Term
You’ve accidently stapled your finger again. What strata, from superficial to deep, did the staple penetrate?
a. basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
b. corneum, granulosum, lucidum, spinosum, basale
c. corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
d. lucidum, corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale |
|
Definition
You’ve accidently stapled your finger again. What strata, from superficial to deep, did the staple penetrate?
a. basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
b. corneum, granulosum, lucidum, spinosum, basale
C. CORNEUM, LUCIDUM, GRANULOSUM, SPINOSUM, BASALE
d. lucidum, corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale |
|
|
Term
In which layers of the skin are keratinocytes found?
a. basale, spinosum, granulosum
b. lucidum, corneum
c. papillary, reticular
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
In which layers of the skin are keratinocytes found?
a. basale, spinosum, granulosum
b. lucidum, corneum
c. papillary, reticular
D. A AND B
e. all of the above |
|
|
Term
Where does melanin come from?
a. Holocrine glands called melanocytes produce melanin. It gets passed from cell-to-cell via gap junctions by simple diffusion.
b. Melanocytes, found in the stratum corneum, die and release melanin which then filters across to the other strata within the epidermis.
c. Endocrine glands called melanocytes are found in stratum basale. They produce the hormone melanin which spreads through the superficial vascular plexus and binds with receptor keratinocytes.
d. Melanocytes, found in the stratum spinosum, produce melanin. It’s packaged into melanosomes and taken along dendrites into the lower layers of the dermis where melanin granules are then released into the interstitial fluid. There they form a protective UV barrier.
e. Melanocytes, found in the stratum basale, produce melanin. It’s packaged into melanosomes and taken along dendrites into the upper layers of the epidermis where melanin granules are then released by exocytosis. |
|
Definition
Where does melanin come from?
a. Holocrine glands called melanocytes produce melanin. It gets passed from cell-to-cell via gap junctions by simple diffusion.
b. Melanocytes, found in the stratum corneum, die and release melanin which then filters across to the other strata within the epidermis.
c. Endocrine glands called melanocytes are found in stratum basale. They produce the hormone melanin which spreads through the superficial vascular plexus and binds with receptor keratinocytes.
d. Melanocytes, found in the stratum spinosum, produce melanin. It’s packaged into melanosomes and taken along dendrites into the lower layers of the dermis where melanin granules are then released into the interstitial fluid. There they form a protective UV barrier.
e. MELANOCYTES, FOUND IN THE STRATUM BASALE, PRODUCE MELANIN. ITS PACAGED INTO MELANOSOMES AND TAKEN ALONG DENDRITES INTO THE UPPERLAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS WEHRE MELANIN GRANULES ARE THEN RELEASED BY EXOCYTOSIS |
|
|
Term
Cells within which stratum begin to undergo apoptosis?
a. stratum basale
b. stratum corneum
c. stratum granulosum
d. stratum spinosum |
|
Definition
Cells within which stratum begin to undergo apoptosis?
a. stratum basale
b. stratum corneum
c. STRATUM GRANULOSUM
d. stratum spinosum |
|
|
Term
Stratum corneum is the thickest of the epidermal layers and the cells found there are dead. These dead cells desquamate and are constantly being replaced by other, more recently dead, cells.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
Stratum corneum is the thickest of the epidermal layers and the cells found there are dead. These dead cells desquamate and are constantly being replaced by other, more recently dead, cells.
A.TRUE
b. false |
|
|
Term
The dermis:
a. is avascular and has no nerve endings.
b. is superficial to the epidermis
c. is composed of a thin papillary layer and a thick reticular layer
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
The dermis:
a. is avascular and has no nerve endings.
b. is superficial to the epidermis
C. IS COMPOSED OF A THIN PAPILLARY LAYER AND A THICK RETICULAR LAYER
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
|
|
Term
Sebum:
a. is produced by ceruminous glands
b. has bactericidal properties
c. softens and protects skin and hair
d. b and c
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
Sebum:
a. is produced by ceruminous glands
b. has bactericidal properties
c. softens and protects skin and hair
D. B AND C
e. all of the above |
|
|
Term
The hypodermis is a subcutaneous layer deep to the skin composed primarily of dense regular connective tissue and a small number of fat cells.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
The hypodermis is a subcutaneous layer deep to the skin composed primarily of dense regular connective tissue and a small number of fat cells.
a. true
B. FALSE |
|
|
Term
The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastin fibers and is responsible for the strength of the skin is the reticular layer.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastin fibers and is responsible for the strength of the skin is the reticular layer.
