Term
| O, I, A, N: levator labii superioris |
|
Definition
O: zygomatic, lacrimal, and maxillary bones
I: Upper lip
A: raise upper lip
N: Facial N. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: maxilla and mandible
I: commissure of mouth
A: retract commissure, flatten cheeks
N: facial n. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: facial crest and zygomatic arch
I: ramus of mandible
: close mouth
N: mandibular div of V |
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|
Term
| O, I, A, N: occipitomandibularis |
|
Definition
O: jugular process of occipital bone
I: caudal border of mandible
A: open mouth
N: facial n. |
|
|
Term
| O, I, A, N: cricoarytenodeus dorsalis |
|
Definition
O: lamina of cricoid cartilage
I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
A: open glottis
N: recurrent laryngeal n. |
|
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Term
| O, I, A, N: cricoarytenoideus lateralis |
|
Definition
O: arch of cricoid cartilage
I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
A: close glottis
N: recurrent laryngeal n. |
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Term
| O, I, A, N: supraspinatus |
|
Definition
O: spine of scapula
I: gr and lesser tubercles of humerus
A: extend, stabilize shoulder
N: suprascapular n. |
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Term
| O, I, A, N: infraspinatus |
|
Definition
O: infraspinous fossa
I: gr tubercle of humerus
A: abduct arm, lat coll lig
N: suprascapular n. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity
A: flex shoulder and abduct arm
N: axillary n. |
|
|
Term
| O, I, A, N: subscapularis |
|
Definition
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: adduct humerus, stabilize shoulder
N: subscapular and axillary nn. |
|
|
Term
| O, I, A, N: biceps brachii |
|
Definition
O: supraglenoid tubercle
I: radial tuberosity, tendon of ext carpi radialis
A: flex elbow, extend shoulder and carpus
N: musculocutaneous n. |
|
|
Term
| O, I, A, N: triceps brachii long/lat/med |
|
Definition
O: caud/lat/med surface of humerus
I: olecranon
A: extend elbow and flex shoulder/ext elbow x2
N: radial n. |
|
|
Term
| O, I, A, N: extensor carpi radialis |
|
Definition
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: metacarpal tuberosity MC3
A: extend carpus, flex elbow
N: radial n. |
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Term
| O, I, A, N: ulnaris lateralis |
|
Definition
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: accessory carpal bone, C4 and MC4
A: flex carpus, extend elbow
N: radial n. |
|
|
Term
| O, I, A, N: common digital extensor |
|
Definition
O: lat epicondyle humerus, lateral radius/ulna
I: extensor process of P3
A: extend digit and carpus and flex elbow
N: radial n. |
|
|
Term
| O, I, A, N: flexor carpi radialis |
|
Definition
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: M2
A: flex carpus, extend elbow
N: median n. |
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|
Term
| O, I, A, N: superficial digital flexor |
|
Definition
O: medial epicondyle humerus, caudal radius
I: proximal P2 and distal P1
A: flex digit and carpus, extend elbow
N: ulnar n. |
|
|
Term
| O, I, A, N: deep digital flexor |
|
Definition
O: medial epicondyle humerus, olecranon, caudal radius
I: flexor surface of P3
A: flex digit and carpus, extend elbow
N: median and ulnar nn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: palmar P3, distal carpals
I: abaxial prox sesamoids, tendon of common digital extensor
A: support fetlock
N: palmar metacarpal n. |
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|
Term
| CNIII: efferent/afferent, foramen, structures, clinical |
|
Definition
oculomotor
efferent
orbital fissure
pregang para-ciliary gang-postgang-pupillary constrictor and ciliary body
all eye mm except dorsal oblique, lat rectus, retractor bulbi
pupilary dilation, lateroventral strabismus |
|
|
Term
| CNV: (opthalmic) efferent/afferent, foramen, structures, clinical |
|
Definition
V1
somatic afferent
orbital fissure
skin of face via lacrimal, frontal, infratrochlear (med canthus)
corneal reflex, check depth anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| CNV: (maxillary) efferent/afferent, foramen, structures, clinical |
|
Definition
V2
somatic afferent
round foramen
skin of face:
infraorbital: upper lip, nostril
zygomatic: lower eyelid, lat canthus, horn via
cornual
nasal cavity: caudal and internal nasal n.
