Term
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Definition
| study of microscopic structures of tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a group or layer of cells that perform specific functions. |
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Term
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Definition
epithelium
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nerve tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| cohesive sheet of cells that lines all body surfaces (with exceptions) and forms the functional units of secretory glands |
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Term
| body surfaces not covered by epithelial cells |
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Definition
| articular cartilage, enamel of tooth and anterior surface of iris |
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Term
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Definition
| ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm |
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Term
| basic functions of epithelium |
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Definition
| protection ( skin) , absorption (small and large intestines) transport of material at the surface (mediated by cilia) , secretion (glands), excretion (tubules of the kidneys) , gas exchange (lung alveolus) and gliding between surfaces (mesothelium) . |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| avascular, and receives nutrients via diffusion |
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Term
epithelial cells are primarily matrix
t/f |
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Definition
| False, highly cellular with almost no matrix |
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Term
| cohesive nature of epithelium |
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Definition
| maintained by cell adhesion molecules and junctional complexes. |
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Term
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Definition
| basement membrane beneath epithelial cells, to which the cells are anchored |
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Term
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Definition
| on epithelial cells, the structures for protection and absorption. microvilli, cilia, and stereo cilia |
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Term
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Definition
| on epithelial cells, structures needed to anchor epithelial cells together, e.g. Occluding Junctions, Desmosomes and Cell – Cell attachment. |
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Term
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Definition
on epithelial cells, structures to anchor cells to the basement membrane.
e.g. cell to extracellular matrix junctions and basal cell membrane |
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Term
| simple squamous epithelium |
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Definition
single layer of uniform flat cells.
held together by tight junction
nucleus is flat and oval, lies in the center. |
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Term
| locations of simple squamous epithelial cells |
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Definition
blood vessels (endothelium)
Body cavities ( mesothelium)
Bowman's capsule of the kidneys
Alveoli of lungs |
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Term
| major functions of simple squamous epithelium |
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Definition
Fluid transport ( e.g. kidney)
Gas Exchange ( lung alveolus)
Lubrication ( e.g. mesothelium) |
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Term
| simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
| A single layer of cube-shaped cells having a central round nucleus |
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Term
| locations of simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
small ducts of exocrine glands
Most of the kidney tubules.
Thyroid Follicles |
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Term
| simple cuboidal epithelium functions |
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Definition
| Protection , Absorption , Secretion and Conduit. |
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Term
| simple columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| long rectangular cells each of which rests on the basement membrane , has an ovoid nucleus located basally |
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Term
| location of simple columnar epithelium |
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Definition
: lining the stomach,
intestines , gall bladder, uterus, oviducts. |
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Term
| major functions of simple columnar epithelium |
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Definition
protection, secretion, absorption and transport .
have microvilli and ciliaon apical surface |
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Term
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Definition
found in the cells lining the intestine and stomach
increase surface area for absorption/secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| transport matter along the cell surface and are found on columnar cells lining the oviduct |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more layers, with surface layer used for classification |
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Term
stratified squamous epithelium
-categories |
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Definition
-keratinized
-nonkeratinized |
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Term
| non keratinized stratified squamous epitheliulm - where found? Function? |
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Definition
-lining MOIST cavities (oral cavity, esophagus...)
--provides a protective barrier |
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Term
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-where found?
-describe |
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Definition
-found in epidermis of skin
-surface layers of dead cells filled with keratin and no nucleus |
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Term
stratified cuboidal epithelium
-where found? |
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Definition
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Term
stratified columnar epithelium
-where found? |
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Definition
-conjuctiva of the eye
-ducts of some large glands |
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Term
pseudo stratified epithelium
-describe
-function |
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Definition
-appears stratified, with nuclei at different heights, but all cells are attached to the basal lamina
-may have cilia
-function: : protection , motility , and sensory perception |
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Term
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
-where found? |
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Definition
--in much of the RESPIRATORY TRACT
(trachea, primary bronchi, nasal cavity) |
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Term
non ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
-where found? |
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Definition
| in ducts of male urethra and epididymis. |
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Term
transitional epithelium
-function
-general composition
-where found?> |
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Definition
-intracellular plaques form barrier between urine and underlying tissue.
-Composed of 2-6 layers of cells , found exclusively in the portions of urinary system , where it lines the urinary bladder , ureter and parts of urethra. |
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Term
transitional epithelum
-morphology |
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Definition
-Lower cell layers are cuboidal but apical layers can be variable in shape .
-bladder full: apical cells flatten
-bladder empty: apical cells have rounded dome |
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Term
epithelial glands
-position/location
-tyoes |
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Definition
-epithelial outgrowths into underlying connective tissue
1. exocrine gland (connected to the surface by excretory duct)
2. endocrine gland (ductless, product released into blood) |
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Term
| glands classified based on |
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Definition
1. duct system
2. secretory region
3. types of secretions
4. secretion mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
-simple gland: single duct
-compound gland: multiple ducts |
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Term
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Definition
-Tubular gland
-alveolar gland |
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Term
| Glands: types of secretions (& examples) |
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Definition
-Serous (pancreas, parotid)
-Mucus (sublingual gland)
-mixed (submandibular gland) |
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Term
| Glands: Secretory mechanisms (examples) |
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Definition
-Merocrine: exocytosis (pancreatic acinar cells)
-Holocrine: cell ruptures (sebaceous gland)
-Apocrine: one end of the cell pinched off (lactating mammary gland) |
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Term
connective tissue
-composition |
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Definition
-cells and extracellular matrix consisting of fibers and proteoglycans (ground substance)
-matrix secreted by cells
-highly vascularized |
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Term
| most abundant tissue in the boday |
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Definition
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Term
connective tissue cell types
(general 2) |
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Definition
1. resident cells
2. wandering cells |
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Term
| resident cells (connective tissue) |
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Definition
1. fibroblasts
2. macrophages
3. mast cells
4. adipocytes
5. adult stem cells |
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Term
| wandering cells (connective tissue) |
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Definition
1. lymphocytes
2. plasma cells
3. neutrophils
4. eosinophils
5. basophils
6. monocytes |
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Term
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Definition
aka. Palmar Fibromatosis
when myofibroblasts involved in wound healing persist and continue remodeling too long, hypertrophic scar formation occurs w/ excessive connective tissue contracture |
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Term
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Definition
connective tissue
- protein fibers arranged in parallel and in bundles.
