Term
| The CNS is derived from __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Around day _____, the dorsal ectoderm thickens to form a neural plate |
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Definition
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Term
| At day ___, the neural plate forms a crease forming the neural groove flanked by the neural folds |
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Definition
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Term
| The neural folds fuse to form the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What disorder will be present if the anterior portion of the neural tube does not close by day 25? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disorder is present if the posterior portion of the neural tube doesn't close by day 27? |
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Definition
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Term
| By week 4 of gestation, the anterior portions of the neural tube expand to form 3 primary brain vesicles. Name them. |
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Definition
1. Proencephalon
2. Mesencephalon
3. Rhombencephalon |
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Term
| What is the brainstem composed of? |
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Definition
1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla |
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Term
| At week 5 of gestation, what does the proencephalon turn in to? |
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Definition
| Telencephalon and Diencephalon |
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Term
| At week 5 of gestation, what does the rhombencephalon become? |
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Definition
| Metencephalon and the Myelencephalon |
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Term
Match the following secondary brain vesicles with the adult brain structures.
1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
4. Metencephalon
5. Myelencephalon
A. Midbrain and cerebral aqueduct
B. Cerebrum and lateral ventricles
C. Pons, cerebellum, and anterior portion of the 4th ventricle
D. Diencephalon and 3rd ventricle
E. Medulla and the posterior portion of the 4th ventricle.
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Definition
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Term
| This disorder of embryonic development of the CNS is the result of the anterior neuropore not closing. The cerebral hemispheres are also absent. |
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Definition
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Term
| This disorder of embryonic development of the CNS is described as a malformation of the ventral mesoderm induction. It results in marked facial deformities (sometimes they have a cycloptic eye) |
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Definition
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Term
| This disorder of embryonic development of the CNS results in an increase in the pressure or volume of the CSF. |
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Definition
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Term
| This disorder of embryonic development of the CNS results in incomplete spinal cord closure. Folic acid ingested by pregnant females reduces the risk of this by 75%. |
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Definition
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Term
| What separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What separates the parietal and occipital lobe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What separates the temporal lobe from the other lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ refers to a plate of gray matter |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ refers to the fact that the cortex is not symmetrical |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ controls voluntary movements |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is found anterior and lateral to the premotor cortex; typically on the left hemisphere. Known as the "motor speech area" |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is found on the posterior temporal lobe, typically only on the left hemisphere. Responsible for the articulation of language |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ is found in the insula and is responsible for conscious visceral sensations. |
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Definition
| Visceral association area |
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Term
| Name the three types of nerve fibers. |
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Definition
Commissural
Association
Projection |
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Term
| _______ connects gray areas between hemispheres |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ connect gray areas within a hemisphere. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ connect gray areas of the cortex with areas in the lower brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| The basal ganglia contains four pairs of nuclei. Name them |
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Definition
| Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and amygdala |
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Term
| The lentiform and caudate nuclei are collectively called the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| This structure's function helps to coordinate the motor functions of the cerebral cortex. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 structures contained in the diencephalon |
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Definition
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Epithalamus |
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Term
| The _______ lies at the floor of the 3rd ventricle between the optic chiasma and mammillary bodies. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ lies at the base of the hypothalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the hypothalamus do? |
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Definition
| Regulates body temperature; sensors for hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms, etc. |
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Term
| _______ produces the hormone melatonin from serotonin; synthesis increases in the dark. |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F? The cerebellum is included in the brain stem |
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Definition
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Term
| The brainstem contains nuclei for cranial nerves _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ is composed of the mesencephalon, metencephalon, and the myencephalon. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ is derived from the embryonic mesencephalon. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ are found on the anterior portion of the midbrain |
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Definition
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Term
| Cerebral peduncles contain fibers of the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ runs through the center of the midbrain. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the midbrain, the _______ is composed of two embedded nuclei deep to the cerebral peduncles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Degeneration of the nuclei in the substantia nigra is known as ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ are located deep to the substantia nigra; these nuclei are involved in control of muscle movements. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ contains the nucleus for the occulomotor nerve. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ is derived from the embryonic metencephalon. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ is composed of many tracts that connect the higher brain with the lower brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ houses the superior portion of the 4th ventricle. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ is derived from the embryonic myencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the decussation of the pyramids? |
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Definition
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Term
| The dorsal _____ contains nuclei and tracts important for carrying somatosensory information from the body to the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| This structure exhibits two hemispheres divided medially by a vermis |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F? The anterior lobe of the cerebellum is involved in the regulation of muscle tone. |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F? The posterior lobe of the cerebellum is involved in the coordination of voluntary motor activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ lobe of the cerebellum is involved in the maintenance of posture and balance. |
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Definition
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Term
| The cerebellar white matter is organized into a branching network called the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do fibers in the cerebellum communicate ispilaterally or contralaterally? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ are three connective tissue membranes that cover and protect the CNS. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ lies between the pia and dura maters. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is also known as pachymeninx |
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Definition
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Term
| Dura mater is heavily innervated by cranial nerves __ &___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ lies between the arachnoid and the pia mater; CONTAINS CSF |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ arise from the cavities of the embryonic brain vesicles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventricles are lined with ________ cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ contains the choroid plexuses that produce CSF |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ communicates with the lateral ventricles via the foramen of Munro (interventricular foramen) and is derived from the lumen of the diencephalon. |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior portion of the __________ is derived from the metencephalon, while the posterior portion is derived from myencephalon. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ communicated with the spinal cord via the central canal |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ is clear and acellular; found in the ventricles and subarachnoid space of the CNS. |
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Definition
| CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The total volume of CSF is around ____ mL. |
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Definition
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Term
| What removes CSF from the subarachnoid space? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ acts as a selective barrier and helps to regulate the brains chemical environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is responsible for the blood-brain barrier? |
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Definition
| Endothelium of the brain's blood |
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Term
| The _______ surrounds the structures of the diencephalon and gives rise to the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. (ACA, MCA, PCA). |
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Definition
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Term
| The "veins" of the brain are the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ are interruptions of the blood flow to the brain. (Cerebrovascular accidents). |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ sense pressure, toch, stretch, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ sense temperature |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ________ sense chemicals, tastes, and smells |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ sense painful stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ sense external stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ sense internal stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ sense stretch and position in skeletal muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ are located almost everywhere; respond primarily to pain and temperature |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ are located in the epidermis; responds to light touch |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is located around the hair follicle; responds to deflection of hair. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ adapt rapidly to a constant stimulus and primarily detect the onset and offset of a stimulus and a changing stimulus. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ detect steady stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ is a bundle of fibers. |
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Definition
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