Term
| Name the 7 functions of the skeletal system? |
|
Definition
1. Protection
2. Supports
3. Movement/ Locomotion
4. Mineral Storage
5. Produces Blood
6. Energy Storage
7. Hormone Production |
|
|
Term
| What hormone is produced by bone tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 types of bone cells? |
|
Definition
1. Osteoprogenitor
2. Osteblast
3. Osteocyte
4. Osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
| What is Osteoprogenitor and where is it found and what does it do? |
|
Definition
It is a type of bone cell
Stem Cells
It is found in the periosteum and endosteum
It is mitotic |
|
|
Term
| What is Osteblast, where is it found and what does it do? |
|
Definition
It is a type of bone cell
Responsible for bone growth
located and trapped in matrix and matures into osteocytes
it secretes unminerilized bone matrix, like collagen, calcium binding proteins and turns into osteoid
Mitotic |
|
|
Term
| What is an Osteocyte, where is it found and what does it do? |
|
Definition
it is a type of bone cell
it is a mature osteoblast and no longer secrets matrix but it now regulates cell activity
Non-mitotic |
|
|
Term
| What is an Osteoclast, where is it found and what does it do? |
|
Definition
a type of bone cell that is multinucleated
it purpose is to break down bone matrix to get calcium
Comes from Monocytes
secretes enzymes(break down the proteins) and acid in order to release Ca++ into the bloodstream
the bone resorbing cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 types of bone based on morphologies |
|
Definition
1. Long Bone
2. Short Bone
3. Flat Bone
4. Irregular bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example of an Irregular bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main characteristics of compact bone? |
|
Definition
Fundamental unit is Osteon (Haversion System)
35% made of collagen in order to give the bone flexability
1/2 stong as steel in compression
equally as strong in resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lamella
Lacuna
Volkman's Canal
Canaliculli |
|
|
Term
| What does the Lamella do and where is it located? |
|
Definition
it is the bone matrix ring, concentric and interstitial
in an Osteon, in compact bone |
|
|
Term
| What is Lacuna, what does it do and where is it located? |
|
Definition
The space containing the osteocyte
in Osteon in compact bone |
|
|
Term
| What is a Volkman's Canal, where is it found and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Connects blood vessels horizontally in Osteon |
|
|
Term
| What is a Canaliculli and where is it found? |
|
Definition
| It is a miscroscopic canal for oxygen and nutrients to the Osteon in compact bone |
|
|
Term
| What are the patterns of ossification in Large and Small Long Bones and Short Bones? |
|
Definition
Large Long Bones have 2 ossification centers
Small Long Bones have 1 ossification center
Short Bones DO NOT have an epiphyses |
|
|
Term
| What are the starting material of Intramembranous Ossification? and what bone type? |
|
Definition
Mesenchyme
Flat and Irregular |
|
|
Term
| What is the starting material of Endochondrial Ossification and what bone type? |
|
Definition
Hylaine cartilage
Long/Short |
|
|
Term
| what is the Epiphyseal plate? |
|
Definition
| The zone of resting cartilage (aka Epiphyseal plate/growth plate) |
|
|
Term
| Process of Epiphyseal Plate growth |
|
Definition
1. Zone of mitotic cartilage expands the plate
2. Zone of hypertrophy where the cells enlarge
3. Zone of calcified matrix is invaded by OP,OB, and OC and the cartilage is turned to bone
4. Ossification zone= New bone |
|
|
Term
| Intramembranous Ossification |
|
Definition
starting material is Mesenchyme and makes Flat Irregular bones, does not have cartilage so not as large/strong as others made by Endochondrial Ossification
1 of 2 types of fetal development of bones |
|
|
Term
| Endochondrial Ossification |
|
Definition
1 of 2 types of fetal development of bones
Starting material is Hylaine Cartialge and it makes up Long/short bones |
|
|
Term
| Name the 5 structures in a Long Bones |
|
Definition
1. Epiphysis
2. Diaphysis
3. Red and yellow bone marrow
4. Periosteum
5. Endosteum |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of an epiphysis in a long bone? |
|
Definition
| articulates with other bones here ; allows a bone to increase its diameter during periods of growth, contains the epipyseal plate for growth |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Diaphysis in a long bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Red and yellow bone marrow in a long bone? |
|
Definition
| Red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells arise in red marrow; some white blood cells develop in yellow marrow. The color of yellow marrow is due to the much higher number of fat cells. Both types of bone marrow contain numerous blood vessels and capillaries |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a Periosteum in a long bone? |
|
Definition
| dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Endosteum in a long bone? |
|
Definition
| vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of long bones |
|
|
Term
| Describe the processes of intrammbranous Ossification |
|
Definition
| a sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue; stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts which begin laying down bone matrix in a spongy bone pattern to replace the fibrous membrane model; several such centers of ossification expand until they meet and fuse; eventually the entire structure matures to have compact bone on the outer surface and spongy bone in the interior |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Process of Endochondrial Ossification? |
|
Definition
