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Definition
| are part polar (hydrophilic) and part nonpolar (hydrophobic) |
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Definition
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Definition
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| What is the relationship between H+ and OH- when the pH is decreasing? |
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| In front of, towards the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| In back of, towards the back surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Closer to the head, above |
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Term
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Definition
| Closer to the feet, below |
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Term
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Definition
| Closer to the center of the body |
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Definition
| Away from the midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Closer to the point of attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| Further from the point of attachment |
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Definition
| Two layered serous membrane associated with the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
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Layer covers the external surface of organs (the viscera) within that cavity
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Term
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Definition
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Layer lines the internal surface of the body wall
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Definition
| Two layered serous membrane associated with the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| The reactants of an enzyme reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of an enzyme that the substrate binds to |
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Term
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Definition
| A temporary bond between the substrate and the enzyme |
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Term
| 4 major classes of organic compounds |
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Definition
| Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids |
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Term
| Primary structure of a protein |
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Definition
| The linear sequence of its amino acids, smallest form |
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Term
| Secondary structure of a protein |
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Definition
| The helix or sheet that forms when its amino acids start to interact with one another, medium size |
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Term
| Tertiary structure of a protein |
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Definition
| The final shape of the protein |
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Term
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Definition
| A large protein comprise of smaller proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Phospholipids and glycolipids, fatty acids, glycerides, steroids, and eicosanoids |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, and deoxyribose |
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Term
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Definition
| Sucrose, lactose, and maltose |
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Term
| What monosaccharides is sucrose composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What monosaccharides is lactose composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What monosaccharides is maltose composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an amino acid composed of? |
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Definition
A central carbon atom, an amino groupe, a carboxylic group, and a radical group
[image] |
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Term
| What is an RNA nucleotide composed of? |
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Definition
A ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a base (A, G, C, U)
[image] |
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Term
| What are the nucleotide pairs? |
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Definition
A + T (DNA)
A + U (RNA)
G + C |
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Term
| What is a DNA nucleotide composed of? |
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Definition
| A deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a base (A, G, C, T) |
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Term
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Definition
| The copying of DNA to form RNA |
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Term
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Definition
The first process in transcription where the DNA is unwound by enzymes to expose a segment of a gene; RNA polymerase attaches to promoter region of the gene.
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| The second stage of transcription where RNA polymerase assists with complementary base pairing of free ribonucleotides with exposed bases of the template strand of DNA. Hydrogen bonds form between bases of DNA and the newly forming RNA molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| The final stage of transcription where RNA polymerase reaches the terminal region of the gene; newly formed RNA strand is released from the DNA strand which rewinds back into a double helix. |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Protein production by ribosomes, newly formed proteins are released, transports protein to golgi apparatus |
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Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Metabolic processes, synthesis, transport, and storage of lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification of poisons. |
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Term
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Definition
| The conversion of information contained in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids that make a protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Warehouse" of the cell; modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins, and formation of secretory vesicles and lysosomes, |
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Term
| Two forms of cell division |
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Definition
| Mitosis; somatic cell division, and Meiosis; cell division in sex vells |
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Term
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Definition
| Interphase (G1, S, G2), M phase, Cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of cell division where DNA is replicated, duplicated chromosomes appear as sister chromatids, two strands remaining attached at centromere |
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Term
| What are the phases of M phase of cell division? |
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Definition
| Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
| First stage of mitosis, centriole pairs pushed apart, chromatids form |
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Term
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Definition
| Second stage of mitosis, chromosomes line up in the middle, spindle fibers from centrioles attach to centromere of chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| Starts as spindle fibers move sister chromatids apart toward poles, cytokinesis begins |
