Term
|
Definition
1. epithelial
2. muscle
3. connective
4. nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lining and coverings of free surfaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of TISSUES that work together to perform common function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of ORGANS working together for common function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| three layers of embryonic tissue that all body tissues derived from |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms linings of tubular structures of body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms muscle & connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms skin and nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layers of connective tissue that form fibrous MEMBRANE, separating muscles and organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outermost skin layer; lacks blood vessels; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, sebaceous & sweat glands. hair follicles found here too |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretes onto epidermis via ducts & pores, helps excrete nitrogenous waste and salt; cooling of body |
|
|
Term
| capillary network of skin found in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found on proximal and distal ends of LONG BONES; separated from DIAPHYSIS by EPIPHYSIAL LINE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates DIAPHYSIS from EPIPHYSIS of long bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red marrow, produces blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fascial covering of all bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| haversian canal allows for passage of ________ in bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concentric layers of bony tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that break down bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ventral rami of sacral-spinal nerves emerge from... |
|
Definition
| ventral/anterior SACRAL FORAMEN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fusion of four or five small vertebrae on "tail" of SACRUM |
|
|
Term
| 5th lumbar vertebra articulates with ____________ |
|
Definition
| superior articular surface of SACRUM |
|
|
Term
| patella is only ________ bone we'll study |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gluteus MAXIMUS
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. posterior illium; posterior lower portion of sacrum & coccyx
2. Illial-Tibial Band; Gluteal tuberosity (of femur) |
|
|
Term
Gluteus MEDIUS
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. outer surface & crest of ILLIUM
2. Greater trochanter |
|
|
Term
Gluteus MINIMUS
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. outer surface & crest of ILLIUM
2. Greater trochanter |
|
|
Term
Tensor fasciae latae
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. anterior illiac crest
2. IT band |
|
|
Term
piriformis
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. anterior sacrum
2. greater trochanter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
psoas major
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. T12 - L5
2. lesser trochanter |
|
|
Term
illiacus
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. illiac fossa
2. lesser trochanter |
|
|
Term
illiopsoas
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. ----
2. lesser trochanter |
|
|
Term
| what attaches at GREATER TROCHANTER? |
|
Definition
gluteus MEDIUS
gluteus MINIMUS
piriformis |
|
|
Term
| what attaches at GLUTEAL TUBEROSITY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what attaches at LESSER TROCHANTER? |
|
Definition
| illiopsoas (illacus & psoas major + minor) |
|
|
Term
| what extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
sartorius
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
rectus femoris
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. AIIS
2. tibial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
vastus intermedius
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. anterior shaft of upper femur
2. tibial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
vastus lateralis
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. lateral lip of LINEA ASPERA
2. tibial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
vastus medialis
1. origin
2. attachment |
|
Definition
1. medial lip of LINEA ASPERA
2. tibial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| attach to TIBIAL TUBEROSITY |
|
Definition
1. rectus femoris
2. vastus intermedius
3. vastus medialis
4. vastus lateralis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. sartorius
2. gracilis
3. semitendinosus |
|
|
Term
| originate at ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY |
|
Definition
1. biceps femoris long head
2. semitendinosus
3. semimembranosus |
|
|
Term
gracilis
1. origin
2. attachment
3. action |
|
Definition
1. pubic bone
2. UM tibia
3. adducts thigh |
|
|
Term
pectineus
1. origin
2. attachment
3. action |
|
Definition
1. pectin of pubic bone
2. upper posterior femur
3. adducts thigh |
|
|
Term
adductor LONGUS
1. origin
2. action |
|
Definition
1. pubic bone
2. adducts thigh |
|
|
Term
adductor MAGNUS
1. origin
2. action |
|
Definition
1. ISCHIUM
2. adducts thigh |
|
|
Term
adductor BREVIS
1. origin
2. action |
|
Definition
1. pubic bone
2. adducts thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis originate at PUBIS
adductor MAGNUS originates at ISCHIUM |
