Term
| boundaries of the gluteal region |
|
Definition
-superiorly: the iliac crest , greater trochanter and ASIS.
-Inferiorly: the gluteal fold |
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Term
|
Definition
| bony ring composed of sacrum and right and left hip bones |
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Term
sacrum articulates with:
(include names of joints) |
|
Definition
-Each hip bone via a sacro-iliac joint
-Lumbar vertebrae L5 via lumbosacral joint |
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Term
|
Definition
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament |
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Term
|
Definition
| passageway for structures entering or leaving the pelvis |
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Term
|
Definition
| passage way for structures entering or leaving the perineum |
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Term
| job of the gluteal ligaments |
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Definition
-stabilize
-resisting the upward tilting of the inferior aspect of sacrum . |
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Term
3 bones that make up the hip
-name of the bones
-name of their fusion point |
|
Definition
-fused at the triradiate cartilage
ilium
ischium
pubis |
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Term
|
Definition
-Body
-Ischial ramus
-Ischial spine
-Greater & Lesser sciatic notch
-Ischial tuberosity |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Body
--Pubic tubercle
--Pubic crest
Superior & Inferior pubic ramus
--Pecten pubis (superior) |
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Term
|
Definition
| contusion of the iliac crest, often on the anterior part, by direct blow or fall |
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Term
avulsion fractures of the hip
-where are the vulnerabilies?
-when? |
|
Definition
-Immature skeleton is prone
-common at muscle origins
---ischial tuberosity for hamstrings
---ASIS for sartorius
---AIIS for rectus femoris |
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Term
| Superficial gluteal muscles |
|
Definition
-Gluteus maximus
-Gluteus medius
-Gluteus minimus
-Tensor fasciae latae |
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Term
|
Definition
-Piriformis
-Obturator internus
-Superior Gemellus
-Inferior Gemellus
-Quadratus femoris |
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Term
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
-attachments
-innervation
-action |
|
Definition
-ilium & sacrum to iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur
-innervated by inferior gluteal nerve ( L5,S1,S2)
-extends from flexion, laterally rotates |
|
|
Term
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
-attachments
-innervation
-action |
|
Definition
-from outer surface of ilium to greater trochanter of femur.
-Superior gluteal nerve( L4, L5,S1)
-It abducts & medially rotates thigh, keeps pelvis level |
|
|
Term
GLUTEUS MINIMUS
-attachments
-innervation
-action |
|
Definition
-outer surface of ilium to greater trochanter of femur
-Superior gluteal nerve( L4, L5,S1)
-It abducts & medially rotates thigh, keeps pelvis level |
|
|
Term
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
-attachments
-innervation
-action |
|
Definition
-FROM “ASIS” & anterior part of iliac crest TO iliotibial tract.
-SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE ( L4,L5,S1)
-abducts, medially rotates, helps flex thigh
---stabilizes EXTENDED knee joint by supporting femur on tibia |
|
|
Term
Trendelenburg sign
-what is injured/affected?
-what to look for/the sign |
|
Definition
-damaged superior gluteal nerve disables gluteus medius and minimus,
-hip tilts down on the opposite to injury when walking. |
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Term
| DEEP MUSCLES OF GLUTEAL REGION |
|
Definition
-piriformis
-obturator internus
-superior gemellus
-inferior gemellus
-quadratus femoris |
|
|
Term
piriformis
-attachments
-innervation
-action |
|
Definition
-from anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament TO greater trochanter via the greater sciatic foramen
-by branches of anterior rami of S1 & S2.