chewing: superior alveolar, palatine (hard palate)
clinical: analgesia to muzzle (infraorbital), lat canthus, teeth, palpebral reflex |
|
|
Term
| CNV: (mandibular) efferent/afferent, foramen, structures, clinical |
|
Definition
V3
to skeletal m
oval notch of foramen lacerum
chewing afferents:
lingual: rostral 2/3 tongue
inferior alveolar n: lower teeth via mental
buccal n: cheek mucosa
chewing efferent
m that close jaws, rostral bell digastricus,
mylohyoideus
skin of face: mental: lower jaw, auriculotemporal
clinical: atrophy masseter and temporalis (jawdrop if bilateral, cant eat) |
|
|
Term
| CNVII:efferent/afferent, foramen, structures, clinical |
|
Definition
mixed
stylomastoid foramen
motor to facial mm
dorsal/ventral buccal
auriculopalpebral: ear m. and orbicularis oculi
caudal auricular
salivary reflexes
chorda tympani n: taste to rostral 2/3
mandibular and sublingual salivary gl
parasymp to lacrimal gl
internal auricular n
motor to open jaw: caudal belly digastricus, occipitomandibularis
clinical: yellow star thistle (open jaw mm), lip drop, ear drop, muzzle deviated, cant flare nostril, ptosis upper eyelid |
|
|
Term
| CNIX: efferent/afferent, structures, clinical |
|
Definition
glossopharyngeal
mixed afferent
pharyngeal br to pharynx: swallow and gag
cranial largyngeal n: sensory to larynx (cough/choke)
sesory to esophagus/upper GI (vomition, regurg, rumination)
sensory to receptors in heart and aorta
efferent to pharyngeal mm (recurrent laryngeal, hemiplasia)
clinical: roaring, dysphagia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cut tendon of extensor carpi radialis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how birds stand on one leg |
|
Definition
femur has trochanter
ilium has antitrohanter |
|
|
Term
| sciatic foramen in bird location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| only vert moveable in bird thorax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fused T7, LS1-14, Cd1, fused to pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pectoral girdle, what does it surround? |
|
Definition
| coracoid, scapula, clavicle surround foramen triosseum (where tendon of deep pecs pass) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bird antebrachium, what bone is bigger? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| things necessary for flight |
|
Definition
| triceps, ext carpi radialis, radial n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| repulsion of upper and lower cheek teeth risks |
|
Definition
| transverse facial a/v, deep facial v, buccal v |
|
|
Term
| vessel that runs through parotid salivary gl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle tetanized by yellow star thistle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerves lat and med to ext carotid |
|
Definition
lat: hypoglossal
med: glossopharyngeal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strep infection of med and at retropharyngeal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| opening bw frontal sinus and caudal maxillary sinus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses communicate? |
|
Definition
| not directly, via nasomaxillary apertaure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vocal folds, vocal processes of arytenoid |
|
|
Term
| where is the laryngeal saccule? |
|
Definition
| bw ventricularis and vocalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cranial laryngeal (only one) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aryepiglottic fold envelopes epiglottis |
|
|
Term
| flow of lacrimal secretions |
|
Definition
| lacrimal gl-lacrimal puncta-lacrimal sac-nasolacrimal duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deciduous: 3i, 3p, 24 tot
perm: 3i, 1k, 3p, 3m, 40 tot
wolf (extra premolar) |
|
|
Term
| horse tooth cup is, forms from? |
|
Definition
| invagination of enamel, forms infindibulum which fills with cement and stains black |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| components of brachial plexus |
|
Definition
| ventral primary br of C6-T2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dmg to suprascapular n, atrophy of supra and infraspinatus |
|
|
Term
| nerve following deep brachial a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| collateral ulnar a runs with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| axillary n supplies muscles that |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral recumbency pinches off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical sign of radial n damage |
