Term
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Definition
Blood cell production (hematopoeisis)
Occurs in the heads of long bones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ends of the bone
Growth plates |
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Term
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Definition
Shaft of bone
Body of a long bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the epiphysis and diaphysis join |
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Term
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Definition
Tough, outer layer of bone
Dense irregular CT
Contains osteoblasts for appositional growth |
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Term
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Definition
Contains yellow bone marrow
Space within the diaphysis (of long bones) |
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Term
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Definition
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage
Covers the epiphysis (of long bones) |
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Term
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Definition
Lines the medullary cavity
Composed of osteoclasts and osteoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
Surrounds the cartilage
Dense irregular CT membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Bone-building
Synthesizes and secretes collagen fibres |
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Term
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Definition
Maintenance
Nourish mature bone tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Bone-breaking
"Fixed macrophages"
Migrated as WBCs from bone marrow |
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Term
| Collagen fibres provide what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Calcium phosphate
Calcium carbonate (marble)
Mg, F, SO42- |
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Term
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Definition
Hyaline cartilage
Becomes epiphyseal line in adulhood |
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Term
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Definition
Units of compact bone
Formed from concentric lamellae |
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Term
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Definition
| Leftover fragments of older osteons |
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Term
| Outer circumferential lamellae |
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Definition
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Term
| Inner circumferential lamellae |
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Definition
| Encircle the medullary cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Host osteocytes
Small spaces between lamellae |
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Term
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Definition
Connect the lacunae
Small channels filled with ECF |
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Term
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Definition
| Location of blood vessels in the osteon |
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Term
| Perforating (Volkmann's) canal |
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Definition
Transit of vessels to the outer cortex of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
Support and protect red bone marrow in spongy bone
Contain lacunae |
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Term
| The periosteum is rich in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Intra-membranous ossification |
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Definition
Produces spongy bone
Forms in mesenchymal cells
No cartilage present
Used in forming flat bones
May be remodeled to form compact bone |
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Term
| Components of intra-membranous ossification |
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Definition
1) Development of ossification center
2) Calcification
3) Formation of trabeculae
4) Development of periosteum |
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Term
| Endochondrial ossification |
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Definition
Cartilage is replaced with bone
Usually completed by 18-21 years of age |
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Term
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Definition
Abnormally thick and heavy bones
Caused by too much new tissue being formed
Excessive amount of hGH after the growth plates close |
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Term
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Definition
Bone becomes "too soft"
Caused by defective bone mineralization |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates activity of osteroblasts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Promotes absorption of calcium and phosphate
Calcitriol (active form) |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis of bone proteins |
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Term
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Definition
Produced by the liver
Most important hormones in bone growth (along with hGH) |
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Term
| Thyroid hormones and Insulin |
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Definition
| Stimulate osteoblasts and protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
"Growth spurt"
Widening of pelvis (females)
Closing of epiphyseal plates |
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Term
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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Definition
| Increases blood calcium levels |
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Term
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Definition
Deceases blood calcium levels
Kidneys retain calcium in the blood
Kidneys excrete phosphate in urine |
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Term
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Definition
Bending
"Breaking a green twig" |
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Term
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Definition
| Distal part is shoved up into proximal part |
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Term
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Definition
Open to the outside
Through the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by extreme forces/trauma |
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Term
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Definition
Repeated strenuous activities (running)
Provides no other damage to underlying tissues |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 1st step in fracture repair |
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Definition
Formation of a hematoma
6-8 hours after injury
Caused by ruptured blood vessels |
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Term
| 2nd step in fracture repair |
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Definition
Formation of a callus
Few weeks - 6 months after injury
Phagocytes remove debris and fibroblasts |
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Term
| 3rd step in Fracture repair |
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Definition
| Bony callus of spongy bone |
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Term
| 4th step of fracture repair |
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Definition
Remodeling
Spongy bone is replaced by compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
Bone reabsorption is higher than Bone deposition
Caused by depletion of Ca in the body/inadequate intake of Ca |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive amount of hGH before the growth plates close |
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Term
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Definition
Decrease in bone mass (due to decrease in sex hormones)
Decrease in protein synthesis
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