
Definition
Macro : Ca, P, NA, CL
Term
Three electrolytes needed for maintaing balance in the body
Definition
Sodium, Potassium, Calicum
Term
The 4 fat soluble vitamins
Definition
A, E, D, K
Term
Starch splitting enzyme found in saliva of dogs and pigs
Definition
Amylase
Term
Stomach protein splitting enzyme
Definition
Pepsin
Term
Enzymes produced by acinar cells
Definition
trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase
Term
Pancreatic enzyme which breaks fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Definition
Steapsin
Term
Sometimes bile precipitates from bile forming these in the bile ducts or storage area for bile.
Definition
Gallstones
Term
Parietal cells secrete _____, a protein that serves as a carrier for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12
Definition
Hydrochloric Acid
Term
This nerve provides parasympathetic fibers to nearly all of the abdominal viserca
Definition
Vagus Nerve
Term
Rhythmic waves down the GIT propels food at a set rate
Definition
Peristalsis
Term
Vomiting Center of the body (control)
Definition
Medulla Oblongata
Term
Telescoping of the gut
Definition
Intussusception
Term
Where most of the absorption takes place
Definition
Ileum
Term
An example of an NPN
Definition
NH3 - Ammonia, Urea
Term
Consists of two or more bulging lips on the right wall of the reticulum which is used to bypass liquids from the reminoreticulum
Definition
Fundus
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