Term
| How many bones are in a single upper limb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the only joint attaching the upper limb to the axial skeleton |
|
|
Term
| Where is the frequent fracture site on the clavicle? |
|
Definition
| - medial to the conoid tubercle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- mostly in kids
- bone bends, but does not break |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three ligaments that stabilize the acromioclavicular joint? |
|
Definition
- acriomioclavicular
- coracoclavicular (conoid & trapezoid)
- coracoacromial |
|
|
Term
| What are the two ligaments that make up the coracoclavicular ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a "separated shoulder"? |
|
Definition
| separation of the AC joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- high mobility
- has a greater occurence of dislocation because of this mobility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- increases the depth of the glenoid cavity
- stabilizes the GH joint |
|
|
Term
| What kind of ligaments strengthen the shoulder joint anteriorly? |
|
Definition
| - the glenohumeral ligaments |
|
|
Term
| What muscles make up the rotator cuff? |
|
Definition
- supraspinatus
- subscapularis
- infraspinatus
- teres minor |
|
|
Term
What kind of motion is this?
[image] |
|
Definition
| shoulder flexion/extension |
|
|
Term
What kind of motion is this?
[image] |
|
Definition
| shoulder abduction/adduction |
|
|
Term
What kind of motion is this?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of motion is this?[image] |
|
Definition
| shoulder lateral rotation |
|
|
Term
What kind of motion is this?
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What kind of motion is this?
[image] |
|
Definition
| scapular elevation/depression |
|
|
Term
What kind of motion is this?
[image] |
|
Definition
| scapular protration and retraction |
|
|
Term
What kind of motion is this?
[image] |
|
Definition
| scapular superior rotation |
|
|
Term
| Can the origin and insertion of muscles be reversed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a muscle only hace one function as a whole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a muscle is activate by the nervous system, is it all activated at once? |
|
Definition
| not necessarily, some parts can remain at rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in movements of the spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| move ribs or the upper limb (nothing in the back) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three muscle layers of the back and are they extrinsic or intrinsic? |
|
Definition
- superficial (ex)
- intermediate (ex)
- deep (in) |
|
|
Term
| Vertebral muscles (origin) |
|
Definition
| originate from vertebrae of the spine |
|
|
Term
| Scapular muscles (origin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pectoral muscles (origin) |
|
Definition
| originate from thoracic skeleton (sternum and ribs) |
|
|
Term
| How many muscles are in the arm, including the hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- trapezius
- latissimus dorsi
- levator scapulae
- rhomboid minor
- rhomboid major |
|
|
Term
| Trapezius (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
I: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
M:
- upper part raises scapula
- lower part lowers scapula
- middle part retracts the scapula
- upper part rotates scapula, glenoid cavity moves superiorly |
|
|
Term
| Latissimus dorsi (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: lower 6 vertebrae adn all the lumbar vertebrae
I: anterior humerus
M: extends, adducts, and medially rotates the shoulder |
|
|
Term
| Levator Scapulae (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: transverse process of cervical vertebrae
I: superior angle of scapula
M: elevates and rotates scapula, glenoid cavity moves inferiorly |
|
|
Term
| Rhomboid minor (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: spinous processes of C7 and T1
I: medial border of scapula above the scapular spine
M: retracts ad rotate scapula, glenoid cavity moves inferiorly |
|
|
Term
| Rhomboid major (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: spinous processes of T2-T5
I: medial border of scapula below the spine of the scapula
M: retract and rotate scapula, glenoid cavity moves inferiorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- deltoid
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- teres major
- subscapularis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- anterior
- middle
- posterior |
|
|
Term
| Anterior deltoid (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: lateral clavicle
I: common tendon on lateral humerus
M: flexes and medially rotates shoulder |
|
|
Term
| Middle deltoid (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: acromion
I: common tendon on lateral humerus
M: abducts the shoulder |
|
|
Term
| Posterior deltoid (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: spine of scapula
I: common tendon on lateral humerus
M: extends and laterally rotates shoulder |
|
|
Term
| Supraspinatus (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
M: initiates shoulder abduction |
