Term
If the ionic permeabilities of the cell membrane are constant, the membrane potential difference will be at the so-called equilibrium membrane potential.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
If the ionic permeabilities of the cell membrane are constant, the membrane potential difference will be at the so-called equilibrium membrane potential.
a. true
B. FALSE |
|
|
Term
A cell’s resting membrane potential is determined by the K+ leakage channels, the Na+ leakage channels, the Cl- leakage channels, and the Na+/K+ ATP pump, which counters the continual influx of Na+ and efflux of K+.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
A cell’s resting membrane potential is determined by the K+ leakage channels, the Na+ leakage channels, the Cl- leakage channels, and the Na+/K+ ATP pump, which counters the continual influx of Na+ and efflux of K+.
A. TRUE
b. false |
|
|
Term
Ion flows are electrical currents.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
Ion flows are electrical currents.
A. TRUE
b. false |
|
|
Term
If sodium ion channels open
a. the membrane conductance for sodium decreases
b. the membrane potential will move farther from the equilibrium potential for that ion
c. the membrane potential hyperpolarizes
d. the membrane potential repolarizes
e. the membrane potential moves in a positive direction |
|
Definition
If sodium ion channels open
a. the membrane conductance for sodium decreases
b. the membrane potential will move farther from the equilibrium potential for that ion
c. the membrane potential hyperpolarizes
d. the membrane potential repolarizes
E. THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL MOVES IN A POSITIVE DIRECTION |
|
|
Term
All synovial joints are diarthroses.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
All synovial joints are diarthroses.
A. TRUE
b. false |
|
|
Term
Choose the incorrect statement:
a. a synostosis is a synarthrosis.
b. a syndesmosis is an amphiarthrosis
c. a synchondrosis is a synarthrosis which may become a synostosis.
d. a symphysis is an amphiarthrosis consisting of hyaline cartilage
e. a gomphosis is a synarthrosis also known as a dentoalveolar joint |
|
Definition
Choose the incorrect statement:
a. a synostosis is a synarthrosis.
b. a syndesmosis is an amphiarthrosis
c. a synchondrosis is a synarthrosis which may become a synostosis.
D. A SYMPHYSIS IS AN AMPHIARTHROSIS CONSISTING OF HYALINE CARTILAGE
e. a gomphosis is a synarthrosis also known as a dentoalveolar joint |
|
|
Term
A gomphosis includes:
a. the tooth root
b. periodontal ligaments
c. gingival
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
A gomphosis includes:
a. the tooth root
b. periodontal ligaments
c. gingival
D. A AND B
e. all of the above |
|
|
Term
Which cells would you expect to find in a normal joint cavity?
a. macrophages
b. neutrophils
c. erythrocytes
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
Which cells would you expect to find in a normal joint cavity?
A. MACROPHAGES
b. neutrophils
c. erythrocytes
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
|
|
Term
The articular capsule consists of a synovial membrane and articular cartilage.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
The articular capsule consists of a synovial membrane and articular cartilage.
a. true
B. FALSE |
|
|
Term
Synovial fluid:
a. provides osteocytes with oxygen and nutrients
b. removes CO2 and wastes from osteocytes
c. absorbs shock and lubricates the joint
d. all of the above |
|
Definition
Synovial fluid:
a. provides osteocytes with oxygen and nutrients
b. removes CO2 and wastes from osteocytes
C. ABSORBS SHOCK AND LUBRICATES THE JOINT
d. all of the above |
|
|
Term
Carpal tunnel syndrome involves
a. the joint capsules of the metacarpal joints becoming inflamed and irritated
b. the inflammation of the extensor muscles of the antebrachium
c. pressure on the transverse carpal ligament secondary to metatarsal inflammation
d. pressure on the median nerve secondary to tendon sheath inflammation
e. inflammation and pain associated with chronic pressure from running and jumping |
|
Definition
Carpal tunnel syndrome involves
a. the joint capsules of the metacarpal joints becoming inflamed and irritated
b. the inflammation of the extensor muscles of the antebrachium
c. pressure on the transverse carpal ligament secondary to metatarsal inflammation
D. PRESSURE ON THE MEDIAN NERVE SECONDARY TO TENDON SHEATH INFLAMMATION
e. inflammation and pain associated with chronic pressure from running and jumping |
|
|
Term
An increase in the angle between articulating bones consistent with the anatomical position:
a. flexion
b. extension
c. hyperextension
d. circumduction
e. rotation |
|
Definition
An increase in the angle between articulating bones consistent with the anatomical position:
a. flexion
B. EXTENSION
c. hyperextension
d. circumduction
e. rotation |
|
|
Term
There is a change in the orientation of the facet joints as they proceed down the spine such that the facet joints in the lumbar spine do not permit rotation.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
There is a change in the orientation of the facet joints as they proceed down the spine such that the facet joints in the lumbar spine do not permit rotation.