| a mass of dense fibrous connective tissue; stem cells differentiate into chondroblasts which begin laying down hyaline cartilage matrix in a pattern to replace the fibrous connective tissue model; then osteoclasts and blood vessels penetrate the cartilage while other stem cells follow and differentiate into osteoblasts which begin laying down bone matrix in a spongy bone pattern to replace the cartilage model; several such centers of ossification expand until they meet and fuse; eventually the entire structure matures to have compact bone on the outer surface and to have spongy bone and possibly a marrow space in the interior. |
|
|
Term
| Why do bones have projections, depressions, and openings? |
|
Definition
| for sites of muscle attachment, ligament, tendon, joint surfaces, and conduits for nerves and blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| List and Describe the steps of bone healing? |
|
Definition
1. Hematoma forms
2. Fibrocartilaginous Callus Forms
3. Bony Callus Forms
4. Bone remodeling Occurs |
|
|
Term
| What cells are needed during each step of bone healing? |
|
Definition
1. Areolar connective tissue, Red Blood Cells, and White Blood Cells
2. Chondroblasts and Fibroblasts
3. Ostoeblasts and Osteoclats
4. Same as step 3 |
|
|
Term
| What is Distraction Osteogenesis and what are the steps of the process/ |
|
Definition
| Purposely breaking the bones to regrow them to the longer/taller |
|
|
Term
| Name and describe the steps for Distraction Osteogenesis? |
|
Definition
1. Corticotomy- where you fracture the bone into segments and then move them apart
2. New bone forms in the gap
3. Consolidation phase allows the bone to heal |
|
|
Term
| What is the medical purposes of Distraction Osteogenesis? |
|
Definition
| Correct jaw deformities, adds height |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 main functions of the axial skeleton? |
|
Definition
1. Forms longitudinal axis of the body
2. Supports the head/neck/ and trunk
3. Protects the brain, spinal cord, and organs of the thorax |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 main bones of the Axial skeleton? |
|
Definition
1. Skull
2. Hyoid Bone
3. Ribs
4. Vertebra
5. Ear Ossicles |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 types of cranial bones? |
|
Definition
1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Occipital
4. Temporal
5. Sphenoid
6. Ethmoid |
|
|
Term
| How many total cranial bones are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the cranial bones have more then 1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 8 facial bones? |
|
Definition
1. Mandible
2. Vomer
3. Maxilla
4. Palatine
5. Zygomtic
6. Lacrimal
7. Nasal
8. Inferior Nasal Concha |
|
|
Term
| How many total facial bones are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 main functions of the skull? |
|
Definition
1. Framework of the face
2. Cavities for special sense organs of sight, hearing, taste, and smell
3. Openings for air and food passage
4. Secure the teeth
5. Anchor the facial muscles of expression |
|
|
Term
| What bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Ear Ossicles, what structure do they derive from and what is their function? |
|
Definition
They act a lever to amplify and transmit sound waves
Develop from the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches
Malleus (hammer)
Stapes (stirrup)
Incus (anvil) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 types of vertebrae? |
|
Definition
Cervical
Thoratic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx |
|
|
Term
| How many of each of the 5 types of vertebra are there? |
|
Definition
Cervical-7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-5 fused into 1
Coccyx- 4 fused into 1 |
|
|
Term
| Which 2 of the 5 vertebras are fused? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the structures of the Cervical Vertebrae? |
|
Definition
Foramine (holes) in transverse process
-Atlas (C1) supierior articular facet, the occipital condyle sit in, this holds the head
-Axis has an Odontoid process (dens) that allows to head to pivot and DOES NOT have a transerve foramina |
|
|
Term
| What are the structures of the Thoracic Vertebrae? |
|
Definition
the Spinous Process in angled inferiorly
the Body is heart shaped
All articulate with Ribs |
|
|
Term
| What are the structures of the Lumbar Vertebrae? |
|
Definition
| The spinous process is short and hatchet shaped |
|
|
Term
| What are the structures of the Sacrum? |
|
Definition
5 fused vertebrae
triangular shaped bone with sacrial forrena |
|
|
Term
| What are the structures of the Coccyx? |
|
Definition
4 fused vertebrae
beak shaped with No holes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an obvious curving in of the "soft spot" in an infant's head. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Anterior Fontanelles? |
|
Definition
is the largest fontanelle, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture;
The fontanelle allows the skull to deform during birth to ease its passage through the birth canal and for expansion of the brain after birth. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the features of a skull of a newborn, why is it that way? |
|
Definition
They have Anterior Fontanelles
In order to be able to pass through the birth canal safely and allow the brain to expand and develop right |
|
|
Term
| What does the lumbar curve begin to develop in infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spine of infants is originally like what? |
|
Definition
convex from posterior
primary curvature |
|
|
Term
| As an infant begins to hold up it's head what develops? |
|
Definition
The cervical portion becomes concave from posterior
secondary curvature |
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of true ribs are there? and what kind of catilage? |
|
Definition
7