|
|
Term
| Infraspinatus (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: infrapinous fossa of scapula
I: posterior humerus
M: laterally rotates shoulder |
|
|
Term
| Teres minor (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: infraspinous fossa
I: posterior humerus
M: laterally rotates shoulder |
|
|
Term
| Teres major (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: inferior angle of scapula
I: anterior humerus
M: medially rotates shoulder |
|
|
Term
| Subscapularis (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: subscapular fossa
I: anterior humerus
M: medially rotates shoulder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
- subclavius
- serratus anterior |
|
|
Term
| Pectoralis major (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: costal cartilage, sternum, clavicle
I: anterior humerus
M: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder |
|
|
Term
| Pectoralis minor (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: ribs 3, 4, 5
I: coracoud process
M: depresses/stabilizes the scapula |
|
|
Term
| Subclavius (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: first rib
I: clavicle
M: depresses clavicle |
|
|
Term
| Serratus anterior (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
I: medial border of scapula
M: protracts and rotates scapula, glenoid cavity moves superiorly |
|
|
Term
| Paralysis of what muscle results in a "winged scapula"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What spinal nerves is the cervical plexus made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What spinal nerves make up the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What spinal nerves make up the lumbar plexus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What spinal nerves make up the sacral plexus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are plexuses formed by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three trunks of the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
- superior
- middle
- inferior |
|
|
Term
| How many anterior/posterior divisions are there of the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
- 3 anterior
and
- 3 posterior |
|
|
Term
| What are the three cords of the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
- lateral
- posterior
- medial |
|
|
Term
| Dorsal scapular nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5
WIS: rhomboids and levator scapulae
BP: off the C5 ventral rami |
|
|
Term
| Long thoracic nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5, 6, & 7
WIS: serratus anterior
BP: ventral rami of C5, 6, & 7 |
|
|
Term
| Suprascapular nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5 & C6
WIS: supraspinatus and infraspinatus
BP: superior trunk |
|
|
Term
| Nerve to the subclavius muscle (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5 & C6
WIS: subclavius muscle
BP: superior trunk |
|
|
Term
| Lateral pectoral nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5, 6, & 7
WIS: pectoralis major
BP: lateral cord |
|
|
Term
| Musculocutaneous nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5, 6, & 7
WIS: anterior arm
BP: lateral cord
Other: has a lateral cutaneous nerve branch what supplies the forearm |
|
|
Term
| Median nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5-8, T1
WIS: passes through the carpal tunnel, all of the flexors in the forearm (EXCEPT flexor carpi ulnaris), thenar muscles in hand, 1st and 2nd lumbricals, 3.5 fingers (sensory)
BP: connection of lateral and medial cords
|
|
|
Term
| Medial pectoral nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C8, T1
WIS: pectoralis major and minor
BP: medial cord |
|
|
Term
| Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: T1
WIS: sensation of medial arm
BP: medial cord |
|
|
Term
| Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C8, T1
WIS: sensation of medial forearm
BP: medial cord |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C7, 8, T1
WIS: half of the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor carpi ulnaris, all hand muscles except thenar and 1st/2nd lumbricals, 1.5 fingers (sensory, pinky and .5 ring)
BP: medial cord |
|
|
Term
| Radial nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5-8, T1
WIS: triceps, all muscles of posterior forearm, sensory for posterior arm, forearm, and hand
BP: posterior cord |
|
|
Term
| Axillary nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5, 6
WIS: deltoid, teres minor, proximal arm (sensory)
BP: posterior cord
Other: most commonly damages when surgical neck of humerus is broken |
|
|
Term
| Upper subscapular nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5, 6
WIS: subscapularis muscle
BP: posterior cord |
|
|
Term
| Thoracodorsal (middle subscapular) (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C6-8
WIS: latissimus dorsi
BP: posterior cord |
|
|
Term
| Lower subscapular nerve (spinal nerve(s), what it supplies, where in the brachial plexus, etc.) |
|
Definition
SN: C5, 6
WIS: subscapularis and teres major
BP: posterior cord |
|
|
Term
