Term
| what binds the perineum, what side |
|
Definition
| pubic symphysis anteriorly, coccyx posteriorly, ischial tuberosity (laterally) |
|
|
Term
| what is the shape of the perineum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is above the perineum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the urogenital triangle |
|
Definition
| anterior part of the pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
| what is the anal triangle |
|
Definition
| the posteior part of the pubic symphys |
|
|
Term
| in a male, what is the order of the openings in the perinerum from pubic symphysis to coccyx |
|
Definition
| urethra, perineal body, anus |
|
|
Term
| what forms the pelvic diaphragm |
|
Definition
| levator ant, coccygus, their fascia |
|
|
Term
| why is the pelvic diaphragm incomplete and where |
|
Definition
| anteriorly it has an opening for urethra or vagina |
|
|
Term
| what opening marks the midline of the pelvic diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the ischial recta fossa |
|
Definition
| fat filled fossa on each side of the anus |
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the skin by the anus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the lymph of the anus go to |
|
Definition
| medial superificial inguinal nodes |
|
|
Term
| what marks the lateral sides of the pelvic diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the sacrotuberous ligament |
|
Definition
| ligament that is by the ischial tuberosities and has the gluteus max msucle above it |
|
|
Term
| what is tposterior to the anal canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the anococcygeal body |
|
Definition
| mass of fibrous tissue that lies between anal canal and coccyx |
|
|
Term
| what is lateral to the anal canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is anterior to the anal canal in male |
|
Definition
| perineal body, urogenital diaphragm, membranous urethra, blub of penis |
|
|
Term
| what is anterior to the anal canal in females |
|
Definition
| preineal body, urogenital diaphgram, lower vagina |
|
|
Term
| where is the muscosal lining of the upper half of the anal canal derived from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the endothelium type of the upper anal canal |
|
Definition
| simple columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscos in verticle folds joined at elower ends by anal valves in the muscos in the upper half of the anal canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| semilunar folds ar teh ends of the anal columns in the mucosa of the upper half of the anal canal |
|
|
Term
| what are the remnents of the cloacal membrane |
|
Definition
| anal columns, anal valves |
|
|
Term
| what nerves supply the upper anal canal |
|
Definition
| autonomic hypogastric plexus |
|
|
Term
| what stimulation is the anal canal sensitive to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what artery supplies the anterior upper anal canal, where does it come from |
|
Definition
| superior rectal artery, inferior mesenteric |
|
|
Term
| what vein drains the upper anal canal, where does it train to |
|
Definition
| superior recctal, inferior mesenteric and portal |
|
|
Term
| where does the lymph from the upper anal canal go |
|
Definition
| along superior rectal a to pararectal nodes and then inferior mestnteric nodes |
|
|
Term
| where is the mucosa from the lower anal canal derived from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of epithelium is the lower anal canal |
|
Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| what is the perianal epiderms |
|
Definition
| what the stratified squamous epithelium gradually merges with at the anus |
|
|
Term
| what are the lower anal canal anal columns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the lower anal canal |
|
Definition
| somatic inferior nectal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what stimulus is the lower anal canal sensitive to |
|
Definition
| pain, temp, touch, and pressure |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the lower anal canal, where does it come from |
|
Definition
| inferior rectal from the internal pudenal a |
|
|
Term
| what veins drain the lower anal canal, what does that drain into |
|
Definition
| inferior rectal vein to the internal pudendal vein to the internal iliac |
|
|
Term
| where does the lymph from the lower anal canal go |
|
Definition
| dow to the medial group of superificial inguinal nodes |
|
|
Term
| what is the pectinate line |
|
Definition
| level where the upper and lower anal canals join, where valves are located |
|
|
Term
| which anal spinctor is involuntary, what is it made of, where is it located |
|
Definition
| internal, smooth muscle, upper |
|
|
Term
| what anal sphinctor is voluntary, what is it made of, where is it located |
|
Definition
| external, skeletal muscle, lower |
|
|
Term
| what is the deep external sphinctor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the superificial external sphinctor |
|
Definition
| attached to coccyx in back and perineal body in front |
|
|
Term
| what is the subcutanous external sphinctor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between the puborectalis and rectum |
|
Definition
| it makes a sling around the rectal junction on the external sphinctor |
|
|
Term
| where is the puborectalis attached, what is this called |
|
Definition
| to the pubic symphysis in the acute angle |
|
|
Term
| what is the analrectal ring |
|
Definition
| junction of the internal sphinctor, rectum, anal canal, deep external, puborectalis |
|
|
Term
| what does the ischiorectal fossa do |
|
Definition
