Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 31 spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves and sensory and motor ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
| Afferent, skin, tendons, ligaments, fascia, joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| Efferent, cardiac, spinal, smooth, and glands. |
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Term
| Unipolar Neuron (Psuedopolar) cell body location |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cell bodies located in PNS and CNS |
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Term
| Locations of the cervical and lumbar enlargements? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dura Matter location, structure, purpose? |
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Definition
Dense, tough, fibrous outer membrane.
Runs from foramen magnum to S2. Protection. |
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Term
| Location of the spinal nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inferior attachment point of dura matter? |
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Definition
| The coccygeal ligament, running from the base of the coccyx to the inferior point of the dura matter at S2. |
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Term
| Arachnoid Meninge Location, Vascular, Composition? |
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Definition
| thin, filamentous and a-vascular. Located deep to the dura matter. Foramen magnum to S2. |
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Term
| Epidural Space composition and location? |
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Definition
| composed of fat, veins, and loose connective tissue. Located deep to the dural meninge. |
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Term
| Subarachnoid space location, composition, clinical uses, largest point. |
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Definition
| runs inferiorly from the foraman magnum to S2. Located deep to the arachnoid meninge and superficial to the pia meninge. Contains the cerebrospinal fluid. Extends beyond the spinal cord to S2. Largest in region inferior to the terminal end of the spinal cord, where it surrounds the cauda equina. |
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Term
| Location of the dural sac? |
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Definition
| Termination at S2. Marks the end of the dura matter. |
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Term
| Location of the dural sac? |
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Definition
| Termination at S2. Marks the end of the dura matter. |
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Term
| Dorsal Root ganglia location? |
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Definition
| observable prior to moving into the intervertebral foramen. |
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Term
| conus medullaris definition? |
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Definition
| Terminal end of the spinal cord. |
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Term
| Dorsal/Ventral primary rami? |
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Definition
| spinal nerve division forming after the spinal nerves exit the intervertebral foramen. |
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Term
| What do the posterior rami innervate? |
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Definition
| Intrinsic back muscle and an associated narrow strip of skin on the back. |
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Term
| What do the anterior rami innervate? |
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Definition
| most other skeletal muscles, limbs and trunk, most remaining areas of the skin except for regions of the head. |
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Term
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Definition
8 Cervical nerves, C1-C8.
7 Thoracic Nerves, T1-T7 (extend below the associated vertebra)
5 Lumbar Nerves, L1-L5
5 Sacral Nerves, S1-S5
1 Coccygeal Nerve, Co. |
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Term
| Where does the first cervical nerve originate/exit? |
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Definition
| The vertebral canal between the skull and vertebra C1. All nerves beginning with T1 emerge from the intervertebral foraman below their respective vertebrae. |
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Term
| Components of the axial skeleton |
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Definition
| skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum |
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Term
| Components of the appendicular skeleton |
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Definition
| bones of the upper and lower extermities, the pelvic and shoulder girdles |
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Term
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Definition
| bending movement that decreases the angle between two parts |
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Term
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Definition
| straightening movement that increases the angle between two parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| motion that pulls a structure away from the midline |
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Term
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Definition
| motion that pulls structure or part towards the midline |
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Term
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Definition
| rotation bringing structure towards the midline |
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Term
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Definition
| rotation away from the midline |
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Term
| What are the components of a fibrous joint? What are examples? Range of motion |
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Definition
Bones are directly united by fibrous tissue.
Ex) Sutures of the skull, interosseous membranes
Little or no movemen |
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Term
| Cartilaginous Joints. Composition? Examples? Range of Motion? |
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Definition
Hyaline cartilage or fibrous cartilage.
Ex) intervertebral disks, pelvic symphysis
Slightly movable and strong |
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Term
| What are the components of the articular capsule? |
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Definition
| Fibrous membrane and synovial membrane |
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Term
| What parts of a synovial joint does the synovial membrane cover? |
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Definition
| It is deep to the fibrous membrane. It does not cover the articulating surfaces. |
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Term
| What are Capsular (intrinsic) Ligaments? |
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Definition
| Thickenings of the articular capsule with the purpose of adding support, stability, and limited joint movement. |
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Term
| What are Extrinsic ligaments? Give anatomical examples. |
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Definition
Ligaments located around the synovial joint to provide increased strength and stability that are not part of the joint capsule.
Trapezoid Ligament and the Conoid Ligament. |
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Term
| Where do the greater and lesser tubercles lie relative to one another? |
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Definition
| The greater tubercle is posterior to the lesser tubercle. |
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Term
| What muscles are considered the superficial back muscles? |
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Definition
| The Latissimus Dorsi, Trapezius, Rhomboid Minor, Rhomboid Major, and Levator Scapulae |
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Term
| What structures supply blood to and innervate the trapezius? |
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Definition
| The transverse cervical artery and vein and the subtrapezial nerve plexus, which consists of cervical nerves C3 and C4 and accessory nerve CN XI. |
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Term
| Origin and insertion of Trapezius? |
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Definition
Origin = C1-T12 along the spinous processes and the external occipital protuberence of the skull.
