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Anatomy flashcards
Blood test flashcards
72
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/09/2012

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Term
hematocrit
Definition

number of blood cells in blood, packed volume

 

Term
45 percent of volume is hematocrit for
Definition
males
Term
42 percent of volume is hematocrit for
Definition
females
Term
above normal hematocrit
Definition

ploycythemia

 

Term
below normal hematocrit
Definition
anemia
Term
blood transports
Definition
nutrients, 02, co2, waste, hormones, enzymes
Term
reasons for anemia
Definition

poor nutrition, blood loss, heredity

cancer, drugs

Term
buffy coat
Definition

1 percent of blood

made of leukocytes and platelets

Term
erythrocytes
Definition
red blood cells
Term
rbcs are ___nucleated
Definition
anucleated
Term
what protein in rbcs carries iron
Definition
hemoglobin
Term
rbsc are about ___% in cell
Definition
95%
Term
less than __/100 ml is anemic
Definition
10
Term
carbonic anhydrase
Definition

catalyzes CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid, 

some will break down into bicarbonate ions

Term
hemoglobin, __ protein chains
Definition
4
Term
technical name for protein chains
Definition
globin
Term
heme
Definition
red pigment, one per globin, holds iron, hence color
Term
oxyhemoglobin
Definition
oxygen carrying Hgb
Term
carbaminohemoglobin
Definition
CO2 on Hgb, attached to globin molecule
Term
erythropoiesis
Definition
formation of rbcs
Term
how long does it take to produce rbcs
Definition
4-7 days
Term
formation of rbcs begins as 
Definition
hemocytoblasts, stem cells
Term
reticulocytes
Definition
immature rbcs with rough ER
Term
rbc created and destroyed at rate of
Definition
100 million per minute
Term
erythropoietinogen
Definition

hormone controls rate of rbc production

needs to be activated by erythropoietic factor to work

Term
life span of rbcs
Definition
105-120 days
Term
hemoglobin returns to ____ to be recycled
Definition
bone
Term
parts of protein, bilirubin, taken to ____ 
Definition
liver, excreted as bile
Term
leukocytes
Definition
white blood cells
Term
granulocytes
Definition

three types of wbcs,

contain large granules in cytoplasm

Term
neutrophils
Definition
phagocytes, may move out of cells into tissues, contain many lysosomes, 65% of total WBC, many lobed nuclei
Term
diapedesis
Definition
ability to move from blood vessels into tissues
Term
eosinophil
Definition
5% of all WBC, numerous in lining of respiratory and digestive tracts, weak phagocytes
Term
basophils
Definition
about 1% of WBC, diapedetic, contain histamines and heparin,  an inflammtory and anticoagulant
Term
agranulocytes
Definition
without cytoplasmic granules, have 3 types
Term
t lymphocytes
Definition
enter thymes and undergo changes, attack and destroy viruses and tumors/cancer cells, activate B cells
Term
B cells
Definition
produce antibodies against specific antigens
Term
monocytes
Definition
6%, largest of leukocytes, phagocytose bacteria and viruses
Term
leukocytosis
Definition
WBC count over 11,000 per meter cubed
Term
leukopenia
Definition
decreased WBC count, mainly due to drugs normally
Term
platelets
Definition
anucleated, called picus
Term
physical properties
Definition
agglutination, adhesiveness, aggregation
Term
we produced plts at ___months old
Definition
3
Term
plts formed in ____
Definition
red bone marrow, lungs, spleen
Term
life span of plts
Definition
9 days
Term
how is blood type determined
Definition
by type of antigen
Term
how many antigens are there
Definition
600
Term
named according to ____ present on RBC
Definition
antigen
Term
universal recipient
Definition
AB +
Term
universal donor
Definition
O-
Term
africans are duffy_____
Definition
negative
Term
whites are duffy_____
Definition
positive
Term
hemolytic reaction
Definition
breakdown of blood
Term
rh+ factor
Definition

means a particular protein present in blood,

has an antigen of this protein

Term
does blood contain anti-rh antibodies?
Definition
no, we develop them
Term
plasma
Definition
liquid portion of blood, 90% H2O and 10% solutes
Term
plasma solutes are ____
Definition
types of protein
Term
3 main kinds of plasma proteins
Definition
albumins, fibrinogen, globulins
Term
albumins
Definition
help in clotting
Term
fibrinogens
Definition
help in clotting
Term
globulins
Definition
circulating antibodies, immunity
Term
what is the normal PH of plasma/blood
Definition
7.2, can vary .2 either way, then kills you
Term
acidosis
Definition
too acidic
Term
alkalosis
Definition
too basic
Term
how many factors necessary for clotting
Definition
19
Term
clotting theory
Definition
several proteins inactive in blood (prothrombin, fibrinogen, Ca++), damaged cells release thromboplastin, converts prothrombin into active enzyme, thrombin, converts fibrinogen into fibrin (insoluble protein fibers that tangle together), trap RBCs and form clot, some clear fluid can be released
Term
serum
Definition
plasma without clotting factor
Term
where are plasma proteins produced?
Definition
liver
Term
liver needs vitamin ___ to produce prothrombin
Definition
K
Term
E. coli are in ____, help produce vitamin ___, which needs ___ to be absorbed
Definition
large intestine, K, bile
Term
accumulation of cholesterol creates ___
Definition
plaque
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