| supports anal canal, fat allows for distension |
|
|
Term
| what forms the medial wall of the ischiorectal fossa |
|
Definition
| slope of levator ani and anal canal |
|
|
Term
| what forms the lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa |
|
Definition
| lower obturator internus and pelvic fasica |
|
|
Term
| what is the pundendial canal also called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is in the pundendial canal |
|
Definition
| pudendial nerve, internal pudendial vessels, |
|
|
Term
| what do the pudendial NOT INTERNAL, and internal pudendial vessels have to cross to get into the anal canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the pudendial nerve and INTERNAL pudendial vessels located |
|
Definition
| on lateral wall of ischerorectal fossa |
|
|
Term
| where does the pudendial nerve originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| desscribe the path of the pudendial nerve |
|
Definition
| exits pelvic cavity > greater sciatic foramen > gluteal m > lesser sciatic foramen pudendial canal > skin, muscles, external anal sphinctor |
|
|
Term
| what are the main branches of the pudendial nerve |
|
Definition
| inferior rectal, dorsal, perineal |
|
|
Term
| where is the inferior rectal nerve located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior rectal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| external anal sphinctor, mucosa of lower anal canal, perineal skin |
|
|
Term
| what does the dorsal nerve of the penis supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the perineal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| urogenital triangle, skin of posterior scortum or labia majora |
|
|
Term
| where does the interior pudendial artery come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the interior pudendial artery |
|
Definition
| pelvis > greater sciatic foramen > enters perineum at lesser sciatic foramen > branches |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the interior pudendial artery |
|
Definition
| inferior rectal artery, penis / labia clitoris |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior rectal artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what veins drain the pudendial canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the pudendial canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the boundries of the urogenital triangle |
|
Definition
| pubic arch in front and ischial tuberosities laterally |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the superficial fascia of the urogenital triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the fatty layer of the urogenital triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the camper's fascia of the urogenital triangle continous with |
|
Definition
| fat of the ischiorectal fossa and superficial fascia of the thighs |
|
|
Term
| describe the camper's fascia of the scrotum |
|
Definition
| it was turned into smooth dartos muscle |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the dartos muscle |
|
Definition
| contracts in response to cold and reduces the surface area of the scrotal skin |
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the membranous layer of the urogenital triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the colles fascia attach |
|
Definition
| posterior to the border of the urogenital diaphragm and laterally to the margins of the pubic arch, anteriorly it is continous with the membranous layer of the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall, it covers the sheath of the clitoris or penis and forms a layer in the scrotum or labia majora |
|
|
Term
| what forms the superficial perineal pouch |
|
Definition
| below is the mambranous superficial fascia, above is the urogenital diaphragm, behind is the fusion of these two layers, lateral it is closed by the membranous layer of the superficial fascia and urogenital diaphragm to the margins of the pubic arch, anterior it freely communicates with the potential space between the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall and anterior abdominal muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the urogenital diaphragm made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is behind the urogenital diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fills the gap of the pubic arch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior layer of fascia of the urogenital diaphragm called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anteriorly, at the pubic symphysis, what does the urogenital diaphragm do |
|
Definition
| the two layers of fascia (superior and inferior)fuse leaving a small gap beneath the symphysis |
|
|
Term
| how does the urogrnital diaphragm fascia end posteriorly |
|
Definition
| two layers fuse with eachother and with the membranous layer of the superificial fascia and perineal body |
|
|
Term
| how does the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm end laterally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the deep perineal pouch |
|
Definition
| closed space that is contained between the superificial and deep layers of fascia |
|
|
Term
| in a male what does the urogenital triangle contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the root of the penis |
|
Definition
| three masses of erectile tissue called the bulb, left, and right cura that is fixed to the body at the urogenital diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what muscle covers the bulb of the penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the cura of the penis attach to |
|
Definition
| each side of the pubic arch |
|
|
Term
