Term
| Where is the adductor tubercle located? |
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Definition
| On the medial supracondylar line. |
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Term
| Intertrochanteric line connects the trochanters on the BLANK aspect of the femur |
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Definition
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Term
| Intertrochanteric crest connects the trochanters on the BLANK aspect of the femur |
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Definition
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Term
| Linea aspera divides into what and what laterally and medially |
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Definition
Laterally- gluteal tuberosity
Medially- Pectineal (spiral) line |
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Term
| Where is the quadrate tubercle located? |
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Definition
| On the intertrochanteric crest. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fx. of femoral head and neck |
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Term
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Definition
| Fx. of trochanteric, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric fractures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery can be torn |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decreased angle of inclination (<126 degrees) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increased angle of inclination (>126 degrees( |
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Term
|
Definition
| Axis of femoral shaft and neck/head of femur in frontal plane |
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Term
| Angle of declination (torsion angle) |
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Definition
| Axis between condyles and femoral neck in transverse plane |
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Term
| An opening in the fascia lata for the great saphenous vein |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the great saphenous vein a tributary of? |
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Definition
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Term
| The saphenous vein receives 3 smaller superficial veins: |
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Definition
| -superficial circumflex iliac veins, -superficial epigastric veins, -superficial external pudendal nerves. |
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Term
| Medial margin of the saphenous opening is smooth, but the superior, lateral, and inferior is: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the saphenous opening made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What passes through the saphenous opening? |
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Definition
| The great saphenous vein and some lymphatics which drain into the femoral vein and deep inguinal lymph nodes |
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Term
| What forms the great saphenous vein? |
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Definition
| Union of dorsal digital vein of the first and dorsal venous arch |
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Term
| Describe the venous pathway of the GREAT saphenous vein. |
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Definition
1) Passes anterior to the medial malleolus
2) Passes posterior to the medial condyle of the femur
3) Anastomoses freely with the small saphenous vein
4) Tranverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata |
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Term
| What forms the small saphenous vein? |
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Definition
| Union of the dorsal digital vein of the 5th and dorsal venous arch |
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Term
| Sacrotuberous Ligament attaches where? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Sacrospinous ligament attaches where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathway of the SMALL Saphenous vein. |
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Definition
1) Ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus
2)Passes along the lateral border of the calcaneal tendon
3)Inclines to the midline of the fibula and penetrates the deep fascia
4) Ascends between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle
5) Empties into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa |
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Term
| Where are varicose veins most commonly formed? |
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Definition
| Posteromedial parts of lower limb. |
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Term
| What are superficial lymphatic vessels accompanied by? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What lies medial to the femoral vein? |
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Definition
| Deep inguinal lymph nodes |
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Term
| What accompanies deep lymphatic vessels? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pectineus Proximal Attachment |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pectineus Distal Attachment |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Adducts, flexes hip, medial rotates hip |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Psoas Major Proximal Attachment |
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Definition
| Transverse processes/sides of T12-L5/ All lumbar vertebrae |
|
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Term
| Psoas Major Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| Lesser trochanter of femur |
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Term
|
Definition
| NOT FEMORAL- Anterior rami of L1-L3 |
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Term
| Psoas Major and Iliacus Major Actions (4) |
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Definition
| Flex hip, stabilize hip joint, maintains normal lumbar lordosis, active during standing |
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Term
| Iliacus Proximal Attachment |
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Definition
| Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala, anterior sacroiliac ligaments |
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Term
| Iliacus Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
| Tendon of psoas major and lesser trochanter |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Tailor's muscle
2) Most superficial
3) Passes obliquely
4) Brings lower limb in to cross legged position
5) It's a synergist |
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Term
| Sartorius Proximal Attachment |
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Definition
Anterior superior iliac spine
Superior notch |
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Term
| Sartorius Distal Attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh
Flexes knee |
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Term
| Rectus Femoris Proximal Attachment |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Vastus Lateralis Proximal Attachment |
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Definition
| Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera |
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Term
| Vastus Medialis Proximal Attachment |
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Definition
| Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera |
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Term
| Vastus intermedius Proximal Attachment |
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Definition
| Anterolateral femoral shaft |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Extends knee
Stabilizes hip joint