-laterally rotate the extended thigh (hip joint) & abduct flexed thigh |
|
|
Term
OBTURATOR INTERNUS
-attachments
-innervation
-action |
|
Definition
-from obturator membrane, obturator foramen, & sacrotuberous ligament TO greater trochanter via the greater sciatic foramen
-by nerve to obturator internus L5,S1
-laterally rotate the extended thigh (hip joint) & abduct flexed thigh |
|
|
Term
SUPERIOR GEMELLUS
-attachments
-innervation
-action |
|
Definition
-from ischial spine TO greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon
-by nerve to obturator internus L5,S1)
-laterally rotate the extended thigh (hip joint) & abduct flexed thigh |
|
|
Term
INFERIOR GEMELLUS
-attachments
-innervation
-action |
|
Definition
-from ischial tuberosity TO greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon
-nerve to quadratus femoris ( L5, S1)
-laterally rotate the extended thigh (hip joint) & abduct flexed thigh |
|
|
Term
QUADRATUS FEMORIS
-attachments
-innervation
-action |
|
Definition
-from ischial tuberosity TO quadrate tubercle of intertrochanteric crest
-nerve to quatdartus femoris L5.S1
-laterally rotate the extended thigh (hip joint) |
|
|
Term
| gluteal muscles that medially rotate the thigh |
|
Definition
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae |
|
|
Term
| gluteal muscles that laterally rotate the thigh |
|
Definition
-Gluteus maximus
-Piriformis
-Obturator internus
-Superior Gemellus
-Inferior Gemellus
-Quadratus femoris |
|
|
Term
| bursae surrounding the gluteus maximus |
|
Definition
Trochanteric bursa
Ischial bursa
Gluteofemoral bursa |
|
|
Term
Trochanteric bursitis
-s&s |
|
Definition
-diffuse pain in the lateral thigh region especially during stair climbing or rising from a seated position
-point tenderness over greater trochanter and radiating pain along the ITB |
|
|
Term
| greater sciatic foramen (above piriformis) is a gateway for... |
|
Definition
| superior gluteal nerve, artery, and vein |
|
|
Term
| lesser sciatic foramen is a gateway for... |
|
Definition
-obturator internus muscle tendon
-pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels |
|
|
Term
| greater sciatic foramen (below piriformis) is a gateway for... |
|
Definition
-sciatic nerve
-inferior gluteal nerve, artery, vein
-pudendal nerve
-internal pudendal artery and vein
-posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
-nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles
-nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles |
|
|
Term
superior gluteal artery
-emerges from
-branches (what to they supply?) |
|
Definition
-emerges from greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis
-superficial branch supplies gluteus maximus
-deep branch supplies gluteus medius, minimus, and TFL |
|
|
Term
inferior gluteal artery
-emerges from
-what does it supply? |
|
Definition
-emerges from greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis
-supplies gluteus maximus and deep muscles of gluteal region |
|
|
Term
Medial femoral circumflex
-branched from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ascending branch of first perforating artery
-branches from |
|
Definition
| from deep artery of thigh (profunda femoris artery) |
|
|
Term
Lateral femoral circumflex artery
-where is it? (branches from, goes to..) |
|
Definition
| first branch off the profunda femoris artery, wraps around the neck of the femur |
|
|
Term
| ideal site of intramuscular injection |
|
Definition
| upper lateral quadrant of the gluteal region |
|
|
Term
| risk with injection to the lower medial quadrant |
|
Definition
| damage to the sciatic nerve, paralysis of posterior thigh muscles & all muscles below knee joint |
|
|
Term
| risk with injection to the upper medial quadrant |
|
Definition
| damage to the superior gluteal nerve branches, paralysis of gluteal muscles |
|
|
Term
Hamstring muscles
-what are they
-innervation |
|
Definition
1. Semitendinosus
2. Semimembranosus
3. Biceps femoris ( long head )
INNERVATED BY the tibial division of the Sciatic nerve |
|
|
Term
| Semitendinosus attachements |
|
Definition
| attaches from ischial tuberosity TO upper medial tibia with pes anserine |
|
|
Term
| Semimembranosus attachments |
|
Definition
| from ischial tuberosity TO posterior part of medial condyle |
|
|
Term
biceps femoris
-heads
-attachments |
|
Definition
-long head: arises from ischial tuberosity
short head: arises from linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line of femur
--both insert into the head of the fibula |
|
|
Term
hamstring action
-with adductor magnus
-w/o adductor magnus |
|
Definition
-w/ AM, extend thigh (HIP joint)
-w/o AM, they flex leg (KNEE joint) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka. goose foot, a common insertion point on the tibia for the semitendinosus , gracilis and Sartorius |
|
|
Term
| tibial division of the sciatic nerve supplies |
|
Definition
-hamstring part of Adductor magnus
-Long head of biceps femoris,
-Semitendinosus
-Semi-membranosus |
|
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Term
| common fibular division of the sciatic nerve supplies |
|
Definition
Short head of biceps femoris
-divides into deep and superficial fibular nerves |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| sciatic nerve irritated or compressed, often due to hypertrophy if piriformis causing pain and/or paresthesia of gluteal region and posterior thigh |
|
|
Term
| inferior gluteal artery and vein supplies |
|
Definition
| Supply superior hamstring & sciatic nerve |
|
|
Term
4 Perforating branches of deep artery of thigh (& corresponding veins)
-supply |
|
Definition
| supply central hamstring, femur & sciatic nerve |
|
|
Term
| tributaries to femoral vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
POPLITEAL FOSSA
-boundaries |
|
Definition
SUPEROMEDIALLY: semimembranosus
SUPEROLATERALLY : biceps femoris
INFEROMEDIALLY : medial head of gastrocnemius
INFEROLATERALLY :lateral head of gastrocnemius
ROOF : skin and popliteal fascia
FLOOR : popliteal surface of femur |
|
|
Term
| Contents of Popliteal Fossa |
|
Definition
-Popliteal artery and vein
-Termination of small saphenous vein
-Tibial and common fibular branches of the sciatic nerve (superficial to vein)
-posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
-popliteal lymph nodes and vessels |
|
|
Term
genicular branches from the popliteal fossa
-list them |
|
Definition
-superior medial
-superior lateral
-middle
-inferior medial
-inferior lateral genicular arteries |
|
|
Term
genicular branches from the popliteal fossa
-purpose |
|
Definition
-genicular anastomoses around the knee.
