Term
| What are the 3 layers of the TM? |
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Definition
| Outer epithelial layer, Inner mucosal layer, and the Middle fibrous layer |
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Term
Outer epithelial layer:
-is continuous with the skin lining the ___.
-this layer migrates from its center ___ and this moves small ___ and ___ and transports small ___ ___ out into the ear canal. Small holes in TM usually heal ___ |
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Definition
| meatus; outward; injuries and scars; foreign bodies; spontaneously |
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Term
Inner mucosal layer:
-is continuous with the ___ of the middle ear. |
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Definition
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Term
Middle fibrous layer:
which encloses the handle of ___ and has three types of fibers-the ___, ___, and ___. Fibrous layer in the para flaccida is ___ and not ___ into various fibres as in pars tensa |
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Definition
| malleus; radial, circular and the parabolic; thin; organized |
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Term
| The main part of the TM is the ___ ___. It is composed of ___ and ___ fibers overlaying each other. These fibers are composed of ___ and provide a lightweight stiff membrane that is ideal for converting sound into ___ of the malleus. |
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Definition
| pars tensa; radial; circular; collagen; vibrations |
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Term
| A smaller part of the TM, the pars flaccid, located above the manubrium of the malleus, is ___ than the pars tense and its fibers are not arranged as ___ as the collagen fibers of the pars tensa. |
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Definition
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Term
| During otoscopy, what landmarkscan you view that suggest that the TM is healthy and intact? |
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Definition
Color/shape-pearly grey, shiny, translucent, with no bulging or retraction.
Consistency - smooth
Cone of light
Should be able to see the umbo, malleolar stria. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| screwlike central stem of bony labyrinth |
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Definition
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Term
| It connects the lower part of the saccule to the cochlear duct near its vestibular extremity. |
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Definition
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Term
| aperture at apex of cochlea |
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Definition
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Term
| The thin membrane which separates the canal of the cochlea from the vestibular scala in the internal ear. |
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Definition
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Term
| a bony shelf or ledge which projects from the modiolus into the interior of the canal, and, like the canal, takes two-and-three-quarter turns around the modiolus. |
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Definition
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Term
| cells forming the outer and inner walls of the tunnel in the spiral organ. |
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Definition
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Term
| the thickened periosteal lining of the bony cochlea forming the outer wall of the cochlear duct to which the basal lamina attaches. |
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Definition
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Term
| the supporting cells of the organ of Corti; one of the large neuroglia cells of nervous tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| one of the supporting cells in the organ of Corti, immediately to the outer side of the outer phalangeal cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| are considered as supporting cells within the organ of Corti in the cochlea. These cells extend from Hensen's cells to the spiral prominence epithelium, forming the outer sulcus. They are in direct contact with the endolymph of the cochlear duct. These cells are sealed via tight junctions that prevent flow of endolymph between them |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| a thin extracellular layer that sometimes lies below the basal lamina, is composed chiefly of collagenous fibers, and serves to anchor the basal lamina to underlying connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve fibers arrive into or leave the organ of Corti through the basilar membrane (4), via the ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| is the group of nerve cells that serve the sense of hearing by sending a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain. The cell bodies of these neurons are found in the modiolus, the conical shaped central axis in the cochlea. |
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Definition
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Term
| A structure in the organ of Corti in the cochlea overlying the bristles of the acoustic hair cells on the basilar membrane. As particular cells vibrate under the influence of sound waves the bristles wipe against this membrane thus activating those hair cells to send nerve impulses to the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| the border of the spiral lamina; the thickened periosteum covering the upper plate of the bony spiral lamina of the cochlea. |
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Definition
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Term
A. Resonance Refers to any cavity based on its ___ and ___ will vibrate most efficiently in a ___ ___ range stimulated by sound