| The ___________ artery turns into the ____________ artery after it passes over the first rib. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____________ artery becomes the ___________ artery at the inferior border of the teres major. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two arteries does the brachial artery bifurcate into? |
|
Definition
- radial artery
- ulnar artery |
|
|
Term
| What makes up both the superficial and deep palmar arches? |
|
Definition
| the radial and ulnar arteries |
|
|
Term
| How many subclavian ateries are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three subclavian arteries? |
|
Definition
- transverse cervical
- dorsal scapular
- suprascapular |
|
|
Term
| What does the transverse cervical artery supply and where does it run? |
|
Definition
- supplies the trapezius
- runs on the undersurface of the traps |
|
|
Term
| What does the dorsal scapular artery supply and where does it run? |
|
Definition
- runs with the dorsal scapular nerve
- supplies the levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor |
|
|
Term
| What does the suprascapular artery supply? |
|
Definition
| supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles |
|
|
Term
| Where does the axillary artery divide into three parts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parts of the axillary artery vascularize which parts of the pectoralis minor? |
|
Definition
- part one goes to the medial portion
- part two goes to the deep portion
- part three goes to the lateral portion |
|
|
Term
| What two arteries branch from the second part of the axillary artery? |
|
Definition
- thoracoacromial artery
- lateral thoracic artery |
|
|
Term
| What three arteries branch from the third part of the axillary artery? |
|
Definition
- subscapular artery
- posterior circumflex humeral artery
- anterior circumflex humeral artery |
|
|
Term
| Where does the brachial artery run and what does it supply? |
|
Definition
- runs on the medial side of the biceps brachii muscle
- supplies the anterior compartment of the arm
- blood pressure is taken here |
|
|
Term
| What does the deep brachial artery supply? |
|
Definition
| - supplies the posterior compartment of the arm |
|
|
Term
| What do the radial and ulnar arteries supply? |
|
Definition
| the anterior and posterior forearm |
|
|
Term
| Where does the radius articulate with the humerus? |
|
Definition
| At the capitulum of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Where does the ulna articulate with the humerus? |
|
Definition
| the trochlea of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What movement does the elbow execute? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Tommy John Procedure reconstruct? |
|
Definition
| the ulnar collateral ligament |
|
|
Term
| What does the ulnar collateral ligament do? |
|
Definition
| - connects the ulna to the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What does the radial collateral ligament do? |
|
Definition
| - connects the radius to the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What does the annular ligament do? |
|
Definition
| connects the radius to the ulna |
|
|
Term
| What are the movements of the wrist? |
|
Definition
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction (radial/ulnar deviation) |
|
|
Term
| At what carpal bones does the radius articulate? |
|
Definition
| the scaphoid and the lunate |
|
|
Term
| What is a Colles' fracture? |
|
Definition
| a fracture at the distal radius |
|
|
Term
| Movements of the medial four fingers |
|
Definition
flexion/extension
adduction/abduction (in relation to the middle finger)
MIDDLE FINGER ONLY ABDUCTS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
opposition |
|
|
Term
| Biceps brachii (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: long head on scapula just above the glenoid cavity (goes into labrum), short head from coracoid process
I: radial tuberosity
M: flex shoulder and elbow, supinate forearm |
|
|
Term
| Brachialis (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: anterior humerus
I: ulna
M: flexes elbow |
|
|
Term
| Coracobrachialis (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: coracoid process
I: medial humerus
F: flexes and adducts shoulder |
|
|
Term
| What three muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm? (3) |
|
Definition
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- coracobrachialis |
|
|
Term
| What muscle makes up the posterior compartment of the arm? (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Triceps brachii (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: long head on scapula, lateral head on humerus, medial head on humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna
M: extend shoulder and elbow
(Anconeus is considered part of the triceps) |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the forearm? (8) |
|
Definition
Superficial:
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep:
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- pronator quadratus
|
|
|
Term
| Pronator teres (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: radius
M: pronate forearm |
|
|
Term
| Flexor carpi radialis (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: medial epicondyle
I: lateral wrist
M: flex and abduct wrist |
|
|
Term
