Term
patellofemoral joint
-what are the articulating surfaces? |
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Definition
| posterior articulating surface of the patella and patellar surface of the femur |
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Term
knee joint
-what kind of joint
-name the articulations |
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Definition
-composite joint, "HINGE"
-2 femorotibial articulations and a femoropatellar articulation |
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Term
| stability of the knee relies on |
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Definition
-muscles, esepecially quadriceps femoris
-ligaments of femur & tibia |
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Term
| bursae on the convex surface of the patella |
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Definition
-subcutaneous pre-patellar bursae
-infra patellar bursae |
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Term
| 4 bursae that communicate with the articular cavity of the knee |
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Definition
-suprapatellar bursa*( deep to distal quadriceps)
-popliteus bursa
-anserine bursa
-gastrocnemius bursa. |
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Term
articularis genu
-where located?
-function |
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Definition
-deep to vastus intermedius
-retracts suprapatellar bursa during kne extention |
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Term
housemaid's knee
-aka
-cause?
-manifestation |
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Definition
-prepatellar bursitis
-caused by friction between skin and patella
-distended bursa may form a swollen anterior knee |
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Term
fibrous layer of the knee joint capsule
-superiorly, posteriorly, superiorly, anteriorly |
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Definition
superiorly: attaches to the femur
posteriorly: encloses the condyles and intercondylar fossa, with opening for the POLITEUS tendon
-inferiorly: attaches to the articular surface of tibia
-anteriorly: continuous with the quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament |
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Term
internal synovial membrane of the knee
-attaches to |
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Definition
-all internal aspects of the fibrous capsule
-periphery of the patella
-edges of the menisci |
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Term
| ligaments reinforcing the capsule of the knee joint |
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Definition
-4 intrinsic ligaments:collateral, cruciate, popliteal & patellar
-1 extra capsular ligament: fibular collateral ligament |
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Term
medial and lateral retinicula to the patella
-what are they?
-where do they come from?
-what do they do? |
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Definition
-aponeurotic expansions from vastus medialis and lateralis
-attach to the patellar ligament
-maintain alignment of the patella |
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Term
medial collateral ligament of the knee
-where is it?
-what does it protect against? |
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Definition
-on tibia side
-prevents knee abduction
-from the medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia, with some deep fibers attached to the medial meniscus |
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Term
lateral collateral ligament
--where is it?
-what does it protect against? |
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Definition
-on the fibular side
-prevents knee adduction
-from the lateral epicondyle of femur to the lateral surface of head of fibula
-separated from the meniscus by the tendon of the politeus |
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Term
| lateral collateral ligament in relation to biceps femoris |
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Definition
| LCL splits the tendon of biceps femoris into 2 parts . |
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Term
oblique popliteal ligament in the knee
-where is it & what does it do? |
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Definition
-expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus
-strengthens the joint capsule posteriorly |
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Term
Arcuate popliteal ligament of knee
--where is it? what path does it take? |
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Definition
| -from the posterior aspect of fibular head , passes superomedially over the tendon of popliteus and spreads over the posterior aspect of the knee joint |
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Term
Oblique popliteal ligament & arcuate popliteal ligament of the knee
- where are they located?