|
|
Term
biceps femoris
1. origin
2. attachment
3. action |
|
Definition
LONG HEAD:
origin = ischial tuberosity
attachment = head of FIBULA
SHORT HEAD
origin = shaft of femur
attachment = head of fibula
action = FLEXES LEG |
|
|
Term
semitendonosus
1. origin
2. attachment
3. action |
|
Definition
1. ischial tuberosity
2. UM tibia
3. flexes leg |
|
|
Term
semimembranosus
1. origin
2. attachment
3. action |
|
Definition
1. ischial tuberosity
2. posterior upper tibia
3. flexes leg |
|
|
Term
| biceps Femoris attaches at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| originate at ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY |
|
Definition
1. biceps femoris
2. semitendonosus
3. semimembranosus |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of MUSCLES: 4 |
|
Definition
- contractility
- irritability (respond to stimuli)
- extensability
- elasticity |
|
|
Term
| Agonist vs antagonist muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MEDULLARY CAVITY is lined by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors affecting BONE REMODELING (4) |
|
Definition
1. pressue / stress
2. hormones
3. nutrition
4. exercise / weight bearing |
|
|
Term
| epiphysial PLATE vs epiphysial LINE |
|
Definition
plate when "growth" plate is OPEN
once closed, becomes LINE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
confined entirely in one body part?
example: extensor digitorum brevis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rough bony prominence usually serving as site of attachment for muscles or connective tissue structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small vs large BLUNT or ROUNDED process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prominent border, sometimes ROUGH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hole in a bone, variable size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| round articular surface joined to the SHAFT by a NECK |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth structure (concave or convex) that is JOINED DIRECTLY to the SHAFT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth surface FOR ARTICULATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. produce movement
2. produce heat
3. maintain posture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. cardiac (striated)
2. skeletal (striated)
3. viceral (smooth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| building up of muscles; breakdown of muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fascia lata turns into CRURAL FASCIA when on the LEG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates anterior and posterior muscles of LEG |
|
|
Term
| transverse intermuscular septum |
|
Definition
| separates DEEP and SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR MUSCLES of LEG |
|
|
Term
tibialis anterior
1. action |
|
Definition
| dorsiflexion and inversion of foot |
|
|
Term
extensor digitorum longus
1. action |
|
Definition
| 1. extends digits 2-5, dorsiflexes foot |
|
|
Term
extensor hallucis longus
1. action |
|
Definition
| 1. extends hallux; dorsiflexes foot |
|
|
Term
fibularis tertius
1. action |
|
Definition
| dorsiflexes and everts foot |
|
|
Term
| shin splints -- what are they? |
|
Definition
| small tears in PERIOSTEUM where the TIBIALIS ANTERIOR attaches to the TIBIA |
|
|
Term
fibularis longus
1. action |
|
Definition
| 1. plantar flexes and everts foot |
|
|
Term
fibularis brevis
1. action |
|
Definition
| 1. plantar flexes and everts foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. "unlocks" knee for extension |
|
|
Term
flexor hallucis longus
1. action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
flexor digitorum longus
1. action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
tibialis posterior
1. action |
|
Definition
| 1. plantar flexes & inverts foot |
|
|
Term
abductor hallucis
1. action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
flexor digitorum brevis
1. action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
abductor digiti minimi
1. action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
extensor digitorum brevis
1. action |
|
Definition
| 1. extends digits 1-4**** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thick fascial covering on plantar portion of foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
fibularis tertius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. cranial nerves
2. peripheral nerves
3. ganglia
4. plexuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of nerve cell BODIES in the periphery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of nerve cell PROCESSES of VENTRAL RAMI |
|
|
Term
| functional unit of nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. unipolar
2. bipolar
3. multipolar
based on number of PROCESSES they have |
|
|
Term
| efferent neurons carry information |
|
Definition
| from CNS to periphery -- AWAY from SPINAL CORD |
|
|
Term
| afferent neurons carry info |
|
Definition
| TOWARD the CNS / SPINAL CORD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absence of SENSATION, caused when AFFERENT processes are interrupted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of muscle function caused when EFFERENT NEURON PROCESSES are interrupted |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of NEURONS 2 |
|
Definition
1. irritability
2. conductivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. microglia
2. oligodendroglia
3. astrocytes |
|
|
Term