B. You get effective gain when sound...?
C. You get a little bit of gain from your head being on top of ___ because it ___ sound to your ears
D. There ___ a huge difference between children and adults pertaining to resonance
E. Flange: ___ Hz, __ dB gain
F. Meatus: ___ Hz, __ dB gain
G. Concha: ___ Hz, __ dB gain |
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Definition
| shape; size; specific frequency; originates on one side of the head; shoulders; reflects; isn't; 4000; 2; 3000; 10; 5000; 2 |
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Term
Middle Ear Resonance:
A. Outer Ear Resonance: __-__dB of gain at 1500-7000 Hz; smaller cavities have a ___ frequency resonance and larger cavities have a ___ frequency resonance
B. ___ Hz adds 1-2 dB
C. Lose ___ dB of hearing when the ossicles are impeded due to the change from air to fluid
D. Based on the ___ of the cavity
E. Relatively ___ |
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Definition
| 10-15 ; higher; lower; 1500; 60; size; minor |
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Term
| The auricularis anterior arises from the ___ ___ and it inserts into the major ___, which is the upper rim portion of the ear. This point is closer to where the ear connects to the head, and this muscle works to pull the ear ___ and ___ |
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Definition
| temporal fascia; helix; forward (anteriorly); upward (superiorly) |
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Term
| The auricularis superior is one of three ___ muscles of the ear. It is a thin, fan-shaped muscle that arises from the ___ ___ (connective tissue along the side of the head) and descends into the root of the ___, or ear. The primary action of the auricularis superior is to draw the auricula of the ear ___ and ___. |
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Definition
| extrinsic; temporal fascia; auricle; upward; backward |
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Term
| The auricularis posterior is the extrinsic muscles serves to draw the auricula ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic muscle that adjusts the shape of the auricle by depressing the anterior margin of the ear cartilage. While this is a potential action in some individuals, in the majority of individuals the muscle modifies auricular shape to a minimal degree. |
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Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic muscle that assists in adjusting the shape of the anterior margin of the ear cartilage. While this is a potential action in some individuals, in the majority of individuals the muscle modifies auricular shape to a minimal degree. |
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Definition
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Term
| ntrinsic muscle that adjusts the shape of the auricle by pulling the antitragus and tail of the helix towards each other, helping to increase the opening into the external acoustic meatus. While this is a potential action in some individuals, in the majority of individuals the muscle modifies auricular shape to a minimal degree. |
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Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic muscle that tenses the tragus of the auricular cartilage to help increase the opening into the external acoustic meatus |
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Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic muscles that helps flatten the cranial profile of the auricular cartilage |
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Definition
| Transversus auriculae and the Obliquus auriculae-is on the back side of the ear |
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Term
-___ muscles-muscles on the outside part of the outer ear; one point of attachment outside of the ear
-___-inside the outer ear; attachment inside of the air |
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Definition
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Term
xternal auditory meatus:
-___ canal-twisty turning canal
-Hair only grows in the first ___ of the ear canal; Earwax doesn't naturally move inward because the hairs are angled ___
-has a length of approximately ___ cm and a diameter of approximately ___ cm.
-Has the shape of what?
-The most medial part is a nearly ___ opening in the ___ ___, and the outer part is ___.
-outer 1/3=___ and the inner 2/3 is ___
-It is covered by skin that secrets ___ and it has ___ on its surface. There are no ___ glands. 2 types of glands: sebaceous cells and ceruminous glands. The ___ glands produce an oily substance. ___ produce a waxy substance. The secreted cerumen has a slight ___ and ___ property and it may act as an insect repellant
-The outer layer of the skin (epidermis) in the ear canal, together with that of the tympanic membrane ___ ___. Failure in this migration of the epidermis may cause several kinds of ___ such as development of ___, and it may play a role in causing ___ of the ear canal |
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Definition
| Tortuous; 1/3 ; outward; 2.5; .6; a lazy S; circular; skull bone; cartilage; cartilaginous; bony; cerumen; hairs; sweat; sebaceous; ceremonious; antibacterial; anti fungal; migrates outward; pathologies; cholesteatoma; inflammation |
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Term
The skin of the ear canal has an unusual nerve supply. Its sensory receptors are innervated by four different cranial nerves, namely the sensory portion of the ___ division of the ___ nerve, the ___ nerve, ___ nerve, and the ___ branch of the vagus nerve, which supplies the ___ wall of the ear canal and the TM
The skin around the outer ear is innervated by the ___ nerve and the second ___ ___. Important because it connects to cells in the dorsal column nuclei that send axons to the dorsal cochlear nucleus, which is involved in some forms of ___ |
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Definition
| mandibular; trigeminal; facial; glossopharyngeal; auricular; posterior; trigeminal; spinal root; tinnitus |
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Term
| The carotid artery from the heart runs up towards the brain and splits into 2 parts the ___ and ___ carotid artery. The external carotid artery branches out around the ___, ___ and ___ and supplies the ___ ___ with blood. The artery running anterior to the tragus on the side of the face is the ___ ___ ___, which comes straight from the external carotid. The external carotid artery branches off as the posterior auricular artery, which innervates the skin of the back of the auricle. On the anterior surface of the pinna, the superficial temporal branches into the anterior auricular artery and supplies blood to this region. These arteries and branches are described as anastomotic arteries, meaning that the arteries split and branch off to innervate other regions, then join back together in order to achieve a level of protection and redundancy in case of blood supply being cut off to another branch. Internal Maxillary Artery innervates the external auditory canal. |
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Definition
| external; internal; neck, face; head; external ear; superficial temporal artery; |
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