individual costal cartilage |
|
|
Term
| How many false ribs are there? and what kind of cartilage? |
|
Definition
3
shared coastal cartilage |
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of floating robs are there and what kind of catilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the structures of the ribs that articulate with the structures on thoracic vertebrae? |
|
Definition
The head of the ribs articulate with the superior and inferior costal facet
Tubercle of rib articulates with transverse costal facet |
|
|
Term
| Define appendicular skeleton |
|
Definition
| the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs. |
|
|
Term
| What bones are in the pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you tell the difference between a male and female pelvis? |
|
Definition
| Female pelvic regions are more circular and the pelvic bone is smaller and wider. Male pelvic cavities, in contrast, are not as shallow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Articulations between bones, this is also the weakest part of the skeleton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the branch of medicine that deals with muscles, bones, and joints |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 classifications of joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 functions of joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many bones come together at the hip joint? |
|
Definition
4 total
pelvis = 3
and femur = 1 |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 subcategories of Structural Joints? |
|
Definition
1. Fibrous
2. Catilaginous
3. Synovial |
|
|
Term
| Fibrous Joints description |
|
Definition
made of dense connective tissue
regular and irregular dense connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| Cartilaginous Joint description? |
|
Definition
| made of hyaline and fibrocartilage |
|
|
Term
| Synovial Joint Description |
|
Definition
| has a synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of Functional Joints? |
|
Definition
1. Synartharotic
2. Amphiarthrotic
3. Diarthrotic |
|
|
Term
| Synartharotic Joint description |
|
Definition
| no movement (functional type) |
|
|
Term
| Amphiarthrotic Joint description |
|
Definition
| slight movement (functional type) |
|
|
Term
| Diarthrotic Joint description |
|
Definition
| free movement (functional type) |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Fibrous Joints |
|
Definition
Sutures in the skull
Gomphosis in the teeth/jaw
Syndesmosis- the distal end of tibia and fibula |
|
|
Term
| The length of a ligament determines what? |
|
Definition
| the mobility of the joint |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Cartilaginous Joints |
|
Definition
1. Symphysis (pubic symphysis), has firbrocartilage sandwhiched between hyaline cartilage
2. Synchondrosis- in the epiphyseal plate made of hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Term
| What type of cartilage is not a part of joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 Examples of Synovial Joints |
|
Definition
1. Plane
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. Condyloid
5. Saddle
6. Ball and Socket |
|
|
Term
| Plane Joint, type, examples and number of planes it moves across? |
|
Definition
Synovial Joint
Carpals and Tarsals
Non-Axial |
|
|
Term
| Hinge Joint type, examples and number of planes it moves across? |
|
Definition
Synovial
Elbow and Knee
Uni-axial |
|
|
Term
| Pivot Joint type, examples and number of planes it moves across? |
|
Definition
Synovial
Atalas and Axis and Radius
Uni-Axial |
|
|
Term
| Condyloid Joint, type, examples and number of planes it moves across? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Saddle Joint type, examples and number of planes it moves across? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ball and Socket Joint, type, examples and number of planes it moves across? |
|
Definition
Synovial Joint
hip and shoulder
Tri-Axial |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to be tri-Axial? |
|
Definition
It means it moves across all 3 places
anterior/posterior
lateral/medial
and rotation |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Synarthrotic Joints? |
|
Definition
| Sutures in the skull Gomphosis Syndesmoses |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Amphiarthrotic Joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of Diarthrotic Joints? |
|
Definition
Free movement
All synovial Joints |
|
|
Term
| Describe the general anatomy of a Synovial Joint |
|
Definition
| You have the bone the has articular Cartilage at the end, then you have the ligament and inside the ligament there is a joint cavity that contains the synovial fluid, there is a synovial membrane the secrets the synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
| What structure on the bone do these ligaments attach too? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose(s) of Synovial Fluid? |
|
Definition
1. Compression
2. Reduces friction aka lubricant
3. Nourishment because the cartilage is avascular
4. Immune function (phagocytic cells) |
|
|
Term
| Name the Accessory Structures of Synovial Joints |
|
Definition
1. Fatty Pads, these are found in the hip and knee
2. Articular discs- the meniscus
3. Bursae- ball bearings, these are fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane
4. Tendon Sheaths- bursae with tendon in between like the bun of a hot dig |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to be double jointed? |
|
Definition