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Term
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Definition
| Arrival of new chromosomes at each pole, new nucleolus formed, cleavage furrow begins to form from cytokinesis |
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Term
| Passive Transport Processes (3 types) |
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Definition
| Simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
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Term
| Active Transport Processes (3 types) |
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Definition
| Primary active transport, secondary active transport, and vesicular (bulk) transport |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration. O2, CO2, and water use simple diffusion. Water follows the movement of solutes to maintain homeostasis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water passes through pores created by transmembrane proteins called aquaporins |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of transmembrane proteins and ion channels to help small solutes go through the pohspholipid portion. Ion channels and carrier mediated transport bring the solutes through. |
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Term
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Definition
| http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yz7EHJFDEJs |
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Term
| Secondary Active Transport |
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Definition
| glucose is transported up its gradient, against that of sodium, which carries it through the pmp into the cell. |
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Term
| Vesicular (Bulk) Transport |
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Definition
| Uses the processes of exocytosis and endocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| A process of Vesicular Transport that is the ejection of materials from the cell by fusion of a cytplasmic vesicle with the plasma membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process of Vesicular Transport in which material is pulled into the cell by pinching off of membran from the surface. Variations include pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA cell drinking. A process of endocytosis in which the cell "drinks in" extracellular fluid and small solutes that come with it, unspecific. |
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Term
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis |
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Definition
| A process of endocytosis where the cell selects specific large molecules from outside the cell and brings them into the cell. Basically selective pinocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process of endocytosis in which microbes taken up by the cell are destroyed by a phagolysosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular |
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Term
| Characteristics of Epithelial sheets |
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Definition
- cells are polarized
- little space between cells
- tightly held together by junctions
- avascular
- specialized for absorption or protection
- continuous rate of cell division |
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Term
| Location of major surfaces of epithelial cells (apical, lateral, basal) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
One type of connection between epithelial cells. Membrane proteins from adjacent cells line up to form a channel.
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
A type of connection between epithelial cells where the plasma membranes of adjacent cells are "fused" together by membrane proteins.
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
A type of connection between epithelial cells where adjacent cells are joined by membrane proteins and a glue-like material.
[image] |
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Term
| Two types of epithelial sheets |
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Definition
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Term
| Three types of epithelial cells |
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Definition
Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Releases hormones into surrounding fluid to be picked up and carried away to the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Secretes through ducts onto the surface of the organ. Three types merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine. |
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Term
| Connective Tissue Functions |
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Definition
- creating a structural framework by surrounding, supporting, and joining tissues
- protecting delicate organs
- storing energy reserves (fat)
- transporting fluids and dissolved materials (blood, lymph)
- defending the body from microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
A type of exocrine gland in which the product is packaged into secretory granules. The product is released from the cell into the duct by exocytosis. Example: salivary glands, pancreas
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
A type of exocrine gland in which the apical portion of the cell is shed, taking the product with it into the duct. Example: mammary glands
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
A type of exocrine gland in which the entire cell bursts, releasing the product into the duct, and the cell dies and needs to be replaced.
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
- found everywhere in the body: between organs, around muscles, under skin
- contains different cell types
- contains 3 basic fiber types, but in differing proportions
- contains a ground substance which is syrupy in consistency |
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Term
| Types of Connective Tissue Proper Cells |
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Definition
- fibroblasts - the primary cell type; produce fibers and most components of ground substance
- macrophages-clean-up cells
- adipocytes - fat cells
- mesenchymal cells - connective tissue stem cells
- melanocytes - produce and store melanin pigment
- mast cells - histamine - containing cells
- lymphocytes - disease-fighting wbc's |
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Term
| Types of loose connective tissue proper |
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Definition
| Embryonic mesenchyme (mucous connective tissues), areolar tissue, adipose tissue. |
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Term
| Two types of dense connective tissue proper |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of supporting connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hyaline (most common form), fibrocartilage, and elastic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sheets of connective tissue proper found throughout the body. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Small fluid-filled spaces within cartilage plate (around the cell) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Where diaphysis meets epiphysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive bone growth due to too much growth hormone in adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| Bones are covered with hyaline cartilage on the surfaces where they contact, and it is referred to as articular cartilage. Most associated with injury. |
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