Term
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Definition
| weight-bearing bone; it articulates at both the knee and ankle joints |
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Term
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Definition
-primarily for muscle attachments
-forms lateral part of the ankle joint |
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Term
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Definition
-Medial and lateral condyles
-articular surfaces separated by intercondylar eminence
-tibial tuberosity
-body/shaft
-soleal line (upper posterior shaft)
-medial malleolus
-fibular notch |
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Term
| what attaches to the tibial tuberoisty? |
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Definition
| -quadriceps femoris tendon (patellar ligament) |
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Term
| which part of the tibia is most vulnerable to bruising |
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Definition
| subcutaneous anterior border |
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Term
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Definition
-head with apex
-body, with interosseous border
-lateral malleolus |
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Term
| most common site of tibial fracture |
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Definition
| the junction of lower and middle thirds where the shaft is the narrowest |
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Term
| most common fibular fracture |
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Definition
| proximal to the lateral malleolus and is often associated with fracture dislocation of the ankle joint |
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Term
The tarsal bones of the foot
(with mnemonic) |
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Definition
"tall centers never take shots from corners"
talus
calcaneus
navicular
third cuneiform
second cuneiform
first cuneiform
cuboid |
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Term
the talus bone articulates with
-joints |
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Definition
-with leg bones: talocrural
-with calcaneus: subtalar joint
-with navicular: talonavicular joint |
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Term
the calcaneus bone articulates with
-joints |
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Definition
-with the talus: subtalar joint
-with the cuboid: calcaneocuboid joint
---part of the transverse tarsal joint |
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Term
| features of the calcaneus |
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Definition
-prominent tuberosity that forms the heel
-sustentaculum tali(shelf to support talus)
-fibular trochlea (on lateral surface) |
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Term
navicular bone
-articulates with |
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Definition
-posteriorly with the talus
-anteriorly with the cuneiforms |
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Term
| issues with the medial tuberosity of the navicular bone |
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Definition
| may press against a shoe if it is too prominent |
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Term
| cuneiform bones articulate with... |
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Definition
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Term
| cuboid bone articulates with... |
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Definition
-anteriorly with the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones
-medially with the navicular & lateral cuneiforms
-proximally with the calcaneus
- |
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Term
| features of the cuboid bone |
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Definition
| -inferior tuberosity, which is proximal to a groove for the fibularis longus tendon |
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Term
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Definition
-encloses the leg
-sends anterior and posterior intermuscular septa to the fibula |
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Term
| 3 compartments of the leg |
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Definition
-lateral
-anterior
-posterior |
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Term
| Lateral compartment of the leg: location |
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Definition
| between the anterior and posterior intermuscular septa |
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Term
| Anterior compartment of the leg: location |
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Definition
| between the anterior intermuscular septum and tibia |
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Term
| Posterior compartment of the leg: location |
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Definition
| posterior to the tibia, interosseous membrane, fibula, and posterior intermuscular septum |
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Term
transverse intermuscular septum
-function |
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Definition
divides the posterior compartment of the leg into the
-superficial group
-deep group |
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Term
| distal tibiofibular joint is a |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 opening in the interosseus membrane of the leg are for... |
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Definition
anterior tibial vessels
perforating branch of the fibular artery |
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Term
anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
function |
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Definition
| reinforces the distal joining of tibia and fibula |
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Term
compartment syndrome: signs and symptoms
(leg) |
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Definition
5 "P's"
-Pallor (lack of color)
-Paresthesia (numbness & tingling)
-Pulse deficit
-Paralysis or paresis
-Pain on passive motion |
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Term
compartment syndrome: general risk
(leg) |
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Definition
| pain, ischemia, and muscle necrosis due to intracompartmental pressure (swelling) |
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Term
fibularis longus
-origin & insertion
-path |
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Definition
from upper lateral fibula ->
tendon passes posterior to the lateral malleolus and deep to the fibular retinacula->
-crosses the sole of the foot to insert on the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal |
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Term
fibularis brevis
-origin & insertion
-path |
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Definition
-from the lower lateral fibula ->
--tendon passes posterior to the lateral malleolus and deep to the fibular retinacula->
--insert on the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal. |
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Term
EVERTERS - which muscles are they?
-which compartment are they in?
-innervation?