| Means that the reinforcing ligaments and joint capsules are more stretchy then normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structural classification of short ligament that connects to bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of cartilaginous joint that is a hyaline sandwhich between 2 layers of fibrocartilage, this is found in pubic symphasis and in between the vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of Cartilaginous Joint, made of Hyaline Cartilage and epipyseal plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of Structural Joint that has a synovial membrane present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of functional joint that allows NO MOVEMENT |
|
|
Term
| What structures secret synovial fluid? |
|
Definition
1. Tendon Seath
2. Synovial Membrane
3. Bursae |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue holds a gomphosis joint together? |
|
Definition
| Regular Dense Connective Tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the Functional Classification of a synchondrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 5 main types of synovial joint movements |
|
Definition
1. Gliding
2. Angular
3. Rotation
4. Circumduction
5. Special |
|
|
Term
| Describe Gliding movement and example |
|
Definition
sliding back and forth
does NOT cross an axis
found in Tarsals, Carpals, and flat articular processes of vertebrae
gliding movement of wrist |
|
|
Term
| Describe Angular Joint Movement and examples |
|
Definition
Crosses 1 axis
can be Abduction which is taken away or adduction which is closer too
or Flexion-decreases the angle between the bones
extension-increase the angle between the bones
hyperextension- over extension
example is to raise and lower arm |
|
|
Term
| Describe Rotation joint movement and examples |
|
Definition
| piviots over 1 axis, example radius and ulna and C1 and C2 vertebra |
|
|
Term
| Describe Circumduction joint movement and examples |
|
Definition
proximal end stays put and distal end moves in a circle
example is finger, wrist and shoulder |
|
|
Term
| Describe Special Joint Movement and examples |
|
Definition
elevation and depression
example is your mandible when you open and close mouth
protraction and retraction
example is your mandible when you stick chin out/back
Inversion/Eversion
Example turn ankle medial (in) and turn ankle laterally (out)
like a kicker in football
Pronation/Supination
Example is radius and Ulna and Forearm |
|
|
Term
| What are the general characteristics of muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
| 1. Excitability- meaning can receive and respond to stimuli 2. Contractility- meaning it can shorten and lengthen 3. Extensibility – stretch 4. Elasticity- return to original shape 5. 1 of the 4 types of major muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| What are the main functions of muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
1. Motion
2. Maintain posture
3. Heat Production – example shivering |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of muscle Fibers? |
|
Definition
A. Skeletal- striated and voluntary
B. Cardiac- striated and involuntary
C. Smooth- unstriated and involuntary |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of attachment muscle tissue can have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Directs Muscle attachment |
|
Definition
| the epimysium is fused to the pericardium of the bone |
|
|
Term
| What is indirect muscle attachment? |
|
Definition
| tendons or aponeuroses (connective tissue of muscle attachment to connective tissue of bone or other muscle) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of tissues found in skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
a) Arteries, veins, and capillaries
b) Nerves
c) Muscle Tissue
d) Connective Tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made of dense connective tissue, and it covers all skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of fascia? |
|
Definition
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium |
|
|
Term
| What is Epimysium and where is it found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Perimysium and where is it found? |
|
Definition
| the fascia covering fascicles |
|
|
Term
| What is Endomysium and where is it found? |
|
Definition
| the fascia covering fibers |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of fascia? |
|
Definition
- Keeps muscles from overstretching and return to shape
- Carries blood vessels and nerves to individual fibers (muscle cells) |
|
|
Term
| What makes some meat tough and some meat tender? |
|
Definition
| The amount of dense connective tissue and collagen/ aka the amount of fascia surrounding the muscle. Younger animals have less connective tisuue in their forming muscles. Pigs are killed at a younger age than cows, making their meat more tender. |
|
|
Term
| Muscle Cells general characteristics |
|
Definition
-larger than most other cells (10 to 100 um in diameter and up to 30 cm long)
-have multiple nuclei
-Myofibrils- the organelle
-Myofilament (proteins=molecular level) |
|
|
Term
| Which layer of connective tissue is found between connecting organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is not a charactiertics of muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
| Only moves when it contracts |
|
|
Term
| What is a Sarcolemma, what is it a part of? |
|
Definition
plasma membrane of muscle fiber
part of Muscle Fiber
contains T-tubules |
|
|
Term
| What are T-tubules and where are they found? |
|
Definition
extention of membrane into the deepest part of the myofibrils. Transmit impulses
in the Sarcolemma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cytoplasm of muscle fibers |
|
|
Term
| Myofiliaments, what 2 types? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional unit of skeletal muscle (from Z-line to Z-line) |
|
|
Term
| What is the Sarcoplasmic reticulum? |
|
Definition
