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| Joints formed by a solid mass of connective tissue between neighboring bones (syn=together). |
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| Have connective tissue masses of dense irregular connective tissue. (synarthroses) |
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| Uses some form of cartilage as the connecting tissue between the bones. (synarthroses) |
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| Movable joints whose classification is based upon the structure of the joint surfaces. All share a common design feature of a joint capsule surrounding a lubricated synovial cavity. |
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| Synonyms for capsular joints with a lubricated joint cavity. |
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| Stretch resistant integral parts of joints composed of dense connective tissues that bind one bone to another. Serve as intrinsic binding structures of the joint itself or as extrinsic stabilizing bands which limit range of motion. |
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| A LIGAMENT term that refers to the forcible wreching or twisting of a joint that stretches or tears its ligaments but does not dislocate the bones. |
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| A MUSCLE term that refers to the stretching or partial tearing of skeletal muscle or tendon. It often occurs when a muscle contracts suddenly and powerfully. |
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| Synarthroses in which the neighboring bones are joined together by a solid mass of dense irregular connective tissue. |
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| Fibrous joint found only between bones of the skull. |
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| Fibrous joint. Example: between proximal and distal ends of the leg bones. |
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| Fibrous joint. Found between the paired long bones of the forearm and leg. |
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| Synarthroses where adjacent bones are held together by a solid connective tissue mass composed of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. Allow little or no movement. |
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| Synovial joint feature. Surrounded by a connective tissue capsule that connects the articulating bones. |
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| Reduces friction, absorbs shock. Synovial joint feature. |
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| Surrounds joint, thickenings in fibrous capsule called ligaments. Synovial joint feature. |
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| Inner lining of capsule. Secretes synovial fluid containing hyaluronic acid (slippery), brings nutrients to articular cartilage. |
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| Limited range of motion. (joint type) |
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| Characterized by a change in the angle between articulating bones. (joint type) |
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| Only movable joint of the skull. |
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| Attatch to hair follicles in skin, in walls of hollow organs( blood vessels and GI), nonstriated in appearance, and involuntary. |
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| Attatches to bone, skin or fascia. Striated with light and dark bands visible with scope. Voluntary control of contraction and relaxation. |
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| Striated in appearance, involuntary control, autorhythmic because of built in pacemaker. |
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| Muscular tissue accounts for this much total body mass. |
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| An extension of three connective tissue layers that surround the different organizational levels of a skeletal muscle. 1.Muscle fibers and surrounded by endomysium. 2. Muscle fascicles are surrounded by perimysium. 3. Muscle bundles are surrounded by epimysium. |
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| Every muscle cell developed from the fusion of this in the fetus. |
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| What muscle cells cannot do. |
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| What muscle growth is the result of. |
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| Retain the ability to regenerate new cells. |
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| Diameter of muscle fiber. |
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| decrease in size and strength. |
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| plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber. |
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| extensions of the sarcolemma that tunnel throughout the muscle fiber, are open to the outside, are filled with ISF and are electrically gated. |
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| Cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber. |
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| Nonmembrane bound organelles. They are 50x smaller in diameter than the muscle fiber (2um), and extend the entire length of the muscle fiber. |
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| (SR) is like smooth endoplasmic reticulum in non-muscle cells. Stores Ca^++ until needed. Release of Ca^++ into the sarcoplasm couples electrical excitation to muscle contraction. |
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Made of thick filaments and thin filaments which in turn are made of protein.
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| The functional unit of contraction. |
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| Thick filaments and overlapping thin filaments. |
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| space between the ends of the thin filaments. |
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| Contractile, Regulatory proteins, and structural proteins. |
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Definition
Myofibrils are built from these 3 proteins.
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| the major component of thick filaments |
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| the major component of thin filaments |
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| anchors the thick filament to the z line and the m line (structural protein) |
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| forms the m-line and separates the thick filaments |
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| connects the sarcolemma transferring the force of contration from the contractile proteins. |
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| Nerves typically enter a muscle with blood vessels as a unit called what? |
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| individual cells (neurons) that innervate skeletal muscle fibers. |
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| Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) |
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| The point of near-contact between a somatic motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber. |
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| Each muscle fiber has one NMJ, yet the axon of a somatic motor neuron branches out and forms NMJs with many different muscle fibers. A somatic motor neuron plus all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates. |
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| Toxin that blocks release of neurotransmitter as the NMJ so muscle contractions cannot occur. |
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| Plant poision. Causes muscle paralysis by blocking the ACh receptors. Used to relax muscle during surgery or reduction of dislocation such as at hip joint. |
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| (anticholinesterase agent). Blocks removal of ACh from receptors so strengthens weak muscle contractions of myasthenia gravis. Also an antidote for currare after surgery is finished. Organophosphate insecticides like malathion or DDT act in the same manner. |
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| At high levels an industrial insecticide. Mimics ACh. Flaccid paralysis and death. No enzyme to degrade their contraction. |
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| State of muscular rigidity that begins 3-4 hours after death and lasts about 24 hours. |
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| tension developed by the muscle remains almost constant while the muscle changes its length. |
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| Concentric Isotonic Contraction |
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| If the tension created is enough to overcome the resistance of the object to be moved, the muscle shortens to produce movement. |
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| Eccentric Isotonic Contraction |
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| When the length of a muscle increases during contraction. |
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| The tension generated is not enough to exceed the resistance of the object to be moved and the muscles do not change in length. |
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| Contract without stimulation. CONTRACTS 75 times per min and needs lots of O2. Larger mitochondria generate ATP aerobically. Sustained contraction possible due to slow Ca+2 delivery. Ca+2 channels to the extracellular fluid may open. |
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| Single Unit Smooth Muscle |
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Definition
| In the walls of hollow viscera and small BV. Autorhythmic. Gap junctions cause fibers to contract in unison. |
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| Individual fibers with own motor neuron ending. Found in large arteries, large airways, arrector pili muscles, iris and ciliary blood. |
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| A connective tissue composed of a liquid protion called plasma and a cellular portion consisting of various cells and cell fragments. |
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| Produce two further types of stem cells, myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells. |
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| Begin and complete their development in red bone marrow and give rise ro red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. |
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| BEgin their development in red bone marrow but complete it in lymphatic tissues, they give rise to lymphocytes. |
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| Produced in cells in the kidneys that lie between the kidney tubules (peritublar interstitial cells) |
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| A hormone produced by the liver that stimulates the formation of platelets (thrombocytes) from megakaryocytes. |
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