substance that denotes or releases hydrogen ions when it ionizes in water

imbalance caused be excess H⁺ which causes the blood pH to decrease below 7.35

there is respiratory acidosis & metabolic acidosis

anterior pituitary gland

adenosine triphosphate

ATP

energy-storing & energy-transferring molecule found in all cells

imbalance associated with a decrease in H⁺ concentration & an increase in blood pH >7.45

There is a respiratory alkalosis & metabolic alkalosis

negatively charged ion

basic unit of an element

composed of 3 subatomic particles: neutrons, protons, & electrons

substances such as hydroxyl ion (OH^-) that combines with hydrogen ion (H⁺)

substance that resists changes in pH

"This" can either remove or add H⁺ thereby agjusting the pH

carbon dioxide

(CO₂)

the waste product of cellular metabolism

any substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

positively charged ion

substance that forms two or more chemical elements (differing atoms)

ex: wather (H₂O)

bond or attraction formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

forms into ions when dissolved in water

capable of conducting electrical current

- substance composed of only one kind of atom

- a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reaction

- all matter, living or dead, are composed of "these"

- 4 ________ make up 96% of the body weight: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen

ability to perform work

organic catalyst

it speeds of the rate of a chemical reaction

when proteins perform the role of catalysts

weak intermolecular bond formed between hydrogen & a negatively charged atom such as oxygen or nitrogen

an atom that is electrically charged

elements that carry an electrical charge are either cations or anions

elements that have the same # of protons & electrons but a different # of neutrons

a different form of the same atom

Remember: "this" has the the same atomic # as an atom but a different atomic weight

anything that occupies space & has weight

may occur as solid, liquid, or gas

can undergo physical & chemical changes

combination of 2 two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means

When separated, the substances retain their original properties.

substance formed by 2 or more atoms

a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration

a measurement that indicates how many H⁺ are in a solution

mixture in which the particles that are mixed together remain evenly distributed

substance in which the solute is dissolved or mixed

mixture in which the large particles gradually settle to the bottom unless continuously shaken or agitated

4 major elements

in the body

carbon - 65%

hydrogen - 18.5%

oxygen -9.5%

nitrogen - 3.2%

percentage of body weight totaling aprox. 96%

mechanical

chemical

electrical

radiant

thermal

nuclear

symbol - NH₄⁺

important in acid base regulation

if water is the solvent, then the solution is referred to as "this"

the # of protons in the nucleus

determined by adding the # of protons & neutrons in the nucleus

symbol - HCO₃^_

function - important in acid-base regulation

symbol - Ca²⁺

function - component of bones & teeth; blood clotting; muscle contraction

symbol - C

18.5% of body weight

the electrical attraction

ex: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, & hydrogen bonds

ex: a log being burned would be "this"

energy stored in chemical bonds

When chemical bonds are broken, "this" is released.

ex: fuel to do work, like running

a process where the atoms of molecules or compounds interact to form new chemical combinations

the study of matter

symbol - Cl^-

function - primary extracellular anion

symbol - Cl

symbol - Cr

a trace element

a gel-like substance that resembles egg whites

where the particles do not disolve, but they are so small that they remain suspended

symbol - Cu

a trace element

symbol - Co

a trace element

unstable isotopes

carry a negativr electrical charge

symbol - F

a trace element

symbol - H⁺

9.5% of body weight

function - important in acid-base balance

study of non-carbon-containing substances

symbol - Fe²⁺

function - component of hemoglobin (oxygen transport)

caused by a transfer of electrons between atoms

symbol - I

a trace element

symbol - Mg

energy that causes movement

ex: movement of legs running, walking; contraction of heart muscle, causing movement of blood

carry no electrical charge

symbol - N

3.2% of body weight

energy released during the decay of radioactive substances such as isotopes

not used physiologically

the study of carbon-containing substances

symbol - O

65% of body weight

indicates the H⁺ concentration

A pH of 0 is most acidic

If the pH is >7.45, the patient is said to be alkalotic.

symbol - PO³₄^_

function - component of bones & teeth

component of ATP (energy)

symbol - P

ex: a log being chopped into smaller pieces

a molecule that has a lopsided charge

a positive & negative end

symbol - K⁺

function - nerve & muscle function; chief intracellular cation

carry a positive electricsl charge

light

the process of spontaneous breakdown (decay)

symbol - Na

function - fluid balance (principal extracellular cation) & nerve-muscle function

symbol - S

symbol - Se

a trace element

chemical energy converted into heat

ex: responsible for body temperature

if alcohol is the solvent, the solution is referred as "this"

elements that are presented in tiny amounts

despite the tiny amounts "these" are essential to life

symbol - Zn

a trace element