|
Definition
| knuckled over foot, toe dragging |
|
|
Term
| anastomoses in front limb |
|
Definition
| lat palmar n and palmar br of ulnar n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| run though flexor retinaculum |
|
|
Term
| lig of ergot attaches ergot to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the comm br in the forelimb is bw |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major blood supply to hindlimb and forelimb |
|
Definition
hind: dorsal metatarsal a
fore: medial palmar a |
|
|
Term
lateral collateral lig of forelimb
cranial support
medial coll lig |
|
Definition
tendon of infraspinatus
biceps
tendon of subscapularis |
|
|
Term
| intertubercular bursa comm with shoulder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is elbow flexion more diff than ext |
|
Definition
| coll ligs placed caudal to axis of rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| palmar carpal lig gives rise to |
|
Definition
| acc lig of deep dig flexor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
coronary dermis
laminar dermis
dermis of frog
dermis of sole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| straight sesmoidean lig inserts on |
|
Definition
| complementary fibrocartilage of P2 |
|
|
Term
| oblique sesmoidean lig inserts on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| navicular bone suspended by |
|
Definition
| collateral navicular lig and distal navicular lig |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
P1=long pastern
P2=short pastern
P3=coffin
Foot=carpus and hoof |
|
|
Term
| nerves that need anesthesia for optho exam |
|
Definition
frontal/supraorbital - upper eyelid sens
palpebral br of auriculopalpebral - orb oculi,levator anguli oculi medialis
lacrimal
infratrochlear
zygomaticofacial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supraorbital forament blocks
frontal (sense upper eyelid)
auriculopalpebral (orb oculi, levator) |
|
|
Term
| nerve block laceration repair upper lip |
|
Definition
infraorbital n
infrrorbital foramen deep to levator labii m. and cranial to rostral facial crest |
|
|
Term
| block maxillary n, for what |
|
Definition
in pterygopalatine fossa at entry to infraorbital canal
2.5cm ventral to lateral canthus of eye, directed medially and rostrodorsally 6.5-7.5cm deep
upper dentition for dental procedures |
|
|
Term
| mandibuloalveolar/inferior alveolar n block, for what |
|
Definition
sens to lower jaw, for dental
mandibular foramen on media surface of mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mental foramen bw canine and 1st large cheek teeth
sensation to lower lip and chin |
|
|
Term
| palpebral br of auriculopalpebral block |
|
Definition
orbicularis oculi, leavator anguli oculi medialis
base of ear at ventral temporal portion of zygomatic arch |
|
|
Term
| tarsorrhapy requires blocks of |
|
Definition
| zygomaticofacial and frontal |
|
|
Term
| nerve to cornea/conjunctiva |
|
Definition
| nasociliary br of optho of V |
|
|
Term
| blocks for dehorning, arteries |
|
Definition
cornual n: temporal region and horn
term br of zygomaticotemporal
inj ventral to temporal line bw eye and horn
infratrochlear: subq at medial canthus of eye (common in goat)
dorsal and ventral br of cornual aa on lateral side, branches of superior temporal a. |
|
|
Term
| cause of sinus infection after dehorning |
|
Definition
| cornual diverticulum of caudal frontal sinus (6mo) |
|
|
Term
| trephination of frontal sinus (bovine), what vessels to watch out for |
|
Definition
caudal treph caudal to line from middle of orbit to base of opp horn
rostral bw 2 lines perp to long axis of head, through middle of orbit, through supraorbital foramen
frontal v enters supraorbital foramen |
|
|
Term
| trephination bovine maxillary sinus, limits of sinus |
|
Definition
dorsal limit: line from medial cantus to infraorbital foramen
vetral limit: facial tuberosity to lacrimal bulla
dorsocaudal to facial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| rostral maxillary sinus comm with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caudal maxillary sinus comm with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treph of rostral maxillary sinus, limits, avoid |
|
Definition
rostral limit: line from rostral facial crest
