Term
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Definition
| Rubbery surface texture and resiliency. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Includes the attached gingiva, the hard palate, and the dorsal surface of the tongue. |
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Term
| of the oral mucosa epithelial tissue types which one is the most common? |
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Definition
| Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| which mucosa is the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 layers of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium? |
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Definition
1)basal layer- The deepest layer. "Stratum Basale" A single layer of cuboidal epi cells. Mitosis of the epi cells occurs within this layer.
2)Intermediate layer- "Stratum Intermedium" middle layer composed of larger cells. Makes up the bulk of the nonkeratinized epithelium.
3)Superficial layer "Stratum Superficiale"- most superficial layer whose outer cells flatten into squames. The squames shed as they age and die during the turnover of tissue. |
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Term
| in which layer of the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium does mitosis of the epithelial cells occur? |
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Definition
| The Basal Layer- "Stratum Basale" |
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Term
| Which layer of the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium makes up the bulk of the nonkeratinized tissue? |
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Definition
| The intermediate layer- "Stratum Intermedium" |
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Term
| which layer of the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium has outer cells that flatten into squames and shed as they die? |
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Definition
| The superficial layer "Stratum Superficiale" the outer cells flatten into squames which are shed as they die during the turnover of tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Noted for its softer texture, moist surface, and the ability to stretch and be compressed, acting as a cushion for the underlying structures. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Includes the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa, floor of the mouth, ventral surface of the tongue, and the soft palate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pin-point depressions present on the surface of the attached gingiva. Looks like an orange peel. |
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Term
| describe the regional differences of attached gingiva |
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Definition
Clinical: opaque pink, dull, firm, immobile, with varying amounts of stippling (little depressions that give orange peel appearance).
Epithelium: thick keratinized (mainly para, some orthokeratinized)
Lamina propria: tall narrow CT papillae, extensive vascular supply, serves as mucoperiosteum to bone.
Submucosa: not present |
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Term
| describe the clinical and histological aspects of filiform lingual papillae |
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Definition
Clinical: most common lingual papillae, on the dorsal surface of the tongue, fine-pointed cones that give tongue its velvety texture.
Histological: thick layer of ortho or parakeratinized epithelium overlying a core of lamina propria. An increased amount of keratin and the surface of each, forming a snow-covered "christmas tree" appearance and white color of this lingual papilla. Pointed structure. No tastes buds in epithelium. |
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Term
| describe the histological and clinical features of fungiform lingual papillae |
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Definition
Clinical: fewer in number than filiform, on the body of the dorsal surface of the tongue. Appear as reddish dots that are slightly raised and mushroom shaped. 1mm in diameter.
Histological: thin layer of ortho or parakeratinized epithelium overlying a highly vascularized core of lamina propria (giving redder appearance.) Mushroom shaped structure. Tastes buds in most superficial portion of epithelium. |
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Term
| describe the clinical and histological features of foliate lingual papillae |
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Definition
Clinical: 4 to 11 vertical ridges on the lateral surface of the tongue.
Histological: leaf-shaped structure of ortho or parakeratinized epithelium overlying a core of lamina propria. Taste buds located in superficial layers of epithelium. |
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Term
| What is the lamina propria? |
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Definition
A connective tissue proper, that is under the epithelium of the oral mucosa. All forms of epithelium whether associated with lining, masticatory or specialized mucosa have a lamina propria deep to the basement membrane.
Consists of 2 layers:
1) Papillary layer- more superficial, consists of loose connective tissue within the papillae along with blood vessels and nerve tissue.
2) dense layer- deep layer of the lamina propria. Consists of dense connective tissue with a large amount of fibers.
Also has a capillary plexus between the two layers which provides nutrition for all the mucosa and sends capillaries into the connective tissue papillae. |
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Term
| Which mucosa is opaque pink, dull, and is immobile with stippling? What type of epithelium does it have? |
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Definition
The attached gingiva appears opaque pink, dull, firm, and is immobile with various amounts of stippling.
It has thick keratinized epithelium (mainly para, some ortho) |
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Term
| Which type of gingiva serves as mucoperiosteum for the bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most common type of lingual papillae? |
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Definition
| The filiform lingual papillae is the most common. |
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Term
| Does the filiform papillae have taste buds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which lingual papilla has a thick layer of ortho parakeratinized epithelium? |
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Definition
| The filiform lingual papilla. The keratin increases at the surface of each papilla giving it the snow covered xmas tree appearance. |
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Term
| which lingual papilla has the thin layer of ortho or parakeratinized epithelium and is highly vascularized in it's lamina propria? |
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Definition
| The fungiform lingual papillae. These are the mushroom shaped ones, and have tastes buds in the most superficial epithelium. |
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Term
| Of the 4 types of lingual papillae; filiform, fungiform, foliate and circumvallate, which is the only one that doesn't have taste buds? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the clinical and histological features of circumvallate lingual papillae |
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Definition
clinical: 7 to 15 large, raised mushroom shaped structures just anterior to the sulcus terminalis. Larger in diameter than fungiform (the other mushroom shaped one) measuring 3-5mm.