| nerve cell BODIES are made up of _____ matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve cell PROCESSES are made up of ____ matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mylein sheath created by ________ cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covering of neuron, composed of MYLEIN SHEATH and SCHWANN CELLS that created it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fascial sheath that covers NERVES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bundle of many nerve cell PROCESSES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have both EFFERENT (motor) and AFFERENT (sensory) processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most brain tumors develop from... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AFFERENT NEURONS insert into the _________ _________ at the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EFFERENT NEURONS insert at the _____ ______ of the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many pairs of SPINAL NERVES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how any coxxygial spinal nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many SACRO-SPINAL nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many LUMBAR-SPINAL nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many THORACIC-SPINAL nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many CERVICAL-SPINAL nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which portions of SPINAL CORD are MIXED NERVES |
|
Definition
spinal nerve
ventral ramus
dorsal ramus |
|
|
Term
| what is involved in formation of NERVE PLEXUSES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DORSAL ROOT GANGLION composed of... |
|
Definition
| Nerve cell BODIES of unipolar, AFFERENT (sensory) neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve cells PROCESSES of EFFERENT (motor) neurons |
|
|
Term
| bodies of EFFERENT (motor) neurons in spinal cord found? |
|
Definition
| in the VENTRAL HORN OF THE GREY MATTER (butterfly shape) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
genitofemoral
lateral femoral cutaneous
femoral
obturator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superior gluteal
inferior gluteal
posterior lateral femoral cutaneous
sciatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tibial division and common fibular division |
|
|
Term
| LUMBAR PLEXUS formed by _____ and _______ spinal nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SACRAL PLEXUS formed by ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gluteus MAXIMUS innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gluteus MEDIUS innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gluteus MINIMUS innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tensor fascia latae innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rectus femoris innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vastus lateralus, medialis, intermedius innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. illiacus
2. sartorius
3. rectus femoris
4. vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius
5. pectineus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adductor longus innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adductor brevis innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adductor magnus innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all ADDUCTORS of thigh innervated by _____ _____ except _____ which is innervated by _______? |
|
Definition
| obturator nerve, except PECTINEUS which is innervated by FEMORAL NERVE |
|
|
Term
| biceps femoris LONG HEAD innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| biceps femoris SHORT HEAD innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| semitendonosus innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| semimembranosus innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. biceps femoris LONG HEAD
2. semimembranosus
3. semitendonosus |
|
|
Term
| all HAMSTRING (posterior thigh muscles) innervated by TIBIAL NERVE except? |
|
Definition
| biceps femoris short head |
|
|
Term
| tibialis anterior innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extensor digitorus longus innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extensor hallucis longus innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fibularis tertius innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deep fibular nerve innervates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral leg muscles innervated by? |
|
Definition
| superficial FIBULAR nerve |
|
|
Term
| fibularis longus & fibularis brevis innervated by? |
|
Definition
| superficial FIBULAR nerve |
|
|
Term
| posterior crural muscles innervated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
biceps femoris long head
semimembranosus
semitendonosus
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
| tibial nerve innervates all ______ muscles of ______ except |
|
Definition
| posterior muscles of LEG and THIGH *biceps femoris SHORT HEAD |
|
|
Term
| deep fibular nerve innervates all ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| popliteus and plantaris innervated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deep posterior crural muscles innervated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extensor digitorum brevis innervated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extensor digitorum brevis |
|
|
Term
