Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cervical, thorax, lumbar, sacral, coxigal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| divides animal in half from head to tail; only one |
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Term
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Definition
| parallel to median plane; several |
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Term
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Definition
| perpendicular to median plane; several |
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Term
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Definition
| divides animal into dorsal and ventral |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| not connected to anything else |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| penis bone(in some species) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ventral/distal, claudal, cranial |
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Term
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Definition
| proximal & distal; varies between species |
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Term
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Definition
| protrusions in the dorsal direction; highest in thoratic, high in lumbar, low in cervical |
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Term
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Definition
| 'wings'; biggest in lumbar, big in cervical, small in thorax |
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Term
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Definition
| through which spinal column runs; made of vertebral arches |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 'roof' or horizontal arch |
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Term
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Definition
| under vertebral canal, main mass |
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Term
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Definition
| window formed by notches on cranial and claudial edges of vertebrae; between vertebrae; where spinal nerves exit; exists at least cervical to sacral |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| joint between c1 & c2, can rotate, 'no joint' |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| study of ligaments and joints |
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Term
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Definition
- rupture in the fibrous 'jelly'
-space between ribs decreases
-forman shrinks; pinches nerve |
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Term
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Definition
-located on the articulating surfaces of joints
-amorphous, gel-like substance
-rich in glycosaminoglycans |
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Term
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Definition
-viscous and slippery fluid
-high content of hyaluronic acid
-between hyaline cartilage surfaces
-reduces friction
-provides nutrition to hyaline cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
-produces synovial fluid
-attaches to both bones, encloses joint |
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Term
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Definition
-synovial membrane
-fibrous connective tissue layer that reinforces the synovial membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| head, neck, tubercle, shaft/body |
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Term
| head of rib articulates with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| separates the convex facets of the head of the rib |
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Term
| tubercle of rib articulates with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| where the bony rib unites with the costal cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| cartilages join the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| cartilages overlap and attached to each other forming the costal arch |
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Term
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Definition
| no cartilage binging them |
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Term
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Definition
| space between two consecutive ribs |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of 6-8 sterebrae connected by cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st sterebra; handle of the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| only in horses; increased surface for attachment of the pectroral muscle; part of the manubrium sterni |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| on thoracic vertebrae; articulation with the head and tubercle of the rib; cranial and caudal pair |
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Term
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Definition
| spinous process of the cervical vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| verticle portions of the neural arch |
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Term
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Definition
| horizontal portions of the vertebral arch |
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Term
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Definition
| articulation with the tubercle of the rib ; two-pronged (bifid) |
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Term
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Definition
| extends from the top edge of the transverse process; attachment for muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| in lumbar region; projects caudally; small & pointed |
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Term
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Definition
| where articulation with other vertebrae occur; articular surface= facet |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| lateral vertebral foreman |
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Definition
| in the atlas; cranial edge of dorsal arch |
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Term
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Definition
| cranial edge of alae in atlas; notch in carnivores |
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Term
| atlas articulates cranially with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dorsal aspect of ventral arch; articulates with dens of axis |
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Term
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Definition
| tooth-like long and slender in carnivores |
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Term
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Definition
| in cow & dog, fused spinous processes |
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Term
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Definition
| fused transverse processes |
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Term
| intermediate sacral crest |
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Definition
| fused articular & accessory processes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| foramen in ventral surface |
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Term
| alae of sacrum articulate with |
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Definition
| wings of the ilium on the ox coxae |
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Term
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Definition
| cranioventral margin of the cranial articular surface |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| V or Y shaped bones that articulate with the caudoventral aspect of the bodies of Cd4-6 in dogs; protect the medial coccygeal artery |
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Term
| external occipital protuberance |
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Definition
| prominence typically located on the midline of the caudal portion of skill; triangular |
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Term
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Definition
| small triangular prominence on caudal or caudoventral edge |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| concavity on cranial border of scapula |
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Term
| infraglenoid/ infra-articular tuberosity |
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Definition
| on caudal border near articular angle; only in carnivores |
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Term
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Definition
| roughed area around midpoint of spine on scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| point at the distal end of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| bone projecting caudally from acromion; only in carnivores |
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Term
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Definition
| section of the scapula cranial to the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| section of the scapula caudal of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| surface with saw-tooth margin just below vertebral border |
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Term
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Definition
| depression surrounded by muscular lines |
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Term
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Definition
| shallow depression that received the head of the humerus |
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Term
| scapular/supraglenoid tuberosity or tuber scapulae |
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Definition
| on cranial edge of distal angle |
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Term
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Definition
| small beak-like process medial of the scapular tuberosity; vestige of corocoid bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| greater tuberosity/ tubercle |
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Definition
| craniolateral projection on proximal end |
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Term
| convexity of greater tuberosity |
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Definition
| caudal to greater tuberosity; smooth portion |
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Term
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Definition
| area below the greater tuberosity |
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Term
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Definition
| cranio-medial projection of the proximal end |
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Term
| intertuberal/bicipital sulcus/groove |
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Definition
| between tuberosities and facing cranially |
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Term
| brachial/musculospiral groove |
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Definition
| lateral surface of body; spirals cranially near distal end to caudally near proximal end |
