Term
| What anatomical line traverses the iliac crests and crosses the intervertebral disc of L4/L5? What is its clinical significance? |
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Definition
1.) supracristal line
2.) landmark for lumbar puncture (needle in subarachnoid space) |
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Term
What are the nerve supplies and main actions of gluteus maximus?
And for gluteus medius & minimus? |
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Definition
1.) Gluteus maximus inserts on IT band, gluteal tuberosity of femur, and sacrotuberous ligament. Nerve supply is by inferior gluteal bundle. Actions include extension and lateral rotation of thigh, which occurs most between flexed and standing positions.
2.) Gluteus medius and minumus are innervated by superior gluteal bundle. Both abduct the thigh and medially rotate it. They prevent sagging of the unsupported side of pelvis during walking. (Note: Trendelenberg test is used to diagnose lesion to superior gluteal nerve. Patient stands with one foot up/unsuported to see if the unsupported side drops. If it does, supported side has lesion.) |
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Term
| What are the deep muscles of the gluteal region? Which of these muscles form the triceps coxae? |
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Definition
1.) piriformis, obturator internus and externus, superior and inferior gemelli, and quadratus femoris.
2.) obturator internus, gemellus superior, & gemullus inferior. |
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Term
| What is the action of and innervation to the obturator internus muscle? |
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Definition
| It laterally rotates & extends thigh and is innervated by nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1) |
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Term
| What spinal nerves do the superior clunial nerve and middle clunial nerve arise from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fill in the Blank: The sciatic nerve arises from ventral rami of ______ and runs through the ______foramen. It courses between the ________ _______ & ________ tuberosity. It is superficial to _______ and ________ ________ muscle, but is deep to the ________ muscle. It receives its own arterial supply from the _____ ______ artery. |
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Definition
| The sciatic nerve arises from ventral rami of L4-S3 and runs through the sciatic foramen. It courses between the greater trochanter & ischial tuberosity. It is superficial to obterator internus and quadratus femoris muscles, but is deep to the piriformis muscle. It receives its own arterial supply from the inferior gluteal artery. |
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Term
| For the following nerves, list where they arise from and what they innervate: posterior femoral cutaneous, superior gluteal nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris, pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus. |
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Definition
1.) posterior femoral cutaneous arises from S1-S3 & innervates perineum and skin of posterior thigh.
2.) superior gluteal nerve arises from posterior divisions of VR of L4-S1 & innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata.
3.) inferior gluteal nerve arises from posterior divisions of VR of L5-S2 & innervates gluteus maximus.
4.) nerve to quadratus femoris arises from anterior division of VR of L4-S1 & innervates inferior gemellusm quadratus femoris, & hip joint (articular branch).
5.) pudendal nerve arises from anterior division of VR of S2-S4 & innervates perineum, rectum, & external genitalia.
6.) nerve to obturator internus arises via anterior divisions of VR of L5-S2 & innervates superior gemellus and obturator internus. |
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Term
| Superior gluteal artery and inferior gluteal artery supply which gluteal muscles and participate in which anastamoses? |
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Definition
Superior gluteal artery supplies gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus. It participates in an anastamoses with the inferior gluteal & circumflex femoral arteries.
Inferior gluteal artery supplies gluteus maximus & participates in the cruciate anastamoses of the thigh (1st perforating arteries of profunda femoris and medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries). |
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Term
| Which bone is likely to contribute most to the stride and gate of an individual? |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscles attach to linea aspera & where specifically do they attach? What muscle attaches to anterior & lateral surfaces of femoral body? |
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Definition
1.) Origins: Vastus lateralis is attached to lateral lip, vastus medialis is attached to medial lip.
Insertions: Adductor longus atached to middle 1/3 of linea aspera, adductor brevis to proximal part, and adductor magnus to entire linea aspera.
2.) vastus intermedius |
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Term
| What tethers the femoral head of the femur to the acetabulum? |
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Definition
| round ligament of the femur |
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Term
| What is the range and mean for the angle of the head and neck of the femur? What affects this angle? |
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Definition
1.) 115-140 degrees is normal with 126 degrees being the mean.