| abductor hallucis innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abductor digiti minimi innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| afferent neurons are ________ neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| efferent neurons are ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar plexus includes what spinal nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sacral plexus includes what spinal nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial division of sciatic nerve includes what nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fibular division of sciatic nerve includes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerves of LUMBAR PLEXUS (6) |
|
Definition
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
genitofemoral
lateral femoral cutaneous
femoral
obturator |
|
|
Term
| nerves of SACRAL plexus (4) |
|
Definition
superior gluteal
inferior gluteal
posterior lateral femoral cutaneous
sciatic |
|
|
Term
| spinal nerve shared between SACRAL and LUMBAR PLEXUS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all anterior femoral mucles and PECTINEUS |
|
|
Term
| obturator nerve can be seen inserting into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial nerve innervates what muscle group? |
|
Definition
| posterior femoral muscles |
|
|
Term
| common fibular innervates? |
|
Definition
| SHORT HEAD of biceps femoris ONLY |
|
|
Term
| deep fibular innervates what group of muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| superficial fibular innervates what group of muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial nerve innervates what group of muscles? |
|
Definition
| all posterior crural muscles |
|
|
Term
| foot drop occurs when ___ damaged? |
|
Definition
| common fibular nerve damage, so cannot DORSIFLEX and EVERT foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior GLUTEAL muscles |
|
Definition
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae
piriformis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sartorius
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gracilis
pectineus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus |
|
|
Term
| posterior femoral muscles |
|
Definition
biceps femoris (long & short head)
semimembranosus
semitendonosus |
|
|
Term
| sprained ankle usually occurs on ____ side of ankle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor halluscis longus
fibularis tertius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis |
|
|
Term
| superficial posterior crural muscles |
|
Definition
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris |
|
|
Term
| soleus only crosses 1 joint so only acts on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deep posterior crural muscles |
|
Definition
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibial artery
posterior tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
| dorsal root ganglion made up of |
|
Definition
| UNIPOLAR nerve cell bodies of AFFERENT / SENSORY neurons |
|
|
Term
| sensory neurons are ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| special sensory cells are ____ polar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| motor cells are ___ polar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| efferent neurons insert at ______ of spinal vertebrae |
|
Definition
| ventral horn of grey matter |
|
|
Term
| afferent nerves insert at ______ of vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
red = MOTOR NERVES
blue = SENSORY NERVES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which processes are involved in forming PLEXUSES? |
|
Definition
| ventral processes from ventral ramus |
|
|
Term
| largest nerve of LUMBAR PLEXUS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve found between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve found passing under inguinal ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve found among hamstrings near pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve found between superficial and deep posterior crural muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loss of eversion of foot = damaged |
|
Definition
| superficial fibular (fibularis longus or brevis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior gluteal nerve (pectineus, medius, minimus) |
|
|
Term
| can't push pedal down on bike = damage to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can't adduct legs = damage to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| no muscular control of foot = damage to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ found in both CNS and PNS! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patella found anterior to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most inferior bone of os coxae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forms part of ACETABULUM but NOT the OBTURATOR FORAMEN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| only thigh muscle that inserts LATERALLY on leg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervates flexor digitorum brevis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- transport of waste, blood, nutrients, hormones
- regulation of pH & BP
- protection (clotting, WBCs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fatty plaque & hypertrophied smooth muscle build up in lumen of blood vessels. this leads to atherosclerosis, hardening and occlusion of the vessels, often leading to DEATH |
|
|
Term
| only artery that carries de-oxygenated blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. large conducting arteries
