Term
| how many cartilages make up the framework of the larynx |
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| The pulmonary arteries branch along with the bronchial tree, generally lying _____ to the corresponding bronchi. |
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| air passageway; prevents food from entering the lower respiratory tract |
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Definition
| air passageway; filters, warms, and moistens incoming air |
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Definition
| passageway for air and food |
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Definition
| produces mucus; filters, warms, and moistens incoming air; resonance chambers for speech |
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Term
| The lateral border of the nostril, the ala, is formed from what type of tissue? |
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Definition
| dense fibrous connective tissue |
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Definition
| the diaphragm and intercostal muscles increase thoracic volume, resulting in a decrease in pressure in the pleural cavity and in the lungs |
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Definition
| the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and simultaneously decrease the volumes of the thorax and lungs, resulting in increased pressure within the lungs |
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Definition
| exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air sacs |
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Definition
| exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and tissue cells |
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Definition
| type of allergic inflammation in people who are hypersensitive to irritants in the air, or to stress |
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Definition
| inherited disease in which the functions of exocrine glands are disrupted throughout the body |
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Term
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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Definition
| condition in which the flow of air into and out of the lungs is difficult |
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Definition
| condition in which inhaled irritants lead to a prolonged secretion of excess mucosa of the lower respiratory passages, and to inflammation and fibrosis of this mucosa |
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Definition
| active process, produced by contraction of muscles in the abdominal wall, primarily the oblique and transversus abdominis muscles. |
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Definition
| lymphoid organ that provides the middle ear some protection against infections that may spread from the pharynx. |
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Definition
| mucosal-lined hollow cavity, which functions in lightening the skull |
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Definition
| its walls contain a complete layer of smooth muscle; constriction of this muscle impedes expiration |
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Definition
| its walls of simple squamous epithelium are underlain by a thin basement membrane |
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Definition
| its stroma is fibrous elastic connective tissue, allowing passive recoil during expiration |
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Definition
| brain's most important respiratory center |
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Definition
| thickened plate of ectoderm, which appears on each side of the future face by fetal week 4 |
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Definition
| tubular outpocketing off the pharyngeal foregut from which lower respiratory organs develop |
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Definition
| forms the nasal cavity, including the olfactory epithelium in its roof |
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Term
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Definition
| gives rise to all other layers of the tracheal and bronchial walls (cartilage, smooth muscle, and all connective tissues) |
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Term
| Within what respiratory structure does the epithelium change from stratified squamous to pseudostratified ciliated columnar? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure is the last structure of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| Central chemoreceptors are located in the |
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Definition
| reticular formation of the medulla oblongata |
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Definition
| a slippery substance secreted in the lungs that reduces surface tension and prevents collapse of the alveoli. |
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Definition
| cartilaginous flap that prevents food or liquid from going into the lungs |
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Definition
| lifts superiorly while swallowing to close off the nasopharynx. |
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Definition
| The smallest subdivision of the lung that can be seen with the unaided eye |
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Definition
| the main sites of gas exchange. |
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Definition
| cartilage just superior to the cricoid cartilage, anchor the vocal folds. |
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Definition
| Respond to inhaled antigens; located in nasopharynx and oropharynx. |
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Definition
| Air passageway; prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract; involved in voice production. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalize the thoracic cavity. |
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Definition
| Air passageway; continuous with the nasal cavity through the posterior nasal apertures; epithelium is pseudostratified ciliated columnar. |
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Definition
| Branch from the trachea at the level of T7 in living individuals; run obliquely through the mediastinum. |
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Definition
| The medial opening between the right and left vocal folds |
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Definition
| Remove tiny inhaled particles from the lungs |
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Definition
| Collapse of a lung from airway obstruction or pleural effusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral-induced inflammation that causes the air passageways to narrow; characterized by a cough that sounds like a barking dog. |
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Term
| Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (SARS) |
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Definition
| Respiratory infection caused by a new coronavirus; infections jumped from animal hosts to humans; identified in spring 2003. |
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Definition
| Characterized by permanent enlargement of the alveoli caused by deterioration of the alveolar walls; related to smoking. |
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Term
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Definition
| indentation on the mediastinal surface of each lung |
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Term
| The proximal part of the laryngotracheal bud forms the |
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Definition
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Term
| Premature infants born before 26 weeks of gestation are severely threatened by respiratory distress syndrome resulting from inadequate production of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The smooth muscle along the posterior surface of the trachea |
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Term
| Which of the following changes that occurs along the airway from the trachea to the bronchioles is the most important for regulating the amount of air entering the alveoli? |
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Definition
| Smooth muscle forms helical bands that wrap around smaller bronchi and bronchioles. |
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Term
| What are the roles of the peripheral chemoreceptors of the respiratory system |
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Definition
They signal the respiratory center to increase the rate and depth of breathing when the blood is too acidic.
They sense falling concentrations of O2 or rising levels of CO2 . |
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Term
| What is the function of type II cells in the alveolar walls |
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Definition
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Term
| In blowing out a candle, which respiratory muscles would you be using |
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Definition
| Primarily external and internal oblique muscles and the transversus abdominis |
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Term
| As inspiratory muscles relax, the diaphragm moves superiorly. Simultaneously, what other event occurs? |
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Definition
| Volumes of the thorax and lungs decrease, which increases pressure and pushes the air out. |
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