-what do they do? |
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Definition
| located posteriorly to strengthen joint capsule |
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Term
| Intra-articular structures of Knee Joint |
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Definition
-Cruciate ligaments (ACL, PCL)
-Menisci (medial, lateral)
-tendon of popliteus |
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Term
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Definition
anterior cruciate ligament
-anteriorly to the tibia
-posteriorly to the intercondylar fossa of femur |
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Term
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Definition
posterior cruciate ligament
-anteriorly to the medial wall of the intercondylar fossa of femur
-posteriorly to the intercondylar area of the tibia- |
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Term
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Definition
| ligament prevents anterior displacement of tibia relative to the femur |
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Term
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Definition
| restricts the posterior displacement of tibia relative to the femur. |
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Term
MENISCI
-shape and composition |
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Definition
| intra-articular fibrocartilagenous C-shaped structures |
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Term
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Definition
| attach the margins of the menisci to the tibial condyles . |
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Term
| lateral and medial menisci are connected via the... |
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Definition
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Term
| why is the medial meniscus more frequently injured than the lateral meniscus? |
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Definition
| it is attached to the medial collateral ligament |
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Term
| the posterior meniscofemoral ligament |
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Definition
| joins the lateral meniscus to PCL and the medial femoral condyle |
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Term
| knee joint surfaces become larger and more stable in what position? |
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Definition
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Term
| knee locking mechanism basics |
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Definition
-as the knee approached extension, articulating surfaces become broader and more stable
-femur medially rotated on the tibia for locking
-popliteus muscle unlocks the knee by initiating the lateral rotation of femur on tibia. |
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Term
| the body's center of gravity relative to the knee joint |
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Definition
| vertical line that passes anterior to the knee joint |
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Term
| how the facets of the patella articulate with the femur |
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Definition
inferior facet - extension
middle facet - slight flexion
superior facet - flexion |
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Term
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Definition
-5 genicular branches from popliteal artery
-Descending br. of lateral femoral circumflex artery |
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Term
| 5 genicular branches from popliteal artery |
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Definition
-superior medial
-superior lateral
-middle
-inferior medial
-inferior lateral |
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Term
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Definition
| femoral, obturator, tibial & common fibular |
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Term
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Definition
-between long axis of femur (line of pull of quadriceps)
-and long axis of patellar tendon (line of pull of patellar tendon & tibia) |
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Term
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Definition
| ~12° in males & ~16° in females |
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Term
genu valgum
-what is it?
common associated pathology |
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Definition
aka knock knees
more than normal Q angle
-advanced osteoporosis |
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Term
genu varum
what is it?
common associated pathology |
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Definition
bow legs
less than normal q angle
-rickets, osteonmalacia, osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
acl rupture
Free tibia slides forward when leg pulled |
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Term
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Definition
-pcl rupture
-Free tibia slides backward when leg is pushed |
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Term
SUPERIOR TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT
-type of joint |
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Definition
-Plane gliding Synovial joint
--moves upward during dorsiflexion |
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Term
superior tibiofibular joint
-strengthened by |
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Definition
| anterior & posterior ligaments of head of fibula |
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Term
INFERIOR TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT
-joint type
-formed by |
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Definition
-Syndesmosis
-interosseous tibiofibular ligament only |
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Term
| most important movement of the inferior tibiofibular joint |
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Definition
| separation of distal tibia & fibula by trochlea of talus during dorsiflexion |
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Term
| fracture of talar neck may occur with |
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Definition
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Term
| most frequently fractures tarsal bone |
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Definition
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Term
| cuboid bone has a groove for the... |
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Definition
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Term
| forced inversion of the foot may cause avulsion fracture of... |
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Definition
Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
-by the fibularis brevis |
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Term
| foot joints involved in Inversion & Eversion of foot |
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Definition
| Intertarsal: subtalar, talocalcaneo-navicular, calcaneocuboid |
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Term
| foot joints involved in Flexion & Extension of toes |
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Definition
- Metatarsophalangeal
- Interphalangeal |
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Term
| foot joints involved in Abduction & Adduction of toes |
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Definition
- Metatarsophalangeal
- Interphalangeal |
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Term
| foot joints involved in Circumduction of toes |
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Definition
- Metatarsophalangeal
- Interphalangeal |
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Term
ankle joint
-aka
-main motions |
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Definition
talocrural joint
-hinge - dorsiflexion and plantar flexion |
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Term
ankle joint
-aka
-what is is betweem? |
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Definition
-talocrural joint
-between inferior ends of tibia and fibula and above the trochlea of the talus |
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Term
| fibrous capsule of the ankle reinforced by |
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Definition
-deltoid(medial collateral)
-lateral collateral ligament |
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Term
| deltoid ligament of the ankle - parts |
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Definition
from medial malleolus to
-Posterior tibiotalar
-Tibiocalcaneal
-Tibionavicular
-Anterior tibiotalar |
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Term
| which part of the lateral ligament of the ankle if most commonly torn? |
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Definition
| anterior talofibular ligament |
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Term
| parts of the lateral ligament of the ankle |
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Definition
from lateral malleolus
-anterior talofibular ligament
-calcaneofibular ligament
-posterior talofibular ligament |
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Term
ankle joint is most stable in which position?