2. muscular, distributing arteries
3. arterioles |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of veins (3) |
|
Definition
1. thin walls
2. larger diameter, more numerous than arteries
3. valves
4. more anastomoses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reconnection of two streams that previously branched out; i.e. blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diameter of lumen of vein has increased because of blood column pressure, valve cannot close, so some blood flows back down through valve, resulting in dilation at distal ends of veins |
|
|
Term
| when tracing blood BACK to HEART from lower limbs, what replaces Abdominal aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characteristics of blood vessels (5) |
|
Definition
1. variable
2. tend to occur in NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLES
3. collateral circulation
4. astromoses
5. general distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more than one source of blood to a specific body part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening in the tendon of ADDUCTOR MAGNUS through which the femoral artery and vein pass |
|
|
Term
| femoral artery & vein ---> adductor hiatus ----> become? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in lower limb, most unnamed veins are tributaries of? |
|
Definition
| greater & lesser SAPHENOUS VEINS |
|
|
Term
| trace blood out of heart from IVC |
|
Definition
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
descending aorta |
|
|
Term
| histological characteristic that allows capillaries to perform their function? |
|
Definition
| walls only one cell thick |
|
|
Term
| TYPES of vascular structures that blood must flow through to get from LEFT VENTRICLE to RIGHT ATRIUM (6) |
|
Definition
1. elastic conducting arteries
2. muscular distributing arteries
3. arterioles
4. capillaries
5. venules
6. veins |
|
|
Term
origin located on body part that is _____ movable
insertion located on body part that is ____ movable |
|
Definition
origin = less
insertion = more |
|
|
Term
| fleshy or contracting part of the muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| surrounds the individual muscle fiber / cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| packages cells into fascicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fascia surrounding the entire muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
steadies movement when a muscle crosses two joints
ex. hold fist centered when making fist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maintains position OF BODY PART NOT INVOLVED IN MOVEMENT
ex: hold your arms and forearms steady while typing |
|
|
Term
| palpatable on body - BONY MARKINGS of os coxae |
|
Definition
1. ASIS
2. Illiac crest
3. symphysis pubis |
|
|
Term
| palpatable on own body - FEMUR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| palpable on own body - tibia |
|
Definition
tibial tuberosity
medial malleolus |
|
|
Term
| palpable on own body - fibula |
|
Definition
head of fibula
lateral malleolus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superior extensor retinaculum
inferior extensor retinaculum
fibular retinaculum
flexor retinaculum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in grey & white matter; PHAGOCYTIC CELLS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that produce mylein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multipolar cells that aid in repair process & transfer of nutrients from blood vessels to NERVE CELLS |
|
|
Term
oligodendroglia produce mylein for cells in ______
schwann cells produce mylein in _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| brain tumors usually ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of LARGE CONDUCTING ARTERIES |
|
Definition
| pulmonary trunk & Aorta + main branches |
|
|
Term
| provide resistance to blood flow largely responsible for Blood Pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when two veins accompany an artery |
|
|
Term
| femoral artery becomes _______ at adductor hiatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BOUNDARIES of Popliteal Fossa |
|
Definition
Upper: Semitendonosus/Semimembranosus; Biceps femoris
Lower: Two heads of Gastrocnemius |
|
|
Term
| CONTENTS of Popliteal Fossa |
|
Definition
"AVNN" UP! (avian up, aviation up)
deep to superficial:
popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve |
|
|
Term
| Femoral Triangle boundaries |
|
Definition
top: inguinal ligament
lateral: sartorius
medial: adductor longus
floor: lateral is illiopsoas ; medial is pectineus |
|
|
Term
| MUSCLES that FLEX HIP (5) |
|
Definition
1. psoas major
2. iliacus
3. sartorius
4. rectus femoris
5. tensor fascia latae |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that EXTEND the HIP |
|
Definition
1. gluteus maximus
2. semitendonosus
3. semimembranosus
4. biceps femoris |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that ABDUCT the HIP |
|
Definition
1. tensor fascia latae
2. gluteus medius
3. gluteus minimus |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that ADDUCT the HIP |
|
Definition
1. adductor longus
2. adductor brevis
3. adductor magnus
4. pectineus
5. gracilis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. tensor fascia latae
2. gluteus medius
3. gluteus minimus |
|
|
Term
| muscles that LATERALLY ROTATE the hip |
|
Definition
1. gluteus maximus
2. piriformis |
|
|
Term
| muscles that INVERT the FOOT |