-collateral circulation to the leg during full flexion |
|
|
Term
popliteal artery
-continuation of
-branches into |
|
Definition
-from the femoral artery via adductor hiatus
-divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries |
|
|
Term
popliteal artery
-complications with leg fractures |
|
Definition
-laceration of the artery
-spasm and occlusion due to sudden traction
-compression (from cast or bandage)
-thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| position for finding the popliteal pulse |
|
Definition
| in prone position with the knee flexed to relax popliteal fascia and hamstrings |
|
|
Term
| Popliteal aneurysm leads to... |
|
Definition
| edema and pain in the popliteal fossa |
|
|
Term
| blood can access the popliteal artery when the femoral artery is ligated via... |
|
Definition
| the genicular anastomosis |
|
|
Term
| path of the small saphenous vein |
|
Definition
| from the posterior aspect of lateral malleolus to the popliteal fossa, pierces the deep popliteal fascia and enters the popliteal vein |
|
|
Term
medial sural cutaneous nerve
-comes from
-is joined by
-supplies |
|
Definition
-from the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa
-joined by the sural communicating branch of common fibular nerve
-as the SURAL NERVE, supplies the skin on the posterior and lateral aspect of leg and lateral side of the foot . |
|
|
Term
| common fibular nerve path |
|
Definition
| breaks from the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa -> follows medial border of the biceps femoris -> exits the popliteal fossa superficial to the lateral gastroc -> around the neck of the fibula (INJURY RISK) -> branches into superficial and deep fibular nerves |
|
|
Term
lateral sural cutaneous nerve
-branches from
-supplies |
|
Definition
from common fibular nerve
-supplies the skin of lateral aspect of leg . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| features on the head of the femur |
|
Definition
-hyaline cartilage
-fovea capitis femoris
-ligament of the head of the femur |
|
|
Term
| ligament of the head of the femur |
|
Definition
-non-strengthening
-contains the artery to the head of the femur, a branch of the obturator artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inferior "insufficiency" of the acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| the semilunar articular surface of the acetabulum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
makes the acetabulum deeper
-is fibrocartilaginous |
|
|
Term
| transverse acetabular ligament |
|
Definition
bridges the acetabular notch,
-is connected to the ligament of the head of the femur |
|
|
Term
| reaches of the hip joint's fibrous capsule |
|
Definition
-Reaches the intertrochanteric line anteriorly
-proximal to the intertrochanteric crest posteriorly. |
|
|
Term
| three ligaments of the hip joint that reinforce the fibrous capsule |
|
Definition
-Iliofemoral ligament
-Pubofemoral ligament
-Ischiofemoral ligament |
|
|
Term
Iliofemoral ligament
-attachment points
-protects against |
|
Definition
-from the anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular rim to the intertrochanteric line
-prevents hyperextension |
|
|
Term
Pubofemoral ligament
-attachment points
-protects against |
|
Definition
-from the obturator crest to blend with the iliofemoral ligament
-limits excess extension and abduction |
|
|
Term
Ischiofemoral ligament
-attachment points
-protects against |
|
Definition
-from the ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur
-it helps prevent hyperextension |
|
|
Term
| hip ligaments are relaxed in what position? |
|
Definition
| relaxed during flexion and adduction of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| direction of most hip dislocations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most traumatic hip dislocations |
|
Definition
-dislocates posterior
-posterior acetabulum may fracture
-sciatic nerve may be damaged
-avascular necrosis risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Flexion & extension
-Abduction & Adduction
-Medial & lateral rotation
-Circumduction |
|
|
Term
| blood supply to the hip joint |
|
Definition
MAINLY Retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery
-also retinacular branches of the lateral femoral circumflex artery
-artery to the head of the femur |
|
|
Term
| traumatic injuries that may interrupt blood to the head of the femur |
|
Definition
-fracture of the neck of the femur
-a posterior hip dislocation |
|
|
Term
Collateral circulation around hip joint formed by...
-When would this come into play? |
|
Definition
allows blood past obstruction of external iliac or femoral artery
-medial femoral circumflex
-lateral femoral circumflex
-inferior gluteal
-first perforating arteries |
|
|
Term
| Nerve supply of hip joint |
|
Definition
-Femoral nerve or its muscular branches anteriorly
-Obturator nerve inferiorly
-Superior gluteal nerve superiorly
-Nerve to quatratus femoris posteriorly |
|
|
Term
| why is hip pain often referred to the knee? |
|
Definition
| articular branches of the femoral and obturator nerves innervate both the hip and knee joints |
|
|
Term
Osteoarthritis of Hip Joint
-higher risk populations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complications with total hip replacemetn |
|
Definition
| hip dislocation due to deep internal rotation |
|
|
