Term
|
Definition
| the space inside any hollow organ, continuous with the outside world, lined by a mucous membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the superficial layer of a serous membrane, consists of CT and mesothelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the deep layer of a serous membrane, consists of CT and mesothelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not continuous with the outside world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lines the lumen, consists of an epithelial layer and of a lamina propria (the CT layer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cellular structure that provides cell-to-cell adhesion using intermediate filaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms an impermeable barrier between cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows materials to flow from the cytoskeleton of one cell to the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the cytoskeleton which projects outward from the middle of the cell, move organelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located closer to the periphery of the cell and can change the shape of the cell, can do so to produce amoeboid movement in which one part of the cell goes somewhere and the rest of the cell drags itself to meet it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in between, tend to cut across the cell and connect to the sides of the cell, relatively static
� |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetic defect in collagen fiber formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resists tension, made up of a tripple helix of collagen fibrils, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| net-like flexible padding; made up of specialized collagen fibers; short, thin and branched; allows for smooth gliding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made of elastin, cross-linked, recoils to original shape |
|
|
Term
| elastic fibers are produced by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue, blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unspecialized, made up of fibroblasts (which secrete the matrix) and other cells, two types: loose CT, dense CT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lots of ground substance, fewer fibers, three types: areolar adipose and reticular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most generic type of CT, gel-like, lots of tissue fluid, adjoins all epithelia, has all 3 tissue types, has fat and defense cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mostly fat cells, in hypodermis and visceral fat, for energy storage protection and insulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of reticular (web-like) fibers, only in lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense regular, dense irregular, elastic, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibers and tension run in 1 direction, ligaments and tendons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elastic fibers, recoils, Bronchial tubes in lungs; artery walls; some intervertebral ligaments
� |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concentric, interstitial, circumferential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collagen, reticular, elastic |
|
|
Term
| CT matrix ground substance |
|
Definition
| GAG's, proteoglycans, interstitial fluid, additional components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common type, network of colagen fibrils |
|
|
Term
| where is hyaline cartilage found? |
|
Definition
| joints (ends of bones), trachea, developing/growing bones, costal cartilage (where ribs attach to the sternum) |
|
|
Term
| primary component of osteoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is periosteum made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary function of collagen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does red blood marrow make |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does yellow bone marrow make? |
|
Definition
| adipose tissue (FAT TISSUE) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elastic fibers, network of thin collagen fibrils |
|
|
Term
| properties of elastic cartilage |
|
Definition
| tolerates repeated bending |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest diameter, made of tubulin, project outward from middle of cell, cilia and flagella outside, inside move organelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| series of protiens arranged like rods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located closer to periphery of cell, smallest diameter, made of actin, allows cell to move like a slug, and change shape |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common type of cell in the epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medium sized, high tensile strength, permenant/stable, cuts across cell and connects to the sides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covers/lines surfaces of the body, forms glands |
|
|
Term
| which layer of skin makes most keratin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is simple squamous epithelium found |
|
Definition
| alveoli, filtration capsules in kidneys, lining of heart and blood vessles (HAS NO SURFACE PROJECTIONS.... cilia) |
|
|
Term
| where is simple cuboidal epithelium found |
|
Definition
| salavary glands, kidney tubules, pancreas, lining of ovary |
|
|
Term
| where does most of the melainin end up |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is simple columnar epithelium found |
|
Definition
lining most of digestive tract: nonciliated
small bronchi: ciliated |
|
|
Term
| where is the endothelium found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pseudostratified columnar |
|
Definition
| lining trachea and upper resperatory tract |
|
|
Term
| where is stratified squamous epithelium found |
|
Definition
keratinized: skin
nonkeratinized: ends of digestive and reproductive tracts |
|
|
Term
| where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found |
|
Definition
RARE, Largest ducts of salivary, sweat, & mammary glands
� |
|
|
Term
| where is stratified columnar epithelium found |
|
Definition
RARE, urethra, some in largest ducts of glands