| Palmaris longus (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: medial epicondyle
I: palmar aponeurosis
M: flex wrist |
|
|
Term
| Flexor carpi ulnaris (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: medial epicondyle
I: medial side of wrist
M: flex and adduct wrist |
|
|
Term
| Flexor digitorum superficialis (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: medial epicondyle, ulna, radius
I: middle phalange of medial four digits
M: flexes proximal IP joint on medial four digits, can flex wrist |
|
|
Term
| Flexor digitorum profundus (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: ulna
I: distal phalange of medial four digits
M: flex distal IP joints, will flex proximal IP joints, will eventually flex wrist |
|
|
Term
| Flexor pollicis longus (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: radius
I: distal phalange of thumb
F: flex IP joint of thumb |
|
|
Term
| Pronator quadratus (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: ulna
I: radius
M: pronates forearm |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the forearm? (11) |
|
Definition
Superficial:
- brachioradialis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
Deep:
- supinator
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- extensor pollicus longus
- extensor indicis |
|
|
Term
| Brachoradialis (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: humerus
I: radius
M: flexes elbow |
|
|
Term
| Why is the brachioradialis placed in the posterior (extensor) compartment? |
|
Definition
| even though it is a flexor, it is innervated by the radial nerve |
|
|
Term
| Extensor carpi radialis longus (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: humerus
I: lateral wrist
M: extend and abduct wrist |
|
|
Term
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: lateral wrist
M: extend and abduct wrist |
|
|
Term
| Extensor digitorum (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: posterior aspect of medial four digits
M: extend medial four digits |
|
|
Term
| Extensor digiti minimi (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: posterior of little finger
M: extends little finger |
|
|
Term
| Extensor carpi ulnaris (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: medial wrist
M: extend and adduct wrist |
|
|
Term
| Supinator (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: ulna
I: radius
M: supinate forearm |
|
|
Term
| Abductor pollicis longus (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: posterior forearm (don't need to know bone)
I: thumb
M: abduct thumb |
|
|
Term
| Extensor pollicis brevis (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: posterior forearm (don't need to know bone)
I: thumb
M: extend thumb |
|
|
Term
| Extensor pollicis longus (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: posterior forearm
I: thumb
M: extends thumb |
|
|
Term
| Extensor indicis (origin, insertion, movement) |
|
Definition
O: posterior forearm
I: index finger
F: extend index finger |
|
|
Term
| What are the tendons of the anatomical snuff box? (3) |
|
Definition
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- abductor pollicis longus |
|
|
Term
| What four structures are located deep in the anatomical snuff box? |
|
Definition
- styloid process of radius
- radial artery
- scaphoid bone
- trapezium bone |
|
|
Term
| What are the structures in the carpal tunnel? |
|
Definition
- 4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
- 4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
- 1 flexor pollicis longus tendon
- median nerve
- no large arteries, no ulnar or radial nerve |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of carpal tunnel |
|
Definition
- tingling or numbneess in 3.5 fingers
- atrophy of thenar muscles
- weakness in using the thumb
- loss of 1st and 2nd lumbrical
- weakness grasping with index and middle fingers |
|
|
Term
| Thenar muscles (3) (insertion, innervation) |
|
Definition
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponenes pollicis
I: thumb
IN: median nerve |
|
|
Term
| Hypothenar muscles (3) (insertion, innervation) |
|
Definition
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi
- opponens digiti minimi
I: on little finger
IN: ulnar nerve |
|
|
Term
| Structures in the mid-palm |
|
Definition
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis (split and attaches to middle phalanges)
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (split and attaches to distal phalanges)
- 4 lumbrical muscles with 1st lumbrical going to index finger (4th to pinky) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- originate from the 4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
- flexes MP joints, extends IP joints (wave good-bye) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- deep palmar arch located here
- interosseous muscles seen between fingers
- adductor pollicis muscles (adducts thumb)
- ulnar nerve (adductor pollicis, 3rd and 4th lumbrical, all interosseous) |
|
|
Term
| _________ inrerossei only abduct, while __________ interossei only adduct. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ inrerossei only abduct, while __________ interossei only adduct. |
|
Definition
|
|
