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Anatomy of Speech Mechanism
Miami University SPA 222
70
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/10/2010

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Cards

Term
condyle
Definition
elevation; rounded process
Term
crest
Definition
elevation; prominent ridge
Term
head
Definition
elevation; enlargement at one end of bone
Term
process
Definition
elevation;bony prominence
Term
spine
Definition
elevation; sharp projection
Term
trochanter
Definition
elevation; very large bony projection
Term
tubercle
Definition
elevation; small rounded projection
Term
tuberosity
Definition
elevation; large rounded projection
Term
fissure
Definition
depression; cleft or deep groove
Term
foramen
Definition
depression; opening in bone/cartilage
Term
fossa
Definition
depression; pit/hollow
Term
fovea
Definition
depression; small pit-like
Term
groove
Definition
depression; furrow
Term
meatus
Definition
depression; tube or passageway
Term
neck
Definition
depression; constriction near head-end of bone
Term
sinus
Definition
depression; cavity within bone
Term
sulcus
Definition
depression; groove/furrow
Term
cartilage
Definition
softer and more flexible than bone
Term
hyaline cartilage
Definition
thin covering of joints, forms framework of lower resp. tract
Term
elastic cartilage
Definition
rubbery; found in ear canal, epiglottis, eustacian tube; ossifies
Term
fibrous cartilage
Definition
formed as intervertebral discs
Term
ligaments
Definition
parallel fibers; join bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage
Term
tendons
Definition
nonelastic parallel fibers; ALWAYS associated with a muscle; muscle attachment to bone
Term
Striated muscle
Definition
"striped;" voluntary
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
involuntary
Term
muscle belly
Definition
contracting part of muscle located between tendons
Term
isometric
Definition

tension without shortening muscle

i.e., pushing a wall

Term
isotonic
Definition
muscle shortens/curls
Term
strength of muscle contraction
Definition
3.5kg/sq.cm.
Term
muscle tone
Definition
at rest, amount of contractile tension remaining
Term
agonist
Definition
prime mover
Term
antagonist
Definition
opposes prime mover
Term
synergist
Definition
prevents unwanted motion from prime mover
Term
glands
Definition
tissues that produce chemical secretions/exrections
Term
endocrine glands
Definition
secrete INto bloodstream (hormones)
Term
exocrine glands
Definition
external secretions (saliva, sweat, etc)
Term
lymphoid tissue
Definition
produces antibodies to counteract antigens
Term
membrane
Definition
thin layer connective tissue coating cells, organs, joints, tracts, etc.
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
lines most surfaces; prevents damage and dehydration
Term
epidermis
Definition

outermost layer of skin.

has keratin protein and melanin

Term
dermis
Definition
skin layer below epidermis; contains nerve cells, vessels, follicles
Term
subcutaneous tissue
Definition
layer of connective tissue under dermis
Term
simple squamos
Definition
layer of flattened cells; allow for diffusion
Term
simple cuboidal
Definition
layer of cube-like, cilliated cells
Term
simple columnar
Definition
layer of tall, thin cells w/ cillia; for in resp. system and ear.
Term
fibrous joints
Definition
immobile; ex: soutures of skull
Term
cartilaginous joints
Definition
limited mobility
Term
synovial joints
Definition
high mobility; contain synovial fluid
Term
Rib cage
Definition
12 pairs of ribs that articulate w/ vertebral column via gliding joints
Term
costal groove
Definition
underside/lower border of rib that houses arteries, vessels, nerves
Term
anterior
Definition
front
Term
posterior
Definition
back
Term
ventral
Definition
away from backbone
Term
dorsal
Definition
away from front
Term
superior
Definition
upper
Term
inferior
Definition
lower
Term
superficial
Definition
towards surface
Term
deep
Definition
away from surface
Term
cephalad/cranial/rostral
Definition
head
Term
caudal
Definition
tail end
Term
medial
Definition
following midline/axis
Term
lateral
Definition
away from midline/axis
Term
proximal
Definition
near body/root of extremity
Term
distal
Definition
far from body/root of extremity
Term
coronal
Definition
cut from top to bottom into front and back halves
Term
transverse
Definition
horizontal cut into top and bottom halves
Term
sagittal
Definition
top to bottom cut in left and right halves
Term
prone
Definition
lying face down
Term
supine
Definition
lying face up in anatomical position
Term
osteo-
Definition
pertaining to bone
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