treph caudal to rostral facial crest ventral to line from med canthus to nostril and dorsal to facial crest
avoid nasolacrimal duct dorsally
dorsal buccal n ventrally
transverse facial vessels and deep facial n ventral |
|
|
Term
| treph of caud maxillary sinus, what its for, avoid |
|
Definition
dorsal to facial crest and rostroventral to medial canthus of eye
for repelling teeth in young horses
avoid nasolacrimal duct dorsally, dorsal buccal n ventrally |
|
|
Term
| locatio of 3rd/4th cheek teeth, 5th/6th |
|
Definition
3/4 rostral max sinus
5/6 caud max sinus |
|
|
Term
| frontal sinus comm with, treph, access to |
|
Definition
comm with dorsal conchal sinus, caud max sinus
treph bw med canthus and dorsal midline
access root of 6th upper cheek tooth through frontomaxillary aperature |
|
|
Term
| sphenopalatine sinus near to |
|
Definition
optic canals, major palatine canal so must limit inflammation
inaccessible, infection rare, limit by draining caud max sinus |
|
|
Term
| guttaral pouch sx reasons |
|
Definition
resp infection
chondroid bodies
epistaxis due to perforated internal carotid or maxillary v |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tendon of sternoceph dorsally
linguofacial ventrally
mandible cranially |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
excise largyngeal saccule
midline incision on ventral neck, cricothyroid membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ventral and parallel to jugular v from rostral larynx to tracheal ring 2
retract omohyoid
elastic structure sutured to cricoid and muscular process |
|
|
Term
| antebrachial m that doesnt have a synovial sheat |
|
Definition
| flexor carpi ulnaris bc inserts on acessory carpal bone |
|
|
Term
| rostral caudal order of vessels in limb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| palmar digital nerve block, whats desens, to ID |
|
Definition
bilateral inj bw fetlock and coronet, dorsal to flexor tendons, distal to lig of ergot
desens: palmar hoof, digital cushion, palmar coffin and pastern joints, distal DDF tendon, navicular bursa
used to ID caudal heel syndrome |
|
|
Term
| palmar digital and dorsal branch nerve block: where, whats desens |
|
Definition
extensor slip of suspensory lig to block dorsal br
desens hoof, coffin jt, palmar pastern jt |
|
|
Term
| abaxial block for digital and dorsal br |
|
Definition
more proximmaly at sesamoids
desens entire pastern jt, palmar pouch fetlock jt |
|
|
Term
| distal metacarpal/low volar block |
|
Definition
in groove bw suspensory lig and flexor tendons at level of buttons (medial and lateral palmar n for fetlock jt)
immediately distal to buttons for palmar metacarpal n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
at buttons block dorsal br of ulnar and med cut antebrachial
desens everything below buttons |
|
|
Term
| proximal metacarpal/high volar |
|
Definition
palmar n: in bw flexor tendons and sus lig slightly distal to carpus
palmar metacarpal: axial to splint bones at same lvl
dorsal br ulnar and med cut antebrachial: ring block
desens everything distal to carpus
limited diag value |
|
|
Term
| synovial inj of thoracic limb |
|
Definition
coffin: 1cm prox to coronet at lat border of common ext tendon
fetlock: prox palmar pouch bw sus lig and m3 slightly prox to sesmoid bones
carpal: distal dimple med or lat to tendon of ext carpi radialis for midcarpal sac
navicular bursa: digital fossa at palmar midlineparallel to sole (pases thru DDF tendon) |
|
|
Term
| synovial inj of hock, watch for, clin corr, what happens if done on other side |
|
Definition
sac bw tibia and tallus
bog spavin: fluid distention
inj med to tendon of tibialis cranialis and peroneus tertius at lvl of med malleolus
cran br of medial saphenous v here
cunean tendon resected to relieve pressure in bog spavin
hit dranial tibial a if try from lateral side |
|
|
Term
| proximal intertarsal jt sac inj, loc, comm with |
|
Definition
| bw tallus and calcaneus proximally and central and t4 distally, comm with tibiotarsal sac |
|
|
Term
| distal intertarsal joint sac, hit what on other side |
|
Definition
bw tc and t3 distally, t1/2 caudally
inj at jxn of tc,t3,t1/2 on med aspect hock dorsal to sunean tendon
hit perforating tarsal on lat side |
|
|
Term
| tarsometatarsal joint inj |
|
Definition
| lateroplantar aspect of hock bw t4 and m4 in a depression slightly prox to the head of m4 |
|
|
