Term
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Definition
| project lateral and somewhat posterior -- located between pedicle and lamina |
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior, easy to palpate, and has important muscular attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| Between the body and transverse processes |
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Term
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Definition
| between transverse and spinous processes |
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Term
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Definition
Small projection coming off of the superior articulating processes
-only found on the lumbar vertebrae |
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Term
| Superior/inferior articulating processes |
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Definition
| structures articulate with one another and form a facet joint on each side |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior to the body and consists of the pedicles, lamina, spinous and transverse processes, and superior/inferior articulating processes |
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Term
| Superior/inferior vertebral notches |
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Definition
-Viewed by examination from the saggital perspective
-together they form the intervertebral foramen and spinal nerves comes off the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
formed by a superior articulating process of a vertebrae below and an inferior articulating process of a vertebrae above
-two per vertebrae and each has a joint capsule
-Influences rotation and other motions
-limited in lumbar but signifcant in cervical
-more infuries in lumbar
-cervical injuries usually found in gymnasts. |
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Term
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Definition
Comprised of (5) fused bones
-provides strength and stability to pelvis and transmits body weight to the pelvic girdle
-superior half is wight bearing and inferior portion isn't |
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Term
| Base of sacrum has a superior articular process that joins with the inferior articular process of (which vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| What is on the posterior of the sacrum? |
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Definition
| the median and lateral sacral crests (which are a fusion of the S1-S5 spinous processes) |
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Term
| What is the fusion of the S1-S5 Sacral processes |
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Definition
| the median and lateral sacral crests |
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Term
| What is superior and posterior to the apex |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sacral hiatus shaped like |
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Definition
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Term
| the sacral hiatus lead into ( ) and houses ( ) |
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Definition
| ( ) leads into the sacral canal and houses spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Coccyx is comprised of (#) fused bones |
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Definition
| ( ) is comprised of 4 fused bones |
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Term
| ( ) openings on each side of the sacrum are known as the sacral foramina |
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Definition
| 4 opens on each side of the sacrum are known as the ( ) |
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Term
| The last three coccygeal bones often fuse during ( ) |
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Definition
| the last ( ) bones often fuse during midlife |
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Term
| ( ) forms a beak like bone |
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Definition
| coccyx forms a ( ) like bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bundle of spinal nerves at that distal portion of the spinal cord and resembles a horse's tail |
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Term
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Definition
| most distal portion of the spinal cord at L1-L2 and comes to a pointed cone end |
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Term
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Definition
| terminal portion of pia mater that runs off the distal end of the spinal cord, |
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Term
| Intervertebral discs are thickest in the ( ) region |
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Definition
| ( ) disks are thickest in the lumbar region |
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Term
| the ( ) and ( ) comprise intervertebral discs |
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Definition
| the annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus comprise ( ) |
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Term
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Definition
outer fibrous structure of the disc
-thicker anterior and thinner posterior |
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Term
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Definition
-gelatin/water substance located in the center of the intervertebral disc.
-water content is max at brith and decresaed with age -- dehydrated by age 60 -- decreased ROM
-dehydrates during the day and rehydrates during the night |
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Term
Nucleus is (avasuclar/vascular)?
- lumbar nerve root |
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Definition
avascular.