A. TRUE
b. false |
|
|
Term
All of the following are planar joints except
a. sternoclavicular
b. interphalangeal
c. intercarpal
d. vertebrocostal |
|
Definition
All of the following are planar joints except
a. sternoclavicular
B. INTERPHALANGEAL
c. intercarpal
d. vertebrocostal
e. zygapophyseal |
|
|
Term
Each _______________ connects the posterior surface of the lamina on the vertebra below to the anterior surface of the lamina of the vertebra above.
a. interspinus ligament
b. ligamentum nuchae
c. posterior longitudinal ligament
d. anterior longitudinal ligament
e. ligamentum flavum |
|
Definition
Each _______________ connects the posterior surface of the lamina on the vertebra below to the anterior surface of the lamina of the vertebra above.
a. interspinus ligament
b. ligamentum nuchae
c. posterior longitudinal ligament
d. anterior longitudinal ligament
E. LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM |
|
|
Term
The atlanto-axial joint allows rotation around the dens, found on
a. C1 (atlas)
b. C2 (axis) |
|
Definition
The atlanto-axial joint allows rotation around the dens, found on
a. C1 (atlas)
B. C2 (AXIS) |
|
|
Term
The annular ligament that helps allow pronation and supination is attached to what bone?
a. radius
b. ulna
c. humerus
d. tibia
e. fibula |
|
Definition
The annular ligament that helps allow pronation and supination is attached to what bone?
a. radius
B. ULNA
c. humerus
d. tibia
e. fibula |
|
|
Term
The carpometacarpal joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb allows what movements?
a. abduction and adduction
b. flexion and extension
c. circumduction
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
The carpometacarpal joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb allows what movements?
a. abduction and adduction
b. flexion and extension
c. circumduction
d. a and b
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
|
|
Term
Which of the following terms would apply to the temperomandibular joint?
a. hinge
b. planar
c. gliding
d. a and b
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
Which of the following terms would apply to the temperomandibular joint?
a. hinge
b. planar
c. gliding
D. A AND B
e. all of the above |
|
|
Term
The TMJ is the articulation between the condylar process of the mandible with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
The TMJ is the articulation between the condylar process of the mandible with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
A. TRUE
b. false |
|
|
Term
The synovial cavity of the TMJ includes
a. 3 separate synovial compartments
b. a fibrocartilaginous articular disc
c. the lateral ligament
d. the stylomandibular ligament
e. 2 menisci |
|
Definition
The synovial cavity of the TMJ includes
a. 3 separate synovial compartments
B. A FIBROCARTILAGINOUS DISC
c. the lateral ligament
d. the stylomandibular ligament
e. 2 menisci |
|
|
Term
Which of the following joints does not contain a fibrocartilaginous pad (labrum/meniscus/etc)?
a. elbow
b. TMJ
c. knee
d. hip
e. shoulder |
|
Definition
Which of the following joints does not contain a fibrocartilaginous pad (labrum/meniscus/etc)?
A. ELBOW
b. TMJ
c. knee
d. hip
e. shoulder |
|
|
Term
The coracoacromial ligament is actually running between 2 parts of the same bone.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
The coracoacromial ligament is actually running between 2 parts of the same bone.
A. TRUE
b. false |
|
|
Term
Which is the most anterior of the rotator cuff muscles?
a. infraspinatus
b. supraspinatus
c. teres minor
d. subscapularis
e. they’re all equally anterior |
|
Definition
Which is the most anterior of the rotator cuff muscles?
a. infraspinatus
b. supraspinatus
c. teres minor
D. SUBSCAPULARIS
e. they’re all equally anterior |
|
|
Term
Which of the rotator cuff muscles supports the shoulder joint from below?
a. infraspinatus
b. supraspinatus
c. teres minor
d. subscapularis
e. none of them |
|
Definition
Which of the rotator cuff muscles supports the shoulder joint from below?
a. infraspinatus
b. supraspinatus
c. teres minor
d. subscapularis
E. NONE OF THEM |
|
|
Term
In a 3rd degree shoulder separation the acromioclavicular ligament is torn.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
In a 3rd degree shoulder separation the acromioclavicular ligament is torn.
A. TRUE
b. false |
|
|
Term
You heard a story once about some poor idiot who stuck a knife into his patella. What did that knife likely puncture?
a. the deep infrapatellar bursa
b. the superficial infrapatellar bursa
c. the prepatellar bursa
d. the suprapatellar bursa
e. the subdeltoid bursa |
|
Definition
You heard a story once about some poor idiot who stuck a knife into his patella. What did that knife likely puncture?
a. the deep infrapatellar bursa
b. the superficial infrapatellar bursa
C. THE PREPATELLAR BURSA
d. the suprapatellar bursa
e. the subdeltoid bursa |
|
|
Term
Which of the following structures does not connect directly to the patella?
a. the quadriceps tendon
b. the patellar tendon/ligament
c. the lateral retinaculum
d. the lateral collateral ligament
e. they all connect directly to the patella |
|
Definition
Which of the following structures does not connect directly to the patella?
a. the quadriceps tendon
b. the patellar tendon/ligament
c. the lateral retinaculum
D. THE LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
e. they all connect directly to the patella |
|
|
