Term
| the body’s second great controlling system which influences metabolic activities of cells by means of hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, and thymus |
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Definition
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| produce both hormones and exocrine products |
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Definition
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| has both neural functions and releases hormones |
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Term
| chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them |
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Definition
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| locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them |
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Definition
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Term
| These are not considered hormones since hormones are long-distance chemical signals |
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Definition
| Autocrines and Paracrines |
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Term
| Are classified as amino acid-based hormones, or steroids |
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Definition
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Term
| most hormones belong to this class |
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Definition
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Term
| Amines, THYROXINE, peptide, and protein hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| gonadal and adrenocortical hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormones alter target cell activity by one of two mechanisms: |
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Definition
1 Second Messengers
2 Direct Gene Activation |
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Term
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Definition
| Amino-Acid Based horomones |
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Term
| 2 Direct Gene Activation (TQ) |
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Definition
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Term
| Steroid hormones and ______ hormones diffuse easily into their target cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Once the steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are inside their target cells, they bind and activate a specific |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormone-receptor complex __________________ and binds a DNA-associated receptor protein |
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Definition
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Term
| Thyroid hormone acts like a ____________________ at cellular level but is a amino acid structure |
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Term
| Hormones circulate to all tissues but only activate cells referred to as _______________ . |
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Definition
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Term
| Target cells must have ____________ to which the hormone binds |
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Definition
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Term
| These receptors may be _____________or located on the __________. |
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Definition
intracellular
Plasma Membrane |
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Term
| ACTH receptors are only found on certain cells of the ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ receptors are found on nearly all cells of the body |
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Definition
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| Target cell activation depends on three factors.... |
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Definition
1. BLOOD levels of the hormone
2. RELATIVE NUMBER of receptors on the target cell
3. The AFFINITY of those receptors for the hormone |
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Term
| _______ and _______ are attached to plasma proteins (IMPORTANT)(protein-bound) |
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Definition
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Term
| Concentrations of circulating hormone reflect: |
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Definition
Rate of release
Speed of inactivation and removal from the body |
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Term
| Hormones are removed from the blood by: |
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Definition
Degrading enzymes
The kidneys
Liver enzyme systems |
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Term
| Three types of hormone interaction: |
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Definition
-Permissiveness
-Synergism
-Antagonism |
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Term
| one hormone cannot exert its effects WITHOUT another hormone being present |
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Definition
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Term
| more than one hormone produces the SAME EFFECTS on a target cell |
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Definition
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Term
| one or more hormones opposes the action of another hormone |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood Levels of Hormones are controlled by _________. |
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Definition
| negative feedback systems |
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Term
| Hormones are synthesized and released in response to: (tq!) |
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Definition
Humoral stimuli
Neural stimuli
Hormonal stimuli |
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Term
| secretion of hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of IONS AND NUTRIENTS |
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Definition
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Term
| nerve fibers stimulate hormone release |
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Definition
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Term
| release of hormones IN RESPONSE TO HORMONES PRODUCED BY OTHER ENDOCRINE ORGANS |
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Definition
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Term
| The hypothalamic hormones stimulate the ________ . |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ modifies the stimulation of endocrine glands and their negative feedback mechanisms (tq) |
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Definition
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Term
| The nervous system __________ normal endocrine controls |
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Definition
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Term
| two-lobed organ that secretes nine major hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Receives, stores, and releases hormones from the hypothalamus |
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Definition
| neurohypophysis- posterior lobe (neural tissue) and the infundibulum |
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Term
anterior lobe, made up of GLANDULAR tissue
Synthesizes and secretes a number of hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| a downgrowth of hypothalamic neural tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| The Posterior Lobe has a ___________hypothalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| Nuclei of the hypothalamus synthesize ... |
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Definition
| oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Term
| These hormones are transported to the posterior pituitary TQ |
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Definition
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Term
| There is no ___________________ with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary |
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Definition
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Term
| There is a vascular connection, the hypophyseal portal system, consisting of: |
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Definition
The primary capillary plexus
The hypophyseal portal veins
The secondary capillary plexus |
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Term
| The six hormones of the adenohypophysis:(TQ) |
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Definition
Are abbreviated as GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, and PRL
Regulate the activity of other endocrine glands |
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Term
| The hypothalamus sends a ______ stimulus to the anterior pituitary |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ hormones stimulate the synthesis and release of hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ hormones shut off the synthesis and release of hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| The tropic hormones that are released are: |
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Definition
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
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Term
Produced by somatotropic cells of the anterior lobe that:
Stimulate most cells, but target bone and skeletal muscle
Promote protein synthesis and encourage the use of fats for fuel |
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Definition
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Term
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
Triggered by hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in a daily rhythm |
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Definition
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Corticotropin)*** |
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Term
Absent from the blood in prepubertal boys and girls
Triggered by the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) during and after puberty |
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Definition
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Term
| made of axons of hypothalamic neurons, stores antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ and ___ synthesized in the hypothalamus (TQ) |
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Definition
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