0can protrude through the annulus fibrosis resulting in impingement on a ( ) ( ) ( ) |
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Term
| herniated discs typically occur at ( ) |
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Definition
| ( ) typically occurs at L4-L5 |
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Term
| Anterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| supports the anterior portion of the vertebral column -- runs entire length of the vertebral column (C1-distal sacrum) |
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Term
Anterior longitudinal ligament prevents ()
-attaches anteriorly to the vertebral discs |
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Definition
| () longitudinal ligament prevents hyperextension |
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Term
| Posterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| provides posterior support to the vertebral column and runs from bodies of C2 (axis to the sacrum) |
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Term
Posterior longitudinal ligament prevents ()
-runs in vertebral canal and prevents flexion |
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Definition
| () longitudinal ligament prevent flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| attaches between the spinous processes of the verebrae and prevents them from opening up on one another |
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Term
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Definition
cordlike structure that runs posterior to the spinous proceses
-C7 to sacrum --prevents excessive forward flexion |
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Term
| supraspinous ligament prevents () |
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Definition
| () ligament prevents excessive forward flexion |
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Term
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Definition
extensive fascial sheath and superficial
-covers lumbar and thoracic region
-very thick and strong in lumbar region and thin and somewhat transparent in thoracic area
-runs from both iliac crest, 12th ribs, and attaches to the internal oblique muscles |
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Term
| Lumbosacral plexus is divided in three parts: ( ) , ( ), ( ). |
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Definition
| Superior, middle, inferior |
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Term
| Superior Lumbosacral contains 5 nerves: ( ), (), (), (), () |
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Definition
WHERE ARE THESE NERVES LOCATED?
Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)
Iliohypogastric (T12-L1)
ilioinguinal (T12-L1)
Lateral femoral cutaneous (L1-L4)
Obturator (L2-L4) |
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Term
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Definition
(L2-L4)
innervates the adductor muscles of the thigh and pectineus
-Nerve of the Superior lumbosacral plexus |
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Term
| Lateral femoral cutaneous |
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Definition
(L1-L4)
hass innervations to the psoas major/minor and the quadrates lumborum
-Nerve of the superior lumbosacral plexus |
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Term
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Definition
(T12-L1)
innervates the abdominal muscles
[so does the ilioinguinal @ (T12-L1)]
-Nerve of the superior lumbosacral plexus |
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Term
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Definition
(L1-L2)
innervates male and female genitalia plus male cremaster muscle
-girls do not have the cremaster muscle (contracts testicles to bring them into the inquinal region when cold)
-Nerve of the Superior lumbosacral plexus |
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Term
| Inferior lumbosacral plexus (pudendal plexus) contains what 4 nerves? |
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Definition
WHERE ARE THESE NERVES LOCATED?
Posterior femoral cutaneous (S2-S3)
Annococcygeal (S4-S5,C1)
Perforating cutaneous nerve
Pudendal (S2-S4) |
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Term
| Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve |
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Definition
(S2-S3)
has innervatinos to the inferior portion of the scrotum
-nerve of the inferior lumbosacral plexus |
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Term
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Definition
(S4-S5, C1)
-has innervations to the abdominal cavity and genitalia
-nerve of the inferior lumbosacral plexus |
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Term
| perforating cutaneous nerve |
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Definition
(S2-S3)
innervates the medial aspect of the buttocks
-nerve of the inferior lumbosacral plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| (S2-S4) innervated the abdominal cavity and genitalia |
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Term
| Middle lumbosacral plexus have what 4 nerves? |
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Definition
| The peroneal, tibial, gluteal, and plantar nerves are where? |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the descending aorta
-branches supply the ( ) region |
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Term
| Lumbar and medial sacral come off of the ( ) and supply the lumbar and S1 regions |
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Definition
| Lumbar and medial sacral comes off the of abdominal aorta and supply the ( ) and ( ) regions |
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Term
| Common iliac further subdivides into the () and ( ) |
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Definition
() further subdivides into the external and internal (hypogastric) arteries
-provides blood supply to sacrum and coccyx region. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Intervertebral discs account for ()% of the total length of the vertebral column |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| vertebrae that have a body, vertebral arch, and various processes |
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Term
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Definition
| vertebra that have structural differences, such as no vertebral body or unusually shaped processes |
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Term
| In the cervical region, which vertebrae are considered typical, and which are atypical? |
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Definition
typical: C3-C6
atypical: C1,C2,C7 |
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Term
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Definition
| the cervical vertebrae (C1) that has no vertebral body or spinous process, is a ring like structure, and is often described as a washer that stis between the occipital condyles of the skull and C2 or known as the (?) |
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