Insertion = The medial lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, the medial scapular spine, and the acromion |
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Term
| Origin,Insertion, and innervation of the Levator Scapulae? |
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Definition
Origin= Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion - Medial border of the Scapula above the spine.
Innervation- Dorsal Scapular N. |
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Term
| Origin, insertion, and innervation of the Rhomboid Major? |
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Definition
Origin= C7-T1 spinous processes.
Insertion = Medial border of scapula at the spine.
Innervation = Dorsal Scapular Nerve |
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Term
| Origin, Insertion, and Innervation of Rhomboid Major? |
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Definition
Origin=T2-T5 Spinous
Insertion= Medial Border of Scapula below the spine.
Innervation= Dorsal Scapular N. |
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Term
| Origin, Insertion, and Innervation of the Latissimus Dorsi? |
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Definition
Origin= Iliac Crest, T6-L5 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia.
Insertion- Intertubecular Groove of the proximal humerus.
Innervation = thoracodorsal N. |
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Term
| What is the only joint linking the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton? What type of joint is it? |
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Definition
| Sternoclavicular joint. Synovial. |
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Term
| What ligament do the trapezoid and conoid ligaments collectively form? |
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Definition
| Coracoclavicular Ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| A sheetlike fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened tendon, that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone. |
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Term
| List the muscles responsible for scapular elevation. |
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Definition
| Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapulae |
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Term
| List the muscles responsible for scapular depression. |
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Definition
| Lower Trapezius, Lower serratus anterior, gravity. |
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Term
| List the muscles responsible for scapular retraction? |
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Definition
| Middle Trapezius, Rhomboid Minor and Major |
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Term
| List the muscles responsible for scapular protraction. |
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Definition
| Pectoralis minor, Serratus anterior. |
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Term
| List the muscles responsible for superior rotation of the lateral angle of the scapula. |
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Definition
| Upper and Lower Trapezius, Serratus anterior |
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Term
| List the muscles responsible for inferior rotation of the scapular anterior angle. |
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Definition
| Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator Scapulae, Gravity. |
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Term
| What muscles come together to form the posterior axillary fold? |
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Definition
| The latissimus dorsi and the teres major. |
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Term
| Where is the serratus anterior muscle located? |
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Definition
| Deep to the scapula and superficial to the ribs. Its medial border is not visible from the prospective of the dorsal view of the scapula. |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory from the somatic structures of the PNS. This includes sensations of pain, pressure, temperature, touch, and propioception from the skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, periosteum, and skin (excluding sebacious and sweat glands, smooth muscle of hair and blood vessels) |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor innervation involving the somatic structures. Skeletal muscles of the trunk, neck, and back which arose from the somatic mesoderm. |
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Term
| How many dorsal rami are there? What are there functions? |
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Definition
31 dorsal rami. Provide segmental motor and sensory supply to the dorsum of the neck and back.
1. General sensation on the dorsum of the neck and back.
2. Somatic Motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the deep neck and back (errector spinae).
3. Autonomic innervation to the visceral structures of the dorsal neck and back (sweat glands, smooth muscles of hair follicles and vasculature). |
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Term
| How many Ventral Rami? General Function? |
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Definition
| 31 Ventral Rami. Generally form a nerve plexus and function as motor and sensory supply to limbs and anterolateral aspects of the trunk. |
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Term
| Name the 4 important land marks for the distribution of the ventral rami. |
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Definition
Cervical Plexus (C1-C4)
Brachial Plexus (C5-T1)
T1-T11 and T12 = Intercostal Nerves and One Subcostal Nerve, respectively. (NOT A PLEXUS)
Lumbosacral Plexus (L1-S4. |
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Term
| Where does the cervical plexus occur and what does it innervate? |
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Definition
| C1-C4. It innervates the anterior and lateral neck regions. |
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Term
| What nerves does the brachial plexus encompass and what does it innervate? |
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Definition
| C5-T1, innervation of the upper limb, superficial back, shoulder, and pectoral region. |
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Term
| What nerves do the intercostal and subcostal nerves consist of? |
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Definition
| T1-T11, T12. Anterolateral, thoracic and upper abdominal wall regions. Rami remain INDEPENDENT (Not a Plexus). |
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Term
| What nerves does the lumbar sacral plexus consist of and where do they innervate? |
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Definition
| L1-S4, lower abdominal wall, pelvis and lower limb. |
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Term
| Are the ventral rami limited to somatic innervation? |
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Definition
| No, they provide autonomic innervation to visceral structures located in their associated regions. |
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