� |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of molecule makes up reticular fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mucous and serous, mostly multicellular, mostly derived by epithelia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secrete hormones into the blood, derived from epithelia or other tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the pillars in woven and spongy bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rements of old osteons (background guys) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goes around outermost layers, doesn't actually form an osteon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polysaccharide with nitrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein with GAG attached |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which type of CT can fight infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell type adjoins almost all epithelia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lots of ground substance vs lots of fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flexible, resilient after compression or tension, slow to heal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense irregular CT, helps cartilage resist tension, surrounds cartilage, helps grow/repair cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common type, made of thin collagen fibrils, found in trachea, ends of bones/joints, developing bones, and connecting ribs to sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elastic fibers, made of thin collagen fibrils, tolerates repeated bending, found in external ear and eppiglotis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin network of collagen fibrils and thick collagen fibers all running in one direction, found in intervertibral discs, meniscus, and pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
| what do osteoblasts become when surrounded by bone matrix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kinds of fibers is bone made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed from mesenchyme, lots of extracellular matrix (plasma) |
|
|
Term
| main cell type in epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells in stratum spinosum held together by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which skin layer makes glycolipids for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are dendric cells and where are they found |
|
Definition
| immune cells, stratum spinosum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separation of the dermis and epidermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood vessles, lymph nodes, nerves, sensory receptors, glands, hair folicles |
|
|
Term
| what is the hypodermis made of |
|
Definition
| mostly fat, aerolar tissue, some adipose ct as well |
|
|
Term
| how are hair folicles formed |
|
Definition
| the folding of the epidermis |
|
|
Term
| how do we get hair curlienss |
|
Definition
| from the cross sectional shape |
|
|
Term
| what do apocrine glands do |
|
Definition
| secrete pheromones (near hair folicle) |
|
|
Term
| number of bones in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a bone considered an organ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| support, protection, energy storage, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resists tension, growth, attachments (secured by perforating fibers) |
|
|
Term
| what kind of cartilage is articular and where is it found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
for remodeling interior surfaces of bone
� |
|
|
Term
| is bone tissue vascularized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are trebeculae aligned |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the organic part of bone tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the inorganic part of bone tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concentric, interstitial, circumfrential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does woven bone contain lamallae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does woven bone contain trabeculae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what types of bone are formed via intermembraneous bone formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| steps of intermembraneous bone formation |
|
Definition
| osteoblasts develop from mesenchyme, which secrete osteiod which mineralizes and traps osteoblasts which become osteocytes, woven bone forms around blood vessles, periosteum forms, compact bone forms under periostium adn teh rest becomes spongy bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endochondrial bone formation |
|
|
Term
| what type of cartilage forms endochondrial bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| steps of endochondrial bone formation |
|
Definition
| cartilage model grows periosteum, chondrocytes in the middle causes bone matrix to calcify, chondrocytes die forming a cavity, periostial bud invades diaphysis and creates primary ossification center, this all happens in ephysis as well forming secondary ossification centers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| appositional and longitudinal |
|
|
Term
| where does longitudinal bone growth occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does longitudinal bone growth stop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| longitudinal bone growth steps |
|
Definition
| similar to endochondrial bone formation, epiphysial plate expands, matrix calcifies, chondrocytes die, osteoblasts deposit bone on diaphysial side, osteoclasts enlarge medullary cavity |
|
|
Term
| which way does appositional bone growth occur |
|
Definition
| out (makes bones grow wide) |
|
|
Term
| steps of appositional bone growth |
|
Definition
| osteoblasts in periosteum add bone to outer surface while osteoclasts enlarge the medullary cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| achondroplasia, osteoporosis, osteomalacia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chondrocytes divide poorly, so the epiphyseal plate occurs prematurely (dwarfism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| osteoclasts dominate over osteoblasts, decrease in bone density |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insufficient mineral (calcium) in bone matrix, bendy bones! |
|
|