|
Definition
tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis |
|
|
Term
| anatomical position (describe) |
|
Definition
| body standing erect, face toward observer, feet together and parallel, arms at side with palms facing forward |
|
|
Term
| three planes through which anatomical material cut |
|
Definition
sagittal: L/R
coronal: anterior/posterior
transverse: superior/inferior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serves and fulcrum for quadriceps muscles and helps protect knee joint |
|
|
Term
shin =
achilles tendon =
outer ankle bone =
inner ankle bone =
sole of foot = |
|
Definition
1. tibial crest
2. calcaneal tendon
3. medial malleolus
4. lateral malleolus
5. plantar aspect of foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| os coxae ; tibia and patella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| femur and fibula ; fibula and TALUS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synarthrosis
diarthrosis
amphiarthrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep fascia that invests the THIGH |
|
|
Term
| iliotibial tract - definition |
|
Definition
| thick strip of fascia lata on the lateral thigh |
|
|
Term
NON-MUSULAR STRUCTURES that attach to
1. ASIS
2. ischial spine
3. pubic tubercle |
|
Definition
1. inguinal ligament
2. sacrospinous ligament
3. inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| deep lateral rotators of hip lie deep to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strip of fascia with greater collagen fiber density than crural fascia; holds tendons close to joint, to prevent them from "bowstringing" |
|
|
Term
| what separates the anterior from posterior crural muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bundle of nerve cell processes held together in fascial sheath (epineurium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve palpable against neck of FIBULA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens if COMMON FIBULAR NERVE damaged? |
|
Definition
| ANTERIOR and LATERAL crural muscles paralyzed, so cannot EVERT or DORSIFLEX FOOT |
|
|
Term
| function of cardiovascular system |
|
Definition
| transportation system delivering nutrients, oxygen and removing wastes from all body tissues |
|
|
Term
| heart = "double pump" , why? |
|
Definition
| right side of heart pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs (PULMONARY PUMP) while left side of heart pumps oxygenated blood to body (SYSTEMIC PUMP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
arteries have thicker walls, smaller diameter, and no valves
veins are more numerous, have more anastomoses, and contain valves |
|
|
Term
| posterior tibial artery is what kind of artery? |
|
Definition
| muscular distributing artery |
|
|
Term
| external iliac artery changes name at ? |
|
Definition
| inguinal ligament to FEMORAL |
|
|
Term
| femoral artery changes name at? |
|
Definition
| adductor hiatus (changes to POPLITEAL) |
|
|
Term
| anterior tibial artery changes names at? |
|
Definition
| ankle (to dorsalis pedis) |
|
|
Term
| anterior tibial artery ---> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior tibial artery ---> |
|
Definition
| splits to FIBULAR and POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERIES |
|
|
Term
| posterior tibial arteries ---> |
|
Definition
| medial & lateral plantar arteries |
|
|
Term
| name nerve that would be found in neurovascular bundle with anterior tibial artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name nerve that would be found in neurovascular bundle with posterior tibial artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name nerve that would be found in neurovascular bundle with obturator artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| femoral vein is _____ to femoral artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which muscle must be cut away to reveal ADDUCTOR CANAL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior tibial artery found UNDER what muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vena camitantes found primarily? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| serous sac that encases the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| base of heart situated at thoracic vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| left border of heart formed largely by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| right border of heart largely formed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| apex of heart mostly ________ lies at about the ______ |
|
Definition
left ventricle
fifth left intercostal space |
|
|
Term
| pain when heart deprived of blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| valve that separates RIGHT ATRIUM from RIGHT VENTRICLE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| separates RIGHT VENTRICLE from PULMONARY ARTERY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| left atrium and left ventricle separated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| separates LEFT VENTRICLE and AORTA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inferior vena cava brings deoxygenated blood from ? |
|
Definition
| lower body to RIGHT ATRIUM |
|
|
Term
| superior vena cava brings blood from |
|
Definition
| deoxygenated blood from upper body to RIGHT ATRIUM |
|
|
Term
| walls of which VENTRICLE are thicker |
|
Definition
| LEFT, because has to pump to all other regions of body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depression between atria and ventricles; left coronary artery and circumflex artery lie here |
