Manubrium (suprasternal/jugular notch on top) - articulates with clavicle and first rib

Body  - joint between manubrium and body forms the sternal angle (landmark for rib 2 and aortic arch)

Xiphoid - cartilaginous in young people

External - elevate ribs

Internal - depress ribs

Intercostal vein, artery and nerve run in the groove on inferior surface of rib

Intercostal nerves - ventral primary rami of T1-T12

 Aorta --> posterior intercostal arteries

Subclavian --> internal thoracic --> anterior intercostal arteries

Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries anastomose (useful when have coarctation of aorta)

Note: internal thoracic arteries continue into the abdomen as superior epigastric arteries

The nerves that innervate parietal pleura.

Phrenic nerve (C3,C4,C5) - diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura.

Intercostal nerves - costal pleura

Left lung - divided into superior and inferior lobes by the oblique fissue. It also has a cardiac notch for the heart and lingula (a flap that corresponds to the middle lobe)

Right lung - divided into superior, middle and inferior lobes by a horizontal and oblique fissures. 

Note: inferior lobe is mostly on the posterior surface

Right - artery anterior to the bronchus

Left - artery superior to the bronchus

Fibrous - outermost

Serous - parietal on inner side of fibrous and visceral on the surface of the heart

Receives SVC and IVC and coronary sinus

Auricle

Fossa ovalis in the atrial septum

Crista terminalis - between atrium and auricle

SA node - near junction with the SVC

Pectinate muscles

Tricuspid valve leads into right ventricle

Receives blood from pulmonary veins

Forms most of the base of the heart

Smooth surface (no pectinate muscles)

Bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle

Forms most of anterior surface and inferior border of the heart

Conus arteriosus - smooth part leading into pulmonary trunk

Tricuspid valve - 2 cusps; papillary muscles that tighten the chordae tendineae (link papillary muscles to tricuspid valve, preventing valve inversion and regurgitation during ventricular contraction)

Pulmonary valve - 3 cusps

Trabeculae carnae - bundles of muscles

Septomarginar band / moderatorband -prevents overextension and is a part of the electical conduction system of the heart

Thicker than right ventricle

Forms the apex of the heart

Mitral valve - bicuspid

Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

trabeculae carneae

 Aortic valve - semilunar (3 cusps)

No moderator band

PV - left 2nd ICS

Aortic - right 2nd ICS

Mitral - apex (lateral 5th ISC)

Tricuspid - lower left sternal border (5th ISC)

From right aortic sinus to the back of the heart where it gives off posterior interventricular artery (anastosomoses with LAD from left coronary)

Gives off a branch to SA node

Gives off right marginal branch

Usually supplies AV node as well

From left aortic sinus- very short

Gives off circumflex branch

Gives off LAD (left anterior descending a.k.a. anterior interventricular artery that anastomoses with the posterior interventricular artery

Coronary sinus - in posterior part of coronary groove; empties into the right atrium

Great cardiac vein - runs along with LAD

Middle cardiac vein - runs along with posterior interventricular artery

Small cardiac vein - runs along with marginal branch of right coronary artery

From anterior to posterior:

Thymus ->brachiocephalic veins (IJV + subclavian) -> SVC -> Aortic arch -> pulmonary artery -> vagus nerve (inclusing recurrent laryngeal nerves -> phrenic nerve -> trachea -> esophagus

1/3 of distance between ASIS and umbilicus

Tenderness here = appendicitis

Formed by aponeuroses of external oblique, internal oblique and transverus abdominis

Above arcuate line, 1/2 of internal oblique aponeurosis and aponeurosis of transversus abdominis pass below recus abdominis; below arcuate line only transversalis fascia is below rectus abdominis

Superficial epigastric - from femoral artery

Superior epigastric - from internal thoracic artery

Inferior epigastric - from external iliac artery

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose

Opening in the transversalis fascia

Inferior epigastric artery lies at its medial border

Genitofemoral n,

Ilioinguinal n,

pudendal n.

Comes through superficial inguinal ring, medial to the pulse of inferior epigastric artery

Protrudes through abdominal wall through inguinal triangle