why? |
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Definition
dorsiflexed
(trochlea of talus is wider anteroiorly |
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Term
| arteries of the ankle joint |
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Definition
-fibular artery - lateral
-posterior tibial artery - medial
-anterior tibial artery -> dorsalis pedis |
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Term
| nerves of the ankle joint |
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Definition
| Branches from tibial and deep fibular nerves |
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Term
| ligaments often affected in ankle sprain |
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Definition
-anterior talofibular ligament most often
-sometimes calcaneofibular ligament |
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Term
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Definition
-foot is forcibly everted
-tear of medial ligament or avulsion of medial malleolus |
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Term
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Definition
-with excessive inversion of foot
-Avulsion of lateral malleolus or tear of lateral ligament |
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Term
| Subtalar joint -aka -movements |
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Definition
| Talocalcaneal -inversion and eversion |
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Term
subtalar joint
type of joint |
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Definition
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Term
sutalar joint
-supported by |
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Definition
| -supported by medial, lateral, posterior & interosseus talocalcaneal ligaments |
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Term
Transverse Tarsal Joint
-made up of |
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Definition
Compound joint:
-Talonavicular joint (ball & socket) / Part of talocalcaneonavicular joint
-Calcaneocuboid joint (plane) |
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Term
Transverse Tarsal Joint
-movements |
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Definition
| with inversion & eversion of foot |
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Term
Transverse Tarsal Joint
-supporting structures |
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Definition
-Dorsal & plantar* Calcaneocuboid ligaments
-Long plantar ligament
-Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves subtalar & transverse tarsal joint |
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Term
clubfoot
-muscles involved, how? |
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Definition
| tightness of tendons of long extensors |
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Term
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Definition
| plantarflexion, inversion, & forefoot adduction |
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Term
Metatarsophalangeal joint
-joint type
-actions |
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Definition
-condylar joint
-flexion, extension
-adduction and abduction of toes |
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Term
interphalangeal joint of foot
-joint type
-actions |
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Definition
hinge joint
-flexion extension |
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Term
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Definition
degenerative disease of 1st MTP joint
-enlarged head of 1st metatarsal
-deviation of big toe at MPT joint
-bunions and corns develop |
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Term
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Definition
-medial longitudinal arch
-lateral longitudinal arch
-transverse arch |
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Term
medial longitudinal arch
-made up of... |
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Definition
-made up of Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1st, 2nd & 3rd metatarsals
-talar head is the keystone of medial longitudinal arch |
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Term
medial longitudinal arch
-function |
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Definition
| -shock absorption and propulsion |
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Term
lateral longitudinal arch
-made up of
-function |
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Definition
-Calcaneus, cuboid, 4th & 5th metatarsals
-support function |
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Term
Transverse Arch
-made up of |
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Definition
-Cuboid, cuneiforms & bases of metatarsals
-Support & shock absorption |
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Term
| muscles involved in maintaining the arch of the foot |
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Definition
-intrinsic plantar muscles
-tibialis anterior
-tibialis posterior
-flexor hallucis longus
-flexor digitorum longus
-fibularis longus |
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Term
| ligamentus tissue supporting the arch of the foor |
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Definition
plantar aponeurosis
long plantar ligament
short plantar ligament
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| acquired flat feet results from |
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Definition
dysfunction of tibialis posterior
-displacement off talar head
-weight gain, old age, standing |
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Term
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Definition
-stance phase - 60% of the cycle
-swing phase - 40% of the cycle |
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Term
stance phase of gait cycle
-parts with associated muscles |
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Definition
1. heel strike(glut. max. & tib. ant.)
2. flat foot (quadriceps femoris)
3. mid-stance (triceps surae)
4. toe-off (rectus femoris) |
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Term
swing phase of gait cycle
-parts with associated muscles |
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Definition
1. knee flexion (hamstrings)
2. hip flexion (iliopsoas)
3. knee extension (quadriceps femoris)
4. ankle dorsiflexion (tib. ant.) |
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