|
|
Term
| which two arteries lie in coronary suclcus? |
|
Definition
| circumflex and left coronary artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
left anterior descending artery
branch of left coronary artery that lies in the fat-filled anterior interventricular sulcus |
|
|
Term
| what lies in the ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS? |
|
Definition
| Left Anterior Descending Artery & Great Cardiac Vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remnant of embryonic vessel; lies between/"connects" PULMONARY TRUNK and AORTA |
|
|
Term
| Coronary sulcus separates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lies in coronary sulcus on RIGHT ANTERIOR surface of heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lies in coronary sulcus on LEFT ANTERIOR SURFACE of heart |
|
Definition
| circumflex artery and superior portion of great cardiac vein |
|
|
Term
| Great Cardiac vein terminates in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior interventricular artery |
|
Definition
| continuation of right coronary artery in POSTERIOR HEART |
|
|
Term
| thin region in interatrial septum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| foramen ovale in developing embryo becomes... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wall of RIGHT ATRIUM smooth except for |
|
Definition
| ridges of muscle in AURICLE |
|
|
Term
| opening of coronary sinus in __________ brings blood used by heart muscle itself |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tricuspid valve formed by what tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized muscles in ATRIA of the heart; attach to cusps of the atrioventricular valves via chordae tendineae to prevent PROLAPSE or INVERSION of the valves |
|
|
Term
| papillary muscles are specialized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| valve that prevents backflow into the RIGHT VENTRICLE |
|
Definition
| pulmonary SEMILUNAR VALVE |
|
|
Term
| valve that prevents backflow into LEFT VENTRICLE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bicuspid or mitral valve found in ________ ventricle/atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous cords that attach from apex of papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves; passive restraints to prevent valves from being forced back into the atria when the ventricles contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when AV flaps do not meet or completely close off blood flow |
|
|
Term
| heart does NOT need innervation from CNS to initiate heartbeat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "pacemaker" of heart; initiates beat |
|
|
Term
| heart beat impulse pathway |
|
Definition
1. sinuatrial node
2. atrioventricular node
3. atrioventricular bundle
4. purkinje fibers (which cause muscles of ventricles to contract) |
|
|
Term
| blood to anterior heart muscle from Right Ventricle to heart muscle AND BACK -- PATHWAY |
|
Definition
| R. ventricle --> pulmonary a. --> pulmonary capillaries --> pulmonary veins --> Left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta --> left coronary artery --> LAD artery --> great cardiac vein --> coronary sinus --> Right atrium --> right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| ________ decrease the heart rate if beating too rapidly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increase the heart rate if beating too slowly |
|
Definition
| sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of structure of nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of microscopic cells and tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of developing organism from fertilization to birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| support, protection, leverage in movement, hemopoeisis; and mineral storage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pointed projection of bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prominent border, may be rough |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| saucer-like depression (fossa --> sossa) |
|
|
Term
| smooth, concave or convex structure for articulation with other bone connected directly to shaft of bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intermingling of nerve cell processes of spinal nerves from different cord levels |
|
|
Term
| greater saphenous vein ascends up ______ thigh and empties into _____________ |
|
Definition
medial
femoral vein at femoral triangle |
|
|
Term
| lesser saphenous vein arises on _______ to empty into ______ at _________ |
|
Definition
| lateral side of foot; posterior leg; enters popliteal fossa and empties into popliteal vein |
|
|
Term
| sacrospinous ligament goes from ____ to _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sacrotuberous ligament goes from _____to ______ |
|
Definition
| sacrum to ischial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
anterior femoral muscles
1. major action
2. innervation |
|
Definition
extends knee
femoral nerve |
|
|
Term
medial femoral muscles
1. action
2. innervation |
|
Definition
1. adducts hip
2. obturator n. |
|
|
Term
posterior femoral muscles
1. action
2. innervation |
|
Definition
1. extends hip and flexes knee
2. tibial n. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ductus arteriosus becomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ligaments lateral to bladder |
|
|
