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| In which follicular stage does the zona pellucida appear? |
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| how many layers make up the placental barrier |
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| proteins that stimulate maturation processes that confer the immature, nearly immotile sperm the ability to swim |
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| seminal vesicle secretes... |
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Definition
| a viscous fluid that contains fructose and other nutrients, prostaglandins, enzymes that enhance sperm motility, and substances that suppress the immune response against semen in the female reproductive tract |
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Definition
| a milky fluid that contains various substances that enhance sperm motility and enzymes that clot and then liquefy ejaculated semen |
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| bulbourethral gland secretes... |
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Definition
| a mucus that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra and lubricates it to smooth the passage of semen during ejaculation |
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| sustentocytes sustentacular cells |
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Definition
| secrete androgen-binding protein |
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| The ovarian cortex houses the developing gametes, which are called __________ while in the ovary. |
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| large fold of peritoneum that hangs, like a tent, from the uterus and the uterine tubes |
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| ateral structure that attaches the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall |
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| distinct fibrous band that medially anchors the ovary to the uterus |
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| fibrous capsule of the ovary |
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Term
| phase of the ovarian or uterine cycle: follicular phase (proliferative phase) |
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Definition
| luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signal structures to secrete increasing amounts of estrogens into the blood |
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Term
| phase of the ovarian or uterine cycle: luteal phase (secratory phase) |
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Definition
| high levels of progesterone inhibit secretion of LH and FSH by the pituitary gland |
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| phase of the ovarian or uterine cycle: ovulatory phase |
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Definition
| characterized by a surge of LH from the pituitary gland |
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| phase of the ovarian or uterine cycle: secretory phase |
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Definition
| rising levels of progesterone act on the estrogen-primed endometrium, causing the spiral arteries to elongate and coil more tightly |
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| What layer of the uterine sheds during menstruation? |
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| Testicular vessels and nerves extend to the testis from which level on the posterior abdominal wall? |
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| Sperm leaving the seminiferous tubules travel sequentially through the straight tubules and then the |
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Definition
| congenital condition in which one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum |
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| congenital abnormality of the male urethra, resulting from failure of the two urethral folds to fuse completely |
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| a scrotal swelling caused by excessive accumulation of fluid in the cavity of the tunica vaginalis |
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| abnormality of the pampiniform plexus that disrupts venous return from the testicles |
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| In which childbirth stage does the baby's head enter the true pelvis? |
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| a primary oocyte surrounded by flat follicular cells |
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| the zona pellucida and theca folliculi form around a larger oocyte, which is surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells |
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Definition
| a fluid-filled antrum appears within the follicle |
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Definition
| a huge antrum isolates the oocyte in this full-sized follicle, which is surrounded by a corona radiata of granulose cells |
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Term
| During the process of spermatogenesis |
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Definition
four spermatids are produced from one diploid (2n) primary spermatocyte.
some diploid (2n) spermatogonia remain in the basal lamina. |
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Term
| The secretion of the seminal vesicles makes up about ______ of the volume of semen, and the secretion contains ______. |
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Definition
| 60% / fructose, prostaglandins, and substances that enhance sperm motility. |
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Term
| Beginning after the seminiferous tubules and ending with the external urethral orifice, sperm pass through the male reproductive tract in what order? |
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Definition
| Straight tubule; rete testis; efferent ductule; duct of the epididymis; ductus deferens; ampulla of ductus deferens; ejaculatory duct; prostatic urethra; membranous urethra; spongy urethra. |
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Definition
| layer of smooth muscle in the superficial fascia of the scrotum that acts to wrinkle the scrotal skin. |
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Term
| Testicular veins arise from a venous network in the scrotum called the __________ plexus. |
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Definition
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| The luminal surface of the epithelium in the duct of the epididymis bears long microvilli called |
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Definition
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| The journey through the epididymis takes sperm about ______, and by the end of that process, ______. |
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Definition
| 20 days / they can swim and fertilize an egg through the acrosomal reaction. |
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Definition
| prevents escape of membrane antigens of differentiating sperm through the basal lamina and into the blood, where they would activate the immune system. |
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| Circumcision of male babies involves removal of the |
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Definition
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Definition
| secreted by the seminal vesicles stimulate contraction of the uterus and help propel sperm through the male reproductive tract. |
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Definition
| stimulates the growth and activity of female sex organs and also helps repair the uterine lining after each menstrual period. |
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Definition
| process in which spermatids differentiate into sperm |
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| Dorsally located bodies of erectile tissue that make up most of the mass of the penis. |
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Definition
| Midventral erectile body that surrounds the spongy urethra. |
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Definition
| Event that is under sympathetic control. |
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| Event that is under parasympathetic control. |
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| Enlarged distal end of the corpus spongiosum. |
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Definition
| Proximal ends of the corpora cavernosa; anchored to the pubic arch of the bony pelvis. |
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Term
| Which event is the primary signal for ovulation to occur? |
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Definition
| A surge of luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. |
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Term
| The phases of the uterine cycle are |
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Definition
| Menstrual phase (days 1-5); proliferative phase (days 6-14); secretory phase (days 15-28). |
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Term
| The presence of ______ in the urine of a pregnant woman is the basis of most home pregnancy kits. |
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Definition
| human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) |
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Term
| A cancer that is often caused by a virus is ______. |
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Definition
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| During the late dilation stage of labor, ______. |
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Definition
| the baby's head rotates so that its greatest dimension is in the anteroposterior pelvic axis. |
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Definition
| Consists of remaining granulosa and theca cells; secretes estrogen and progesterone. |
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Definition
| Contains a secondary oocyte. |
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Definition
| Connective tissue layer that condenses around a primary follicle; outer layer cells resemble smooth muscle cells and inner layer secretes hormones. |
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Definition
| A glycoprotein layer that a sperm must ultimately penetrate to fertilize the oocyte. |
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Definition
| Present before birth; all subsequent follicle stages arise from these structures. |
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Definition
| Days 1-14 of the ovarian cycle |
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| The __________ of the uterine tube is the usual site of fertilization. |
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Definition
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| The __________ is the muscular layer of the uterus that contracts during childbirth to expel the baby from the mother's body. |
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Definition
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Definition
| granules in the oocyte secrete enzymes that prevent any other sperm from binding to and entering the egg. |
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Definition
| Rounded region of the uterus, superior to the entry of the uterine tubes. |
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| Largest division of the broad ligament. |
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Definition
| undergoes cyclical changes in response to varying levels of hormones in the blood; is shed during menstruation. |
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Definition
| Contains uterine glands that change in length as the endometrium thins and thickens. |
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Definition
| Contains glands that secrete mucus, which can block bacteria from vagina or block entry of sperm. |
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Definition
| Bind the uterus to the anterior body wall. |
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Term
| A female embryo has __________ ducts that will eventually become most of the female duct system. |
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Definition
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Term
| The syncytiotrophoblast secretes which of the following substances at some point during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| An enzyme that turns off the mother's T lymphocytes, which prevents her immune system from rejecting the fetus. |
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| Dr. Frisch argues that the most important organ for reproduction is: |
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