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Term
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Definition
| crest of the greater tuberosity in carnivores; separated cranial and lateral surfaces of shaft; indistinct |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral process near midpoint of crest |
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Term
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Definition
| extends proximally from deltoid tuberosity; curved |
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Term
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Definition
| medial surface of body; more proximal and crest like in carnivores |
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Term
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Definition
| only in horses; ridge in bicipital sulcus of humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| where the os coxae are joined |
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Term
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Definition
| flat bone of the ox coxae that extends cranially and laterally |
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Term
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Definition
| wing; cranial expanded portion |
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Term
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Definition
| dorsolaterally and caudally in horse and cow; laterally in carnivore |
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Term
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Definition
| crosees gluteal surface; prominent in horses and ruminants; absent in carnivores |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| found on sacropelvic surface; more cranioventrallateral |
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Term
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Definition
| found on sacropelvic surface; more cranioventrallateral |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dorsomedial angle (interior angle) |
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Term
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Definition
| ventrolateral angle (exterior angle) |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow part of the ilium connecting wing to acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
| caudally and ventral on ox coxae |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| between spine and tuber sacrale; cranial to spine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tuber ischii/ ishicatic tuberosity |
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Definition
| process at caudolateral angle; most distinguishing characteristic from species standpoint |
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Term
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Definition
| medial and ventral aspect of ox coxae |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| deep socket on os coxae that articulates with head of femur |
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Term
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Definition
| moon face; articular surface of acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
| non articulating surface in acetabulum; attachment for ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| gap between the two ends of the facies lunata |
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Term
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Definition
| large opening between pubis & ishium |
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Term
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Definition
| runs along spinous processes of ribs; in lumbar region gives rise to and blends with thoracolumbar fascia; at T2 cranially turns into nuchal ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| yellow elastic ligament; both funicular and lamellar portions |
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Term
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Definition
| cordlike, attaches to the external occipital protuberance |
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Term
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Definition
| sheetlike, digitations attaching to cervical spinous processes |
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Term
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Definition
| between dorsal atlantal tubercle and funicular portion in horses |
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Term
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Definition
| dorsal to second to fourth thoracic spinous process and between funicular and lamellar parts |
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Term
| dorsal longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| runs along the floor of the vertebral canal; reduced in lumbar region; fused in sacral region; in cervical region divides into three pillars, center become apical ligament of dens, lateral pillars become alar ligaments |
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Term
| transverse atlantal ligament |
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Definition
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Term
| ventral longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| longitudinally along the vertebral crest at the ventral side of the bodies; absent or reduced in sacral and coccygeal; terminates cranially at ventral tubercle of atlas as ventral atlano-axial ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| between bodies of adjacent vertebrae; thick in lumbar region to allow considerable movement; consists of anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| central amorphous, gelatinous center; remnant of the embryonic notochord |
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Term
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Definition
| connect adjacent spinous processes with the fibers decussating to form an X |
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Term
| intertransverse ligaments |
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Definition
| pass between adjacent transverse processl very poorly developed in thoracic; best developed in lumbar region |
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Term
| interarcuate/yellow ligaments or ligaments flava |
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Definition
| between arches of adjacent vertebrae; elastic structure facilities vertebral column movement |
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Term
| capsular ligament of interneural joint |
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Definition
| encapsulates articular processes of adjacent vertebrae |
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Term
| intercapital/conjugal/intra-articular |
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Definition
| joins together the vertebral heads of left and right rib; attaches to the grove that separates the two facets of the head; precluded herniation of pulpy nucleus; absent between first and last two pairs of ribs |
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Term
| ligament of head/radiate ligament |
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Definition
| passes from the head of the rib to intervertebral discs or vertebral bodies; reduced in last few ribs |
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Term
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Definition
| neck of the rib to the ventral surface of the transverse process and adjacent area; reduced in last few ribs |
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Term
| ligament of tubercle/dorsal costotransverse ligament |
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Definition
| tubercle of the rib to the transverse process of vertebra; strongest ligament attaching rib to vertebra |
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Term
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Definition
| between atlas and axis, lateral movement |
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Term
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Definition
| between atlas and occipital; vertical movement |
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Term
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Definition
| between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae with the intervertebral disc interposed |
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Term
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Definition
| between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae; articular surfaces called facets |
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Term
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Definition
| between rib and vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| between costal head and two facets |
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Term
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Definition
| facent on the tubercle of the rib and transverse fovea of vertebra |
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Term
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Definition
| rounded tip lumbar/sacral region |
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Term
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Definition
| mass exit of spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| collection of nerve cell bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| not process, flows in dorsal root then out ventral root |
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Term
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Definition
| lymph vessel to head/neck |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| only in horse; fasial planes to spinous processes in thoracic & lumbar; shock-absorbing mechanism of limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| cylinder of fascia lateral to trachea; conducts important vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue layer over lateral surface of body wall |
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Term
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Definition
| horses only; medial surface of scapula; divides into 3 laminae |
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Term
| attenuation scale of radiographs |
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Definition
| air;fat;water;bones;metal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| differential density interface |
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Definition
| objects of different attenuation are easy to make out |
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Term
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Definition
| when object of same density is in contact; margins/ individual objects indistinguishable |
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Term
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Definition
| radiographic densities are additive |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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