Histological: mushroom shaped structures with ortho or parakeratinized epithelium overlying a core of lamina propria. Taste buds in the epithelium surround the entire base of each circumvallate. |
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Term
| Which lingual papillae have taste buds surrounded their entire base? |
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Definition
| circumvallate lingual papillae |
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Term
| about how many circumvallate lingual papillae are present on the tongue? How big is each one? |
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Definition
| 7-15 present. 3-5 mm in diameter each. |
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Term
| about how many vertical ridges make up the foliate lingual papillae? Are these on the posterior or anterior lateral boarder of the tongue? |
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Definition
| 4-11 on the posterior lateral boarder. |
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Term
| describe the clinical and histological features of foliate lingual papillae |
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Definition
Clinical: 4 to 11 vertical ridges on the lateral surface of the posterior portion of the tongue.
Histological: leaf-shaped structure of ortho or parakeratinized epithelium overlying a core of lamina propria. Taste buds located in the superficial epithelium. |
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Term
| what are 2 clinical abnormalities associated with the filiform lingual papillae? |
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Definition
| geographic tongue and black hairy tongue |
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Term
| describe geographic tongue |
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Definition
| Appears as red, and then paler pink to white patches on the body of the tongue. These patches change shape with time, resembling a geographic map. Demonstrates sensitivity of the filiform papillae to changes in their environment. The filiform papillae undergo changes from parakeratinized epithelium (which is redder) to orthkeratinized epithelium (which is whiter). Sometimes associated with soreness or slight burning on the surface of the tongue. No treatment indicated for geographic tongue. |
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Term
| describe black hairy tongue |
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Definition
Presents on the dorsal surface of the tongue when normal shedding of the epithelium of the filiform lingual papillae does not occur. As a result, a thick layer of dead cells and keratin builds up on the surface of the tongue, which then becomes extrinsically stained by tobacco, medicines, or colored oral bacteria. Treatment indicated is tongue brushing/scraping.
This is not a disorder that results from neglect, it is a cellular dysfunction. |
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Term
| In what way does attached gingiva adhere to the bone? |
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Definition
| attached gingival tightly adheres to the bone around the roots of the teeth. |
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Term
| What is the interdental gingiva? |
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Definition
| The gingiva located between adjacent teeth. |
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Term
| What is marginal gingiva? |
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Definition
| Marginal gingiva is the free gingiva located at the gingival margin of each tooth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A concave area of the interdental gingiva located apical to the contact area between the facial and lingual surfaces. |
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Term
| What is the free gingival crest? |
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Definition
| The most superficial part of the marginal gingiva. |
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Term
| What is the free gingival groove? |
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Definition
| It separates the attached gingival from the marginal gingival. It is noted by a slight depression on the gingiva which corresponds to the depth of the gingival sulcus. This is more prominent on the mandibular anterior and premolar regions. |
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Term
| what are some signs of active periodontal disease that are visible on the gingiva? |
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Definition
*enlargement of marginal and attached gingival tissues. This is due to the inflammatory response in the lamina propria causing edema which causes growth.
*a redder appearance of tissues due to increased blood flow in the lamina propria
*loss of stippling because the inflammatory edema reduces the strong attachment between the epithelium and the lamina propria
*gingival recession |
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Term
| What is junctional epithelium? |
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Definition
| The junctional epithelium is a deeper extension of the sulcular epithelium. It lines the floor of the gingival sulcus and is attached to the tooth surface by way of epithelial attachment. This attachment can occur on enamel, cementum or dentin. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the histology of junctional epithelium. |
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Definition
| Has a relatively smooth interface to underlying lamina propria, with out rete ridges or connective tissue papillae. JE cells are loosely packed, with fewer desmosomal junctions between cells, compared to other gingival tissues. The JE is more permeable than other gingival tissues which allows for the movement of WBCs to keep the tissue healthy by protecting it from microbes within the bacterial biofilm. |
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Term
| What is the depth of a healthy gingival sulcus? At which point would it be considered unhealthy? |
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Definition
Normal depth between .5 and 3.0 mm.
More than 3.0 is unhealthy (generally) |
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