- white/yellow in appearance
-soft, flexible, but not elastic/extendable
-boiling turns it to gelatin
-Vit C is a cofactor in synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate wound healing due to lacking Vitamin C, and thus poor collagen synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
-connective tissue
-protein fibers are thin, yellow, and stretch/return to normal |
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Term
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Definition
-connective tissue
-protein collagen and glycoproteins
-similar to collagen but thinner
-found in lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
in connective tissue, viscous gel-like material
-hyaluronic acid
-Mucopolysacharide
-mucoproteins |
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Term
embryonic connective tissue
-types, where found, structure |
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Definition
-present in embryo and umbilical cord
1. mesenchyme, embryo, spindle shaped cells and reticular fibers
2. mucous connective tissue, umbilical cord, consists of Wharton's jelly (homogeneous, jelly-like ground substance) |
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Term
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Definition
aka. areolar CT
-loosely arranged fibers and abundant cells
-beneath epithelia, lines internal surfaces
-site of inflammatory and immune responses |
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Term
| Dense irregular connective tissue |
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Definition
-abundant fibers (mainly collagen), few cells
-bundles oriented in various directions to withstand stresses
-in submucosa of intestinal tract and deeper layers of dermis |
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Term
| dense regular connective tissue |
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Definition
-ordered and densely packed arrays of fibers and cells, very little ECM
-arranged in parallel arrays for max strength
-main functional component of tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses |
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Term
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Definition
| provide a supporting framework for the cellular constituents of various tissues and organs e.g. lymph nodes. |
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Term
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Definition
-connective tissue composed of elastic fibers
-stretchy
-fibers thinner than colagen, arranged in branching pattern
-take up special dyes (orcein, resorcin- fuchsin)
-found in dermis of skin, aorta, vertebral ligaments, larynx, etc. |
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Term
adipose tissue
-role
-types |
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Definition
-plays important role in energy homeostasis
1. white adipose tissue (adults)
2. brown adipose tissue (newborn) |
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Term
white adipose tissue
-where found
-functions
-structure |
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Definition
-predominant in adults
-stores energy, insulate, cushion vital organs, and secrete hormones
-unilocular cells with a single large fat occlusion, pushes nucleus to periphery |
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Term
brown adipose tissue
-where found
-structure/components |
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Definition
-primarily in newborns, 5% of total mass, found in BACK, along upper half of the spine and towards shoulders
-multilocular cells, rich in mitochondria, surrounded by abundant blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
-hyaline
-elastic
-fibrocartilage |
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Term
hyaline cartilage
-blood supply
-structure
-where found |
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Definition
-avascular
-surrounded by perichondrium
-consists of chondrocytes surrounded by collagen matrix
-occurs in temporary skeleton of embryo, articular cartilage, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, costal cartilage |
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Term
elastic cartilage
-blood supply
-structure
-where found |
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Definition
-avascular
-surrounded by perichondrium
-consists of chondrocytes surrounded by a matrix of elastic fibers and collagen fibers. (seen under microscope when stained with orcein)
-external ear, epiglottis, auditory tube |
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Term
fibrocartilage
-blood supply
-structure
-where found |
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Definition
-avascular
-no perichondrium, consists of chondrocytes and fibroblasts surrounded by collagen fibers
-intervertebral discs, articular discs of knee, sternoclavicular joint, pubic symphysis |
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Term
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Definition
dense
found in long bone shafts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| types of bone based on organization of collagen fibers |
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Definition
-lamellar (mature bone)
-woven bone (bone repair) |
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Term
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Definition
-lamellae composed of..
-matrix
-osteocytes in lacuna
-canaliculi (radiate from lancua) |
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Term
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Definition
haversian system
-concentric lamellae around longitudinal haversian canal |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete circles between osteons |
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Term
| outer circumferential lamellae |
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Definition
| just under the periosteum |
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Term
| inner circumferential lamellae |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| longitudinal space at the center of an osteon containing blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
transverse oblique canals that connect haversian canals in bone
-contain blood vessels from marrow and periosteum |
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Term
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Definition
-osteoblast - forming
-osteoclast - remodeling |
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Term
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Definition
6-12 weeks
-first neutrtophils, then macrophages to clean up injury site
-fibroblasts and capillaries proliferate into injured site
-loose granulation tissue (scar) forms and becomes cartilage in parts. Involves fibroblasts and periosteal cells
-dense connective tissue and cartilage grow, cover the bone, and become soft callus (stabilizes and binds) |
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Term
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Definition
-fluid connective tissue circulating through cardiovascular system
-cells, their derivatives, and protein rich plasma |
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Term
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Definition
1. erythrocytes (RBC)
2.leukocytes (WBC)
3. Thrombocytes (platelets) |
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Term
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Definition
WBC
1. Granulocytes
-neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
2. agranulocytes
- lymphocytes, monocytes |
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