-blood supply |
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Definition
-fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
-in the lateral compartment of the leg
-superficial fibular nerve FROM common fibular nerve
-fibular branch of the posterior tibial artery |
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Term
superior fibular retinaculum
-attachments |
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Definition
| between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus. |
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Term
| An inferior fibular retinaculum |
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Definition
-lateral surface of the calcaneus around the fibular trochlea
-blends above with the inferior extensor retinaculum . |
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Term
Fibular Retinacula
-function |
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Definition
| bind the tendons of fibularis longus and fibularis brevis |
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Term
| path of the superficial fibular nerve |
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Definition
| from common fibular nerve->descend deep to fibularis longus muscle and innervates fibularis longus and brevis -> penetrates deep fascia ->supplies skin of dorsum of the foot except skin of first interdigital cleft |
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Term
Superficial fibular nerve entrapment
-common cause
-outcome... |
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Definition
-stretched due to Chronic ankle sprains
-pain/numbness/tingling along the lateral side of leg and dorsum of ankle and foot |
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Term
| muscles of the anterior compartment |
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Definition
-Tibialis anterior
-Extensor digitorum longus
-Extensor hallucis longus
-Fibularis tertius |
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Term
Tibialis anterior
-attachments
-action |
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Definition
-from the superior lateral tibia and interosseous membrane TO the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal
--strongest dorsiflexor and inverter of the foot |
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Term
Extensor digitorum longus
-attachments
-action |
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Definition
-from the superior anterior fibula and interosseous membrane TO the middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
---extends the toes and dorsiflexes the foot |
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Term
Extensor hallucis longus
-attachments
-action |
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Definition
-from the middle-anterior fibula and interosseous membrane TO the distal phalanx of the great toe
-it extends the great toe and dorsiflexes the foot |
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Term
Fibularis tertius
-attachments
-action |
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Definition
-from the inferior fibula and interosseous membrane TO the base of the fifth metatarsal
---aids in dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot |
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Term
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Definition
edema and pain in the distal tibia due to repetitive micro trauma to the TIBIALIS ANTEROR
- periosteum cover and/or attachments from overlying deep fascia are torn |
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Term
Anterior compartment muscles
-path of tendons
-innervation
-blood supply |
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Definition
-pass deep to the superior and inferior extensor retinacula
-deep fibular nerve
-anterior tibial artery |
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Term
|
Definition
| results from lesion of the deep fibular nerve, affecting muscles of the anterior compartment |
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Term
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Definition
| from the common fibular nerve -> through the intermuscular septa btwn lateral and anterior compartments -> deep to extensor digitorum longus -> descends on the interosseous membrane along with anterior tibial artery |
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Term
| deep fibular nerve innervates.... |
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Definition
-all the muscles in anterior compartment
->dorsum of foot->
-extesor digitorum brevis
-1st two dorsal interossei
-skin between great and 2nd toe |
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Term
| Cutaneous innervation of anterior leg is by... |
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Definition
-Saphenous nerve (from the femoral nerve)
-Lateral sural nerve(from common fibular nerve) |
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Term
where is the common fibular nerve most vulnerable to injury?
-common ways it is injured
-result |
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Definition
as it winds around the fibular neck
-direct trauma
-fracture of fibular neck
-FOOT DROP! (loss of dorsiflexion) |
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Term
| foot drop - types of compensation |
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Definition
-A waddling gait -----individual leans on the side opposite to the long limb
-A swing out gait ------long limb is swung out laterally (abducted )
-A high stepping gait-----extra flexion is employed |
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Term
| intrinsic muscles of the dorsum of the foot |
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Definition
-Extensor digitorum brevis
-Extensor hallucis brevis |
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Term
Extensor digitorum brevis (foot)
-attachments |
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Definition
| -from the calcaneus to the extensor expansions of toes 2-4 |
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Term
Extensor hallucis brevis
-attachments |
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Definition
| -from the calcaneus to the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe |
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Term
| innervation and blood supply of the dorsum of the foot |
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Definition
-deep fibular nerve
-dorsalis pedis artery from anterior tibial artery |
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Term
| dorsalis pedis artery branches |
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Definition
-lateral tarsal artery
-arcuate artery
-1st dorsal metatarsal artery & deep plantar artery (to sole of foot) |
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Term
| branches from the arcuate artery |
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Definition
| 2nd, 3rd, & 4th dorsal metatarsal arteries that divide into 2 dorsal digital arteries per toe (last 4 toes) |
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Term
| how to palpate the dorsalis pedis pulse |
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Definition
-the foot slightly dorsiflexed
-along a line from extensor retinaculum to a point just lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus . |
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Term
| A diminished or absent dorsalis pedis pulse suggests |
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Definition
| insufficiency of of peripheral vascular system |
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Term
| superfical veins of the foot drain to... |
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Definition
| -the dorsal venous arch, which drains to the great saphenous vein (medial) and small saphenous vein (lateral) |
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Term
| deep veins of the foot... |
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Definition
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Term
| deep fibular nerve in the foot innervates |
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Definition
-extensor digitorum brevis
-first 2 dorsal interossei
-skin between the dorsum of 1st and 2nd toes |
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Term
| superficial fibular nerve supplies in the foot... |
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Definition
| -sensory to most of the skin on dorsal aspect of foot and toes (except between 1st & 2nd toes) |
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Term
| sural nerve in the foot innervates |
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Definition
| sensory for the far lateral dorsum |
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Term
| saphenous nerve in the foot innervates |
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Definition
| sensory for the proximal dorsum of the foot |
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Term
superior extensor retinaculum of the ankle
-location/attachments |
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Definition
| -just superior to the ankle joint --------attached to anterior borders of tibia and fibula . |
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Term
inferior extensor retinaculum of the ankle
-location/attachments |
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Definition
-lateral upper calcaneus
-medial malleolus
-medial side of plantar aponeurosis |
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Term
structures deep to the extensor retinaculum of the ankle
(with mnemonic) |
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Definition
"Tom Has Very Nice Dog & Frog"
-Tibialis anterior tendon
-Ext. Hallucis longus tendon
-anterior digital vessels
-deep fibular nerve
-extensor digitorum longus tendon
-fibularis tertius |
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Term
| extensor hood in the foot |
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Definition
-apex attached to distal phalanx
-central region attached middle phalanx (or proximal in great toe)
-cornes/base wraps around the matatarsophalangeal joint to attach to the transverse ligament |
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