| what covers the curs of the penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the continuation of the bulb of the penis into the body of the penis called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the continuation of the cura of the penis into the body of the penis called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the glans penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the external urethral meatus |
|
Definition
| opening of the urethra at the tip of the glans penis |
|
|
Term
| what is another word for foreskin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fold of skin that covers the glans of the penis, usually removed via circumcision |
|
|
Term
| describe the attachments of the fascia that supports the body of the penis |
|
Definition
| extend from the linea alba and symphysis pubis and attach to the fascia of the penis |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the corpora cavernosa |
|
Definition
| deep arteries of the penis |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the corpus spongiosum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the internal pudendal artery that supply the penis |
|
Definition
| deep arteries of the penis, artery of the bulb, dorsal artery of the penis |
|
|
Term
| where do the veins of the penis drain to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the lymph of the skin of the penis drain to |
|
Definition
| superificial inguinal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| where does the lymph of the deep penis drain to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the penis |
|
Definition
| pudendal nerve and pelcivc plexus |
|
|
Term
| what does the superificial pouch contain in males |
|
Definition
| structures forming the root of the penis and their coverings, bulbosspongiosus, posterior corpus spongiosum, ischiocavernosus m, |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the bulbosspongiosus muscle in males |
|
Definition
| compress penile part of urethra to empty it of residual urine or semen |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the ischiocavernosus muscle |
|
Definition
| compress cura and assist in erection of penis |
|
|
Term
| where are the superificial transverse perineal muscles in a male |
|
Definition
| in the posterior portion of the superificial pouch of the male |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the transverse perineal muscles in males |
|
Definition
| ischial ramus and the perineal body |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the superificial transverse perineal muscle in males |
|
Definition
| fix perineal body in the center of the perineum |
|
|
Term
| what vessels and nerve supply the muscles of the superificial pouch in males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the perineal body attached in males |
|
Definition
| center of the posterior margin of the urogenital diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the perineal body in males |
|
Definition
| point of attachment for the external anal sphinctor, bulbospongiosus, superificial transverse perineal muscles |
|
|
Term
| where does the perineal branch of the pudendial nerve terminate, what does it then supply |
|
Definition
| on each side of the superificial perineal pouch and supplies the muscles and skin |
|
|
Term
| what is the shortest part of the urethra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what surrounds the membranous urethra, what does this cause |
|
Definition
| the sphincter urethrae muscle, cause it to the be least dilatable part |
|
|
Term
| what part of the urethre is above the below the membranous in males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the sphincter urethrae muscle attached to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates the sphinctor urethrae |
|
Definition
| perineal branch of the pudendal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the sphinctor urethrae |
|
Definition
| compress the membranous urethra and relax during micturition |
|
|
Term
| where are the bulbourethral glands located |
|
Definition
| beneath the sphincter urethrae muscle |
|
|
Term
| where is the opening of the duts of the bulbourethral glands located |
|
Definition
| pierce the perineal membrane to enter the penile urethra |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the bulbourethal glands |
|
Definition
| secrete a thick alkaline fluid to neutralize the enivornment of the penile urethra prior to ejaculation |
|
|
Term
| what is the deep transverse perineal muscle posterior to |
|
Definition
| sphinctor urethrae muscle |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the transverse perineal muscle |
|
Definition
| ischial ramus and perineal body |
|
|
Term
| what arteries run through the deep pouch in th emale |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve passes through the deep pouch in the male, where does it end |
|
Definition
| dorsal nerve of the penis, skin of penis |
|
|
Term
| what are the steps of an erection |
|
Definition
1. efferent impulses
2. parasympathetic outflow
3. S2-4 nerves
4. inferior hypogastric (synapse)
5. fibers join pudendal arteries
6. enter erectile tissue of the penis
7. vasodilation of the arteries occur
8. blood fills erectile tissue spaces
9. corpoa cavernosa and corpus spongiosum expand and compress veins |
|
|
Term
| what are the steps of ejaculation |
|
Definition
1. nervous impulse
2. sympathetic outflow (T1-L2)
3. synapse in 1st and 2nd lumbar ganglia or sacral ganglia
4. inferior hypogastric plexus
5. postganglionic fibers go to smooth muscle: vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate
6. smooth muscle contracts
