Term
| what is the role of an agonist? |
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Definition
| -binds to and excites the receptor, eliciting a normal response |
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Term
| what is the role of an antagonist? |
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Definition
| -binds to and blocks the receptor,either preventing a normal response of yielding the opposite of the normal response |
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Term
| what is glaucoma? what drug is used to treat it? |
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Definition
-condition caused by the compression of the optic nerve by excess fluid
-M3 agonist (pilocarpine) |
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Term
| what are parasympathomimetics? |
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Definition
-muscarinic receptor agonists
-similar in structure to Ach
-cause paraysmpathetic response
-ex: pilocarpine is used to treat glaucoma. Pilocarpine induces contraction of the ciliary smooth muscle in the eye that aids in fluid drainage
-this drug is an M3 agonist |
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Term
| what is glaucoma? what is used to treat it? |
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Definition
-condition caused by the compression of the optic nerve by excess fluid
-M3 agonist (pilocarpine) |
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Term
| what are Ach-esterase inhibitors? |
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Definition
-prevent breakdown of Ach, allowing it to exert its effects for longer periods of time
-ex: physostigmine and neostigmine |
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Term
| what is physostigmine? what does it do? |
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Definition
-example of Ach-esterase inhibitor
-used to treat digestive disorders that result in a decrease in gut motility
-drug increases gut activity or motility and increases Ach activity at M3 |
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Term
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Definition
-example of Ach-esterase inhibitor
-drug used to treat myasthenia gravis
-drug increases likelihood that functional N2 receptors will be stimulated |
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Term
| what are anticholinergics? |
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Definition
-Ach receptor antagonists
-ex: atropine, curare |
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Term
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Definition
-example of anticholinergic
-drug that is a specifically muscarinic receptor blocker
-drug blocks parasympathetic response, so it is an antagonist
-used to reduce salivation and mucus production before surgery because it decreases glandular secretions through M3 |
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Term
| how does atropine reduce salivation and mucus production before surgery? |
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Definition
| -decreases glandular secretions through M3 |
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Term
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Definition
-example of an anticholinergic
-N2 receptor blocker of antagonist
-decreases skeletal muscle activity
-best known as an arrow poison used in South America, & causes paralysis |
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Term
| what are sympathomimetics? |
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Definition
-adrenergic receptors and agonists
-similar in structure to epinephrine & norepinephrine
-cause sympathetic response
-ex: ventolin is a treatment for asthma bc it causes relaxation of bronchiole smooth muscle and increases airflow through beta2 |
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Term
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Definition
| -treatment for asthma bc it causes relaxation of bronchiole smooth muscle & increases airflow through beta2 |
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Term
| what are antiadrenergics? |
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Definition
-adrenergic receptor antagonists
-block sympathetic response
-ex: propranolol is specifically a beta1 receptor blocker. used as treatment for high blood pressure bc the drug causes a decrease in heart rate, which leads to a decrease in blood pressure
-ex: hytrin, specifically an antagonist that is an alpha1 receptor blocker. for treatment of hypoxia, which is lowered blood delivery of oxygen to tissues via blood vessels. treats hypoxia bc it causes vasodilation of blood vessels & increases blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| -example of antiadrenergic, specifically a beta1 receptor blocker. used as treatment for high blood pressure bc the drug causes a decrease in heart rate, which leads to a decrease in blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| -example of an antiadrenergic, specifically an antagonist that is an alpha1 receptor blocker. for treatment of hypoxia, which is lowered blood delivery of oxygen to tissues via blood vessels. treats hypoxia bc it causes vasodilation of blood vessels & increases blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
-condition in which there is lowered blood delivery of oxygen to tissues via the blood vessels
-treated with hytrin, an antagonist alpha1 receptor blocker (antiadrenergic) |
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Term
| how does hytrin treat hypoxia? |
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Definition
| -causes vasodilation of blood vessels and increases blood flow |
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