| a smoother ER around the myofibrils that store, regulate, and release calcium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anchor for thin filaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (middle) anchor for thick filaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| actin only (Z-line is the center of the I-band) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (hele “bright”) area of myosin where no actin overlaps |
|
|
Term
| Steps of contration of Sarcomere |
|
Definition
1. the I-Bands shorten
2. The distance between the z-lines shortens
3. the H-zones shrinks to almost nothing
4. A-Bands move closer together but remain the same length |
|
|
Term
| What are the levels of organization in reference to the muscle cell anatomy? |
|
Definition
1. Muscle-coverd by the epimyosium
2. Fascia- a part of the muscle covered by the perimysium
3. Muscle Fiber- Muscle cell, surronded by endomysium
4. Sarcomere- a part of the muscle cell, made of myofilametns
5. Myofilaments/Filaments- contractile unit, 2 types thin and thick |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a discrete bunch of muscle cells covered by a tissue sheath (perimysium) |
|
|
Term
| What are the unique structures of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? |
|
Definition
it is one of 2 structures over the sarcomere
A smooth endoplasmic reticulum that surrounds the myofibrils
b) Most SR tubules run horizontally along the myofibril and communicate along the H-zone
c) Terminal cisterns run perpendicular at the A-band I-band junctions
d.) Closely associated with SR are mitochondria and glycogen granules
e) Store and release calcium to initiate contraction |
|
|
Term
| What are the the unique structures of the sarcolemma? |
|
Definition
contains T-tubules
a) extension of sarcolemma (a plasma membrane) at the A-band I-band junction
b) sandwiched between 2 terminal cisterns to form a triad
c) encircle each sarcomere
d) allow signals to be transmitted through the muscle cells and initiate SR to release calcium |
|
|
Term
| What cellular structures would be used to transmit signals between the SR and T-tubules? |
|
Definition
| Integral plasma membrane proteins and gap junctions |
|
|
Term
| What 2 proteins are on actin? |
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Definition
1. Troponin- large protein molecules on actin ends
2. Tropomyosin- rod shaped protein that spirals around actin and block myosin sites |
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Term
| What are the bones of the pectoral girdle? |
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Definition
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Term
| The anatomy of the shoulder joint? |
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Definition
4 ligaments
5 tendons
Coracohumeral ligament- superior
biceps tendon- superior
glenohumeral ligament- anterior
rotator cuff- posterior |
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Term
| What is the anatomy of the hip joint? |
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Definition
| 20+ ligaments and tednons that corkscrew femur to coxal bone |
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Term
| What is the anatomy of the knee joint? |
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Definition
Largest most complex joint in the body
made of 3 joints
1. Femonpopatellar joint
2. Tissofemond Joint
3. Medial Joint |
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Term
| What are the 4 main tendons/ligaments of the should joint and their positions? |
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Definition
Coracohumeral ligament- superior
biceps tendon- superior
glenohumeral ligament- anterior
rotator cuff- posterior |
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Term
| What are the 3 main joints that make up the knee joint? |
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Definition
1. Femonpopatellar joint
2. Tissofemond Joint
3. Medial Joint |
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Term
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Definition
loss of bone mass, bones become weaker
happens with age
can be prevented with excersie and medication and calcium |
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Term
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Definition
caused by a bump to the head
may be fatal if brain swells
can cause nausea, loss of consciousness, amnsia, headaches |
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Term
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Definition
| aka hunchback, rounded spinal curve |
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Term
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Definition
| is the inward curvature of a portion of the lumbar and cervical vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
| is an abnormal curving of the spine |
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Term
| Carpal tunnel syndrome is? |
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Definition
the transverse carpal ligament covers the carpals making a tunnel, in this tunnel their are nerves and tendons, overuse can cause these tendons to swell and this swelling cause pressure on the median nerve causing pain
treatments are stretches and a splint |
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Term
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Definition
| disease where the immune system cause inflammation in the joints |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
s the most common joint disorder, which is due to aging and wear and tear on a joint.
If the cartilage breaks down and wears away, the bones rub together. This causes pain, swelling, and stiffness.
ony spurs or extra bone may form around the joint. The ligaments and muscles around the joint become weaker and stiffer. |
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