7. semen is ejected from urethra and the sphincter of the bladder contracts preventing reflux of semen into the bladder |
|
|
Term
| what is the widest and most able to dilate part of the male urethra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the urethra is in the urogrnital diaphragm in males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the urethra is in the bulb and corpus spongiosum of hte penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the urethra is in the glans penis |
|
Definition
| fossa terminalis (nacivular fossa) of the penile urethra |
|
|
Term
| what is in the female urogenital triangle |
|
Definition
| external genitalia, orifices of the urethra and vagina |
|
|
Term
| what structure corresponds to the penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what marks the apex of the female urogenital triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what covers the glans of the clitoris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the root of the clitoris composed of |
|
Definition
| three masses of erectile tissue |
|
|
Term
| what structure corresponds to the bulb of the penis in a female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is different between the bulb of the penis and bulb of the vestible, why |
|
Definition
| the vestibule has two halves due to the presence of the vagina |
|
|
Term
| where is the bulb of the vestibule attached to |
|
Definition
| underside of the urogenital diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what covers the bulb of the vestibule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what structure corresponds to the cura of the penis in females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the cura of the clitoris becone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what covers the cura of the clitoris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the body of the clitoris composed of |
|
Definition
| two corpora cavernosa, some erectile tissue |
|
|
Term
| what is the cap on the top of the clitoris |
|
Definition
| the glans of the clitoris |
|
|
Term
| what is the blood supply and lymphatic drainage and nerves of the clitoris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is in the superificial perineal pouch in females |
|
Definition
| structures that form the root of the clitoris and the muscles that cover them |
|
|
Term
| where is the blubospongiosus muscle located in females |
|
Definition
| surroungs oriface of vagina and covers bulb of vestibule, fibers extend to corpora cavernosa |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the bulbospongiosus in females |
|
Definition
| reduces size of the vaginal oriface and compresses the deep dorsal vein of the clitoris in erection |
|
|
Term
| what does contraction of the ischiocavernosus muscle in females cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do females have a superificial transverse perineal muscle? compare it to the male |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the muscles in the female superificial pernieal pouch supplied by nerve wise |
|
Definition
| perineal branch of the pudendal nerve |
|
|
Term
| who has a bigger perineal body, male or female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the perineal body located in females |
|
Definition
| between lower end of vagina and anal canal |
|
|
Term
| what attaches to the perineal body in females |
|
Definition
| perineal muscles, levator ani muscles |
|
|
Term
| what does the deep perineal pouch in the female contain |
|
Definition
| urethra, vagina, sphincter urethrae, deep transverse perineal muscles, internal pudendal vessels, dorsal nerve of clitoris |
|
|
Term
| what pierces the spinctor urethrae in females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the urethra vestible located in relation to the clitoris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what corresponds to the prostate in females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the greater vestibular glands located |
|
Definition
| under posterior part of the bulb of vestibule and labia majora |
|
|
Term
| where do the greater vestibular glands drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the greater vestibular glands |
|
Definition
| secrete lubricating mucus during sexual intercourse |
|
|
Term
| what vessels supply the vagina |
|
Definition
| vaginal branch of the internal iliac, vaginal branch of the uretine artery |
|
|
Term
| what drains the lymph of the upper third of the vagina |
|
Definition
| internal and external iliac nodes |
|
|
Term
| what drains the lymph of the middle third of the vagina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what drains the lymph of the lower third of the vagina |
|
Definition
| superificial inguinal nodes |
|
|
Term
| where do the nerves come from that innervate the vagina |
|
Definition
| from inferior hypogastric plexus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| female external genitalia |
|
|
Term
| what does the vulva include |
|
Definition
| mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule of vagina, vestibular bulb, greater vestibular glands |
|
|
Term
| what vessels supply the vulva |
|
Definition
| external internal pudendal arteries on each side |
|
|
Term
| what drains the lymph of the vulva |
|
Definition
| medial group of the superificial inguinal nodes |
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplys the anterior vulva |
|
Definition
| ilioinguinal and genitofemoral |
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplys the posterior vulva |
|
Definition
| branches of the perineal nerves, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh |
|
|