2.) Varies with age, gender, and development of the femur (congenital defect) |
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Term
| Which cutaneous vessels are contained within superficial fascia of the thigh? |
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Definition
| great and small saphenous tributaries |
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Term
| Fill in the blank: The iliotibial tract extends from the _______ tubercle to ________ tubercle. Which fascia is continuous with crural fascia? |
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Definition
1.) From iliac tubercle to Gerdy's tubercle (lateral condyle of the tibia)
2.) fascia lata |
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Term
| What muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the leg and what nerve primarely innervates it? |
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Definition
| There are deep, superficial, & quadricep muscles of the anterior compartment. Pectineus (adducts & flexes thigh, assists in medial rotatin) & iliopsoas (main flexor of thigh) are deep muscles. Tensor fascia lata (flexes & medially rotates thigh) and sartorius (flexes thigh and leg) are superficial muscles. Rectus femoris (extends leg & flexes thigh), vastus lateralis (extends leg), vastus medialis (extends leg & draws patella medially), and vastus intermedius (extends leg) make up the quadriceps femoris. The anterior cmpartment is primaily inervated by the femoral nerve. |
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Term
| What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh and what nerve primarily innervates it? |
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Definition
| The posterior compartment of the thigh consist of the hamstring muscles: beceps femoris (flexes & laterally rotates leg; extends thigh when knee is flexed), semitendinosus (flexes and medially rotates leg; extends thigh), and semimembranosus (flexes & medially rotates let; extends thigh). The posterior compartment is primarily innervated by the sciatic nerve (tibial head gets semitendinosus, semimembranosus and long head of biceps femoris, but short head gets tibial division of sciatic nerve. |
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Term
| What muscles are contained in the medial compartment of the leg and what nerve primarely innervates it? |
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Definition
| Adductor longus (adducts), adductor brevis (adducts), adductor magnus (adducts), gracilis (adducts thigh; flexes knee; medially rotates leg), and obturator externus (laterally rotates thigh) are the muscles of the medial compartment. They are primarily innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4) with exceptions (pectineus by femoral and hamstring part of adductor magnus by tibial branch of sciatic). |
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Term
| Which muscle adducts thigh, though it is contained in the anterior compartment of the thigh? Which muscle adducts, though it is innervated by sciatic? Which muscle is the kicking muscle? Which muscle crosses two joints? |
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Definition
1.) pectineus
2.) adductor magnus (hamstring part)
3.) rectus femoris
4.) sartorius |
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Term
| What goes into and out of the adductor hiatus? What goes into the anteromedial intermuscular septum? |
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Definition
1.) femoral vessels, nerve to vastus medialis, descending genicular artery, and saphenous nerve enter canal. The descending genicular artery and saphenous nerve do not leave canal.
2.) The saphenous artery and nerve usually pass through the anteromedial intermuscular septum & not adductor hiatus. I surmise the saphenous nerve can either go through the hiatus or go through the intermuscular septum, but that it normally is found in the latter. |
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Term
| When can the femoral triangle be clearly seen? What are its contents? Which of these contents are not in the femoral sheath? |
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Definition
1.) When the leg is flexed, abducted, & externally rotated (FABER).
2.) Contains femoral artery, vein, and nerve.
3.) femoral nerve |
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Term
| A person gets stabbed 3 cm below the level of the inguinal ligament, what is most likely lacerated? What is most likely lacerated just below the midpoint of the inguinal ligament? |
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Definition
1.) greater saphenous vein
2.) either femoral artery or vein |
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Term
| What do the following innervate: femoral nerve, obturator nerve, sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, superificial fibular nerve, & deep fibular nerve. |
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Definition
| anterior thigh; medial thigh; posterior thigh; posterior leg and plantar of foot; trick question--nothing; fibularis longus and brevis; anterior leg and dorsum of foot. |
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Term
| What runs medial to the psoas major, between the femoral and obturator, over the superior ramus of the pubis, and innervates the pectineus? |
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Definition
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Term
| When testing from the midline to the lateral side, above the front of the knee, what are you testing for? |
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Definition
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Term
| When testing from the medial to the lateral side, below the front of the knee in the middle of the lower leg, what are you testing for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerve do you test for when performing a knee jerk and ankle jerk relex respecitively? |
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Definition
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