Helps iliopsoas flex hip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulls synovial membrane superiorly during extension of the knee; preventing it from being compressed between femur+patella |
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|
Term
| Softening of the cartilage or runner's knee |
|
Definition
| Chondromalacia Patellae- also caused by extreme hyperflexion or trauma |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Damages hip adductors and flexors; pain occurs at inferior pubic ramus and ischial tuberosity; extension, abduction, adduction are painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Direct blow to iliac crest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute cramping of an individual thigh muscle because of ischemia, nocturnal leg cramps, or to contusion and rupture of blood vessels sufficient to form a hematoma (blood clot) |
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|
Term
| Boundaries of femoral triangle; Superior (base), lateral, medial |
|
Definition
Superior- inguinal ligament
Medial- adductor longus
Lateral- Sartorius
Apex- medial border of SARTORIUS meets lateral border of AD. L. |
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Term
| Floor and Roof(4) of femoral triangle |
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Definition
Lateral- iliopsoas
Medial- pectineus
Roof- Fascia lata, cribiform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin |
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|
Term
| What does the retro inguinal space do? |
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Definition
| Connect trunk/abdominopelvic cavity to lower limb |
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|
Term
| What divides the retroinguinal space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is in the lateral retroinguinal space? |
|
Definition
| iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve |
|
|
Term
| What is in the medial retroinguinal space? |
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Definition
| Blood vessels and lymphatics |
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|
Term
| Contents of femoral triangle |
|
Definition
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral Vein (Great saphenous and profunda femoral vein) |
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|
Term
| Where does the adductor canal span from? |
|
Definition
| Apex of femoral triangle to where Sartorius crosses adductor longus |
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of the adductor canal? |
|
Definition
Passageway for femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve,
and nerve to vastus medialis. |
|
|
Term
| Where do femoral veins end up? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anteriolaterally- vastus medialis
Posteriorly- adductor longus and adductor magnus
Medially+roof- sartorius |
|
|
Term
| Where is the adductor hiatus an opening of? |
|
Definition
Adductor portion of adductor magnus
Tendon of hamstring |
|
|
Term
| What goes through the adductor hiatus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Psoas major->
Pelvis->
Midpoint inguinal ligament->
Retro inguinal space->
Femoral triangle->
Terminal branches of muscles of anterior thigh |
|
|
Term
| What are the end points of the femoral nerve? |
|
Definition
1) Articular branches to hip and knee
2) Cutaneous branches to anteromedial thigh
3) Saphenous nerve passes through Sartorius+gracillis |
|
|
Term
| What does the saphenous nerve supply? |
|
Definition
| Skin and superficial fascia of anteromedial aspects of knee, leg, and foot |
|
|
Term
| What forms the femoral sheath? |
|
Definition
| Inferior prolongation of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia |
|
|
Term
| Where does the femoral sheath end? |
|
Definition
| Tunica adventitia and loose connective tissue surrounding blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Does the femoral nerve lie in the femoral sheath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of femoral sheath? |
|
Definition
| Allows femoral vessels to glide deep to inguinal ligament during movements of hip joint |
|
|
Term
| What divides the femoral sheath? |
|
Definition
Vertical septa connective tissue:
Lateral compartment is for femoral artery
Intermediate compartment is for femoral vein
Medial compartment is for femoral canal |
|
|
Term
| What does the femoral canal lie between? |
|
Definition
| Medial wall fo femoral sheath and femoral vein |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the femoral canal? |
|
Definition
| Allows femoral vein to expand when venous return pressure is increased; when intraabdominal pressure is increased |
|
|
Term
| What is inside the femoral canal? |
|
Definition
Loose connective tissue
Fat
Lymphatic vessels
Deep inguinal lymph node called Cloquet's node |
|
|
Term
| What is the base of the femoral canal called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Boundaries of femoral ring |
|
Definition
Laterally- femoral septum
Posteriorly- superior ramus of pubis covered by pectineal ligament
Medially- Lacunar ligament
Anteriorly- Medial inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs in the femoral ring and protrudes through the femoral canal; more common in females |
|
|
Term
| Femoral artery (chief artery of lower limb that comes form external iliac artery) |
|
Definition
| bisects femoral triangle; exits adductor canal and passes adductor hiatus to become popliteal artery; lies against distal femur (can be injured) |
|
|
Term
| 4 braches of femoral artery |
|
Definition
1) Superficial epigastric
2) Superficial external iliac
3) Superficial external pudendal artery
4) Deep external pudendal artery |
|
|
Term
| Profunda femoris artery (chief artery of thigh) |
|
Definition
1) goes to adductor longus
2) medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries branch off between iliopsoas and pectineus muscles
3) supplies femoral head via posterior retinacular branches |
|
|
Term
| Lateral circumflex artery divides into ascending, transverse, and descending |
|
Definition
Ascending- passes deep to fascia latae-> superior gluteal artery anastomose
Transverse- enters vastus lateralis->cruciate anastomosis
Descending- behind rectus femoris to supply vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis-> genicular anastomosis |
|
|
Term
| What do perforating arteries supply? |
|
Definition
| They come from profunda femoris artery to supply adductor magnus, hamstrings, and vastus lateralis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adductor canal;
Enters femoral sheath to become external iliac vein as it passes inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| Tributaries of femoral vein |
|
Definition
Profunda femoris vein
Great saphenous vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) arises from internal iliac artery
2) Divides into anterior and posterior branches that straddle adductor brevis |
|
|
Term
| What does obturator artery supply? |
|
Definition
1) Obturator externus
2) Pectineus
3) Adductors
4) Gracillis |
|
|
Term
| What branches off the obturator artery? |
|
Definition
| A posterior branch that gives off an acetabular branch that supplies the head of the femur |
|
|
Term
| Replaced or accessory obturator artery |
|
Definition
1) Enlarged pubic branch of inferior epigastric artery takes place of obturator artery
2) Or joints it as an accessory obturator artery
3) Runs close to femoral ring-> Femoral hernia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Runs medial to psoas muscle to run through obturator foramen along with obturator artery and vein
2) Divides into anterior and posterior branches that straddle adductor brevis along with obturator vessels |
|
|
Term
| What do the branches of the obturator nerve supply? |
|
Definition
Anterior branch- adductor longus
Posterior branch- adductor magnus and obturator externus |
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