A. TRUE
b. false |
|
|
Term
The hypodermis is found:
a. superficial to the epidermis
b. deep to the dermis
c. between the dermis and the epidermis
d. only on the soles of our feet and the palms of our hands |
|
Definition
The hypodermis is found:
a. superficial to the epidermis
B. DEEP TO THE DERMIS
c. between the dermis and the epidermis
d. only on the soles of our feet and the palms of our hands |
|
|
Term
Sebaceous glands are:
a. simple branched alveolar glands
b. androgen sensitive
c. functionally holocrine glands
d. all of the above
e. none of the above |
|
Definition
Sebaceous glands are:
a. simple branched alveolar glands
b. androgen sensitive
c. functionally holocrine glands
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
e. none of the above |
|
|
Term
The papillary layer of the dermis:
a. is responsible for epidermal ridges
b. is the thickest layer of the dermis
c. is dense irregular connective tissue proper
d. is avascular
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
The papillary layer of the dermis:
A. IS RESPONSIBLE FOR EPIDERMAL RIDGES
b. is the thickest layer of the dermis
c. is dense irregular connective tissue proper
d. is avascular
e. all of the above |
|
|
Term
Which is thicker?
a. stratum corneum
b. stratum granulosum
c. papillary layer of the dermis
d. reticular layer of the dermis
e. all of the above are of equal thickness |
|
Definition
Which is thicker?
a. stratum corneum
b. stratum granulosum
c. papillary layer of the dermis
D. RETICULAR LAYER OF THE DERMIS
e. all of the above are of equal thickness |
|
|
Term
If you cut your finger, receptor cells in the brain release a paracrine molecule (Epidermal Growth Factor) which travels down through the bloodstream and stimulates cells in the basal layer of the epithelium to bridge the gap. The innermost layer is bridged first and healing occurs deep to superficial.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
If you cut your finger, receptor cells in the brain release a paracrine molecule (Epidermal Growth Factor) which travels down through the bloodstream and stimulates cells in the basal layer of the epithelium to bridge the gap. The innermost layer is bridged first and healing occurs deep to superficial.
a. true
B. FALSE |
|
|
Term
Sudoriferous and sebaceous glands are derived from the epidermis but hair and nails are derived from the dermis.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
Sudoriferous and sebaceous glands are derived from the epidermis but hair and nails are derived from the dermis.
a. true
B. FALSE |
|
|
Term
If you walked in here today having missed the last several classes and now you see that you’ve been studying the wrong material and this realization makes you nervous, you may break out in a sweat. Which glands would be responsible for this ‘cold sweat’?
a. ceruminous glands
b. apocrine sweat glands
c. merocrine sweat glands
d. mammary glands |
|
Definition
If you walked in here today having missed the last several classes and now you see that you’ve been studying the wrong material and this realization makes you nervous, you may break out in a sweat. Which glands would be responsible for this ‘cold sweat’?
a. ceruminous glands
b. apocrine sweat glands
C. MEROCRINE SWEAT GLANDS
d. mammary glands |
|
|
Term
Your little brother has shoved a small stick into your ear. Now this ear hurts a bit and is producing an abnormally large amount of ear wax. Which glands are irritated and responsible?
a. ceruminous glands
b. apocrine sweat glands
c. merocrine sweat glands
d. mammary glands |
|
Definition
Your little brother has shoved a small stick into your ear. Now this ear hurts a bit and is producing an abnormally large amount of ear wax. Which glands are irritated and responsible?
A. CERUMINOUS GLANDS
b. apocrine sweat glands
c. merocrine sweat glands
d. mammary glands |
|
|
Term
Given these criteria, choose the type of skin being described:
No hair follicles or arrector pili muscles
No sebaceous glands present
More sudoriferous glands
Denser sensory receptors
Presence of epidermal ridges
a. Thin skin
b. Thick skin
c. Fascia |
|
Definition
Given these criteria, choose the type of skin being described:
No hair follicles or arrector pili muscles
No sebaceous glands present
More sudoriferous glands
Denser sensory receptors
Presence of epidermal ridges
a. Thin skin
B. THICK SKIN
c. Fascia |
|
|
Term
Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates our red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells (RBCs) as needed via hematopoiesis. Falling O2 level is often the trigger for this.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates our red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells (RBCs) as needed via hematopoiesis. Falling O2 level is often the trigger for this.
A. TRUE
b. false |
|
|
Term
The articular surface of a long bone is covered with a thick membrane called the periosteum.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
The articular surface of a long bone is covered with a thick membrane called the periosteum.
a. true
B. FALSE |
|
|
Term
The epiphyseal line is:
a. the place where the periosteum joins the articular cartilage
b. what the epiphyseal plate becomes once the bone has matured
c. the overlap between articular cartilage and a synovial membrane
d. the line that runs down the center of a bone on its long axis.
e. found within the epiphysis. |
|
Definition
The epiphyseal line is:
a. the place where the periosteum joins the articular cartilage
B. WHAT THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE BECOMES ONCE THE BONE HAS MATURED
c. the overlap between articular cartilage and a synovial membrane
d. the line that runs down the center of a bone on its long axis.
e. found within the epiphysis. |
|
|
Term
The periosteum is:
a. a single-layered outer membrane
b. formed of dense regular connective tissue proper
c. is, like cartilage, devoid of nerve endings and blood vessels
d. secured to underlying bone by collagen fibers called Sharpey’s fibers
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
The periosteum is:
a. a single-layered outer membrane
b. formed of dense regular connective tissue proper
c. is, like cartilage, devoid of nerve endings and blood vessels
D. SECURED TO UNDERLYING BONE BY CALLOGEN FIBERS CALLED SHARPEYS FIBERS
e. all of the above |
|
|
Term
Lamellae most closely associated with the osteon is called:
a. concentric
b. circumferential
c. interstitial
d. intracellular
e. Haversian |
|
Definition
Lamellae most closely associated with the osteon is called:
A. CONCENTRIC
b. circumferential
c. interstitial
d. intracellular
e. Haversian |
|
|
Term
Endosteum:
a. is found lining the internal surfaces of bone
b. contains osteoblasts
c. contains osteoclasts
d. all of the above
e. none of the above |
|
Definition
Endosteum:
a. is found lining the internal surfaces of bone
b. contains osteoblasts
c. contains osteoclasts
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
e. none of the above |
|
|
Term
The tibia has 1 epiphysis, 2 diaphyses, and 2 metaphyses.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
The tibia has 1 epiphysis, 2 diaphyses, and 2 metaphyses.
a. true
B. FALSE |
|
|
Term
Red marrow is not found in the spongy bone of:
a. the ilium
b. the ribs
c. the sternum
d. the clavicles
e. the proximal epiphyses of the femur and humerus |
|
Definition
Red marrow is not found in the spongy bone of:
a. the ilium
b. the ribs
c. the sternum
D. THE CLAVICLES
e. the proximal epiphyses of the femur and humerus |
|
|
Term
Large, multinucleated cells that resorb bony matrix are called:
a. osteocytes
b. osteoblasts
c. osteoclasts
d. osteoid |
|
Definition
Large, multinucleated cells that resorb bony matrix are called:
a. osteocytes
b. osteoblasts
C. OSTEOCLASTS
d. osteoid |
|
|
Term
Compact bone:
a. is composed of trabeculae.
b. is found only in the diaphysis of long bones.
c. is composed of structural units called osteons.
d. is avascular.
e. consists, in part, of chondrocytes which lie in lacunae |
|
Definition
Compact bone:
a. is composed of trabeculae.
b. is found only in the diaphysis of long bones.
C. IS COMPOSED OF STRUCTURAL UNITS CALLED OSTEONS
d. is avascular.
e. consists, in part, of chondrocytes which lie in lacunae |
|
|
Term
The osteogenic layer of periosteum consists primarily of:
a. chondrocytes and osteocytes
b. osteoblasts and osteoclasts
c. dense irregular connective tissue
d. collagen fibers
e. c and d |
|
Definition
The osteogenic layer of periosteum consists primarily of:
a. chondrocytes and osteocytes
B. OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS
c. dense irregular connective tissue
d